Compare and contrast systems theory, adaptation theory, and developmental theory.

inductive reasoning

cognitive process in which one identifies a specific idea or action and then makes conclusions about general ideas

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

focuses on the priority of some needs over others

Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

1. Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 3. Initiative vs. Guilt 4. Competence vs. Inferiority 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 8. Integrity vs. Despair

General Systems Theory

A set of interacting elements, all contributing to the overall goal of the system. The whole system is always greater than the sum of its parts. hierarchical in nature and are composed of interrelated subsystems that work together in such a way that a change in one element could affect other subsystems, as well as the whole. Boundaries separate systems both from each other and from their environments. A system communicates with and reacts to its environment through factors that enter the system (input) or are transferred to the environment (output). An open system allows energy, matter, and information to move freely between systems and boundaries, whereas a closed system does not allow input from or output to the environment (no totally closed systems are known to exist in reality). To survive, open systems maintain balance through feedback.

Adaptation theory

adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions. Adaptation is a continuously occurring process that effects change and involves interaction and response. Human adaptation occurs on three levels: the internal (self), the social (others), and the physical (biochemical reactions).

deductive reasoning

cognitive process in which one examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas

Theory

composed of a group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality. can be tested, changed, or used to guide research or to provide a base for evaluation.

nursing theory

differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices

Concepts

like ideas, are abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality. can be thought of as the individual bricks and boards used to build a house.

conceptual framework or model

set of concepts, along with the statements that arrange the concepts into an understandable pattern. the blueprint that specifies where each brick and board should go

Developmental Theory

the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death. Although the pattern has definite stages, the progress and behaviors of a person within each stage are unique. Heredity, temperament, emotional and physical environment, life experiences, and health status influence the growth and development of a person.