Components of Computer Hardware

_____ can be read and written to. a. RAM b. ROM

a. RAM

Byte

A data unit composed of 8 bits. A byte is the basic unit needed to encode a single character.

Bit

A unit of in computing that is either a 1 or a 0.

RAM

Random Access Memory (used for short-term storage) consists of both Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and Static RAM (SRAM). RAM is volatile, meaning what is stored is lost when power to RAM is turned off.

Control Unit

Retrieves the instructions and raw data that is input, and coordinates or controls the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU.

Arithmetic Logic Unit

The ALU, does the actual processing of the data.

Hard Drive

The hard drive is an electrical component used to store instructions, programs, data, and information for future use.

Motherboard

The motherboard is a thin, flat piece of circuit board, usually green or gold, that directly or indirectly connects all other components and peripherals.

Identify the type of computer memory below. Additional can be purchased for the computer. a. RAM b. ROM c. Both

a. RAM

Identify the type of computer memory below. Information stored is lost when the computer is turned off. a. RAM b. ROM c. Both

a. RAM

Identify the type of computer memory below. Temporary form of memory. a. RAM b. ROM c. Both

a. RAM

The follow describes features of _____: Is typically from 4-16 GB; access to any address takes the same amount of time to retrieve; temporarily stores data. a. RAM b. ROM

a. RAM

The two main forms of _____ are main memory and cache memory. a. RAM b. ROM

a. RAM

ROM

Read Only Memory - retains its contents indefinitely.

Stylus

An input device that is a manual pointing device which replaces the mouse and allows you to enter data, select items, and give commands by touching the screen with it.

BIOS ROM

Basic Input Output System - operating system that runs when a computer is first turned on. It runs tests of memory and the CPU, and initializes hardware components so that the actual Operating System can be loaded from the hard disk.

Describe the difference between bays, slots, and ports.

Bays are used to house removable media such as CDs or DVDs. Slots are used to insert PC cards that may not be internal to the system unit such as a wireless-access card or a modem card. Ports are used to connect additional devices used for input, output, storage or communication. Examples of devices that may connect through ports include USB flash drives, webcams, keyboards, monitors, and microphones.

Expansion Card

Expansion cards, like a sound card or graphics card, are plugged into expansion slots and enhance the performance of a computer.

SRAM

Cache memory and registers.

System Clock

Controls the speed at which instructions are processed.

Word

Either 32 or 64 bits, representing the typical datum.

Power Supply

The power supply provides the electrical power needed to make the PC operate.

DRAM

Typically called main memory.

What is the difference between a handheld and a desktop? a. A desktop has more external storage available. b. A desktop has less memory and storage space. c. A handheld has more external storage available. d. A handheld has more memory and storage space.

a. A desktop has more external storage available.

Choose the hardware component that matches the description. Executes instructions and commands computer components a. CPU b. Bus c. I/O subsystem d. Memory

a. CPU

The CPU consists of two parts: the CU and the ALU. The _____ retrieves the instructions and raw input data and sends that data for processing. a. CU b. ALU

a. CU

What will allow the notebook or tablet peripherals to function like a desktop? a. Docking station b. Monitor c. Keyboard

a. Docking station

A stylus is used in what part of the IPSO? a. Input b. Output c. Storage

a. Input

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. Keyboard and mouse a. Input b. Output c. Storage

a. Input

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. Microphone a. Input b. Output c. Storage

a. Input

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. Scanner a. Input b. Output c. Storage

a. Input

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. Webcam a. Input b. Output c. Storage

a. Input

Rank the categories of computers in terms of performance capabilities. Mid-performance capability a. Laptop b. Handheld c. Desktop

a. Laptop

The _____ is the printed circuit board that houses the CPU, memory chips, and expansion cards in any computer. a. Motherboard b. Internal bus c. Chassis d. System unit

a. Motherboard

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the CPU? a. The CPU processes programs. b. The CPU consists of wires that detect if a current is present. c. The CPU stores data from programs while they are in use. d. The CPU is a subsystem of the I/O bus.

a. The CPU processes programs.

Which of the following statements describes key differences between the peripheral devices of a standard desktop PC computer and a smartphone? a. The smartphone has items normally thought of as peripherals such as keyboard and monitor built in, whereas with the desktop computer the peripherals are largely external. b. The desktop computer has peripherals such as keyboard and monitor built in, whereas with the smartphone the peripherals are largely external. c. The desktop is more likely to have peripheral devices built into the computer compared to the smartphone.

a. The smartphone has items normally thought of as peripherals such as keyboard and monitor built in, whereas with the desktop computer the peripherals are largely external.

Indicate whether the following type of memory is volatile or nonvolatile. Random Access Memory (RAM) is: a. Volatile b. Nonvolatile

a. Volatile

A certain computer has the following components and capabilities: • peripherals include an external flatscreen monitor and an optical disk drive • large capacity hard drive What category of computer does it fit into? a. desktop b. handheld c. laptop

a. desktop

The _____ is used for long-term storage and is the component used to save data when the computer is turned off. a. hard drive b. internal drive bay c. memory d. processor

a. hard drive

The CPU consists of two parts: the CU and the ALU. The _____ does the actual processing of the data to output display on your screen. a. CU b. ALU

b. ALU

In the image, which letter represents the motherboard? a. A b. B c. C

b. B

Choose the hardware component that matches the description. Made of several wires, each of which allows 1 bit of current to flow over it a. CPU b. Bus c. I/O subsystem d. Memory

b. Bus

Although the tablet computer looks different from the desktop and laptop, it largely contains the same internal components that allow it to work. However, some of the components inside of a tablet computer may be difficult to identify because of their miniaturization. Which of the following lists is composed of components that must be part of the internal workings of the tablet computer? a. RAM and ROM memory, USB port, hard drive. b. CPU, hard drive, memory, power source. c. CPU, RAM and ROM memory, expansion slots.

b. CPU, hard drive, memory, power source

What is the measurement unit used to identify "Clock Speed" on today's computers? a. MHz b. GHz c. megabytes d. gigabytes

b. GHz

Rank the categories of computers in terms of performance capabilities. Least amount of performance capability a. Laptop b. Handheld c. Desktop

b. Handheld

What will store data even when the computer is turned off but may lose data and should be backed up? a. RAM b. Hard drive c. ROM

b. Hard drive

Which input peripherals are now integrated in the laptop? a. USB ports, keyboard, and CPU b. Mouse, keyboard, and webcam c. Keyboard, CPU, and printer d. External hard drive, mouse, and monitor e. Monitor, keyboard, and mouse

b. Mouse, keyboard, and webcam

Indicate whether the following type of memory is volatile or nonvolatile. Hard Drive utilizes which kind of storage? a. Volatile b. Nonvolatile

b. Nonvolatile

Indicate whether the following type of memory is volatile or nonvolatile. Read-Only Memory (ROM) is: a. Volatile b. Nonvolatile

b. Nonvolatile

A projector is what part of the IPSO? a. Input b. Output c. Storage

b. Output

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. Headphones a. Input b. Output c. Storage

b. Output

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. Monitor a. Input b. Output c. Storage

b. Output

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. Printer a. Input b. Output c. Storage

b. Output

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. Speaker a. Input b. Output c. Storage

b. Output

Speakers are what part of the IPSO? a. Input b. Output c. Storage

b. Output

BIOS _____ is stored in the ROM chip on the motherboard. a. RAM b. ROM

b. ROM

Identify the type of computer memory below. It holds the instructions the computer needs to boot. a. RAM b. ROM c. Both

b. ROM

Which of the following best describes the function of the bus component? a. The bus consists of input and output devices. b. The bus transfers information between computer components or between computers. c. The bus controls all of the components in a system. d. The bus contains information in permanent memory that is used by the CPU.

b. The bus transfers information between computer components or between computers.

Which of the following statements best describes differences between a desktop PC system and a notebook/laptop computer? a. A notebook/laptop includes a number of bays, slots, and ports, and a desktop does not. b. The peripherals and system unit of a notebook/laptop are sold as a single unit. c. Unlike a desktop computer, bays, slots, and ports on a notebook/laptop may be located on the front, side, or back of the system unit. d. The system unit in a notebook/laptop is easily distinguished from external peripherals.

b. The peripherals and system unit of a notebook/laptop are sold as a single unit.

Which of the following best describes a docking station and its use? a. A docking station provides additional processing speed to a laptop or tablet. b. A docking station is required to connect a laptop or tablet to a network. c. A docking station allows a laptop or tablet to function like a desktop unit. d. A docking station allows for greater mobility when using a laptop or tablet.

c. A docking station allows a laptop or tablet to function like a desktop unit.

Identify the type of computer memory below. Is used to store programs. a. RAM b. ROM c. Both

c. Both

Identify the type of computer memory below. Stores information as bits. a. RAM b. ROM c. Both

c. Both

Rank the categories of computers in terms of performance capabilities. Most performance capability a. Laptop b. Handheld c. Desktop

c. Desktop

What device does not have peripherals permanently attached to the system unit? a. Notebook b. Smartphone c. Desktop

c. Desktop

Choose the hardware component that matches the description. Contains peripheral devices used for input, output, and long-term storage a. CPU b. Bus c. I/O subsystem d. Memory

c. I/O subsystem

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. CD a. Input b. Output c. Storage

c. Storage

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. External hard drive a. Input b. Output c. Storage

c. Storage

Recall the IPOS cycle, introduced previously. Many peripheral devices play a role in the cycle. Choose IPOS cycle stage that most closely matches the peripheral device's function. Flash drive a. Input b. Output c. Storage

c. Storage

Which of the following best describes the I/O subsystem? a. The I/O subsystem focuses on processing of information and execution of commands. b. The I/O subsystem permits information to be shared between the CPU and the bus. c. The I/O subsystem includes devices such as the printer, keyboard, and monitor. d. The I/O subsystem stores information permanently in one specific location.

c. The I/O subsystem includes devices such as the printer, keyboard, and monitor.

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the CPU in a computing environment? a. The CPU only sends information to various parts of the computer. b. The CPU does the actual processing of the data, from mathematical calculations and logical operations to conversion of keyboard text entry to output display on your screen. c. The two parts of the CPU do the computer's main work of accepting data and converting it to information.

c. The two parts of the CPU do the computer's main work of accepting data and converting it to information.

Which peripheral device that was previously only an output device became both an input and output device with the advent of the tablet computer? a. mouse b. keyboard c. monitor d. CPU

c. monitor

RAM computer memory is involved in the following: a. storing information permanently b. providing instructions for booting c. run programs

c. run programs

Which of the following statements describes the main function of computer memory? a. Memory executes instructions for programs. b. Memory allows information to move between components. c. Computer memory consists of long-term storage devices such as a disk drive or tape. d. Computer memory facilitates the execution of programs by storing both the program and the data that is being used by a program.

d. Computer memory facilitates the execution of programs by storing both the program and the data that is being used by a program.

Choose the hardware component that matches the description. Stores programs being executed and data that the programs use a. CPU b. Bus c. I/O subsystem d. Memory

d. Memory

Indicate which of the following is an accurate statement about the CPU. a. The higher the clock speed (GHz) of the CPU is the only factor that affects PC responsiveness. b. The CPU is a component within the system unit, but not on the motherboard. c. The CPU stores information. d. The CPU interprets and executes programs.

d. The CPU interprets and executes programs.

The size of these devices, such as the Google Glass, in many ways makes them convenient and useful. However, the size also presents some limitations compared to larger devices. Which of the following statements is true concerning these limitations? a. They are too small to contain memory. b. They are too small to contain a CPU. c. They are too small to support input devices. d. They are too small to support a large array of peripheral devices.

d. They are too small to support a large array of peripheral devices

Responsiveness of a PC will rely on all of the following components except: a. Number of processors b. The system clock speed c. Amount of RAM that can store data d. Whether the CPU has a CU e. The way electrical circuits are wired

d. Whether the CPU has a CU

A video card or wireless network card would be located in _____. a. power connectors b. processor slots c. memory slots d. expansion slots

d. expansion slots