Comptia A+ Chapter 9 and 10

Blaster

(Infrared) Infrared Data Association (IrDA) was a wireless networking standard supporting speeds up to about 4 Mbps. Infrared (IR) sensors are used in mobile devices and with IR blasters to control appliances.

LED Printer

(light emitting diode printer) A type of printer that uses LEDs to print.

IPSec

Layer 3 protocol suite providing security for TCP/IP. It can be used in two modes (transport, where only the data payload is encrypted, and tunnel, where the entire IP packet is encrypted and a new IP header added). IPsec can provide confidentiality and/or integrity. Encryption can be applied using a number of hash (MD5 or SHA) and symmetric (DES or AES) algorithms. Key exchange and security associations are handled by the Internet Key Exchange Protocol. Hosts can be authenticated by a shared secret, PKI, or Kerberos.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Means of determining a receiver's position on the Earth based on information received from GPS satellites. The receiver must have lineof- sight to the GPS satellites.

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

A 3D printing method which lays down each layer of filament at high temperature, and as layers are extruded, adjacent layers are allowed to cool and bond together before additional layers are added to the object.

Stereolithography (SLA)

A 3D printing method which uses a resin or photopolymer to create objects which are cured using an ultraviolet laser.

Quick Charge (QC)

A Qualcomm fast charging technology that also has a second chip for power management that allows higher wattage than is allowed by the USB standard without overheating.

Hotspot

A location served by some sort of device offering Internet access via Wi-Fi.

Near Field Communications (NFC)

A Standard for peer-to-peer (2-way) radio communications over very short (around 4") distances, facilitating contactless payment and similar technologies. NFC is based on RFID.

Post Office Protocol (POP3)

A TCP/IP application protocol providing a means for a client to access email messages stored in a mailbox on a remote server. The server usually deletes messages once the client has downloaded them. POP3 utilizes TCP port 110.

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

A TCP/IP application protocol providing a means for a client to access email messages stored in a mailbox on a remote server. Unlike POP3, messages persist on the server after the client has downloaded them. IMAP also supports mailbox management functions, such as creating subfolders and access to the same mailbox by more than one client at the same time. IMAP4 utilizes TCP port number 143.

Mobile VPN

A VPN that can maintain the VPN link across multiple carrier networks, where the IP address assigned to the mobile device may change often.

Barcode Scanner

A barcode reader is a handheld or penshaped device designed to scan barcodes. A barcode is a pattern of different sized parallel bars, typically representing a product number, such as an ISBN, EAN, or UPC. The reader uses a sensor mechanism (typically either a photo diode, laser, or CCD) to read the intensity of light reflected back by the barcode. The reader then reports the number back to application software, which links it to a product database.

Raster

A bitmap image of a page for printing.

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Method of multiplexing a communications channel using a code to key the modulation of a particular signal. CDMA is associated with Sprint and Verizon cellular phone networks.

Electrophoretic ink (e-ink)

Micro-encapsulated black and white particles, electronically manipulated to create images and text on an e-reader.

Exchange

Microsoft Exchange is a client-based email system that allows mobile devices to sync with the server.

Exchange ActiveSync

Microsoft's synchronization protocol that enables mobile devices to connect to an Exchange Server to access mail, calendar, and contacts.

Gyroscopes

Mobile device technology that can determine the rotation of a device with a sensor that measures the rotation of the device.

Walled Garden Model

A closed software system in which the user's access to content and services is controlled by the user's mobile carrier or by a service provider.

Additive

A color printing method that combines differently colored transmitted light to form different shades.

Subtractive

A color printing method that uses the reflective properties of inks.

Cellular Radio

A component in a mobile device that is capable of switching frequencies automatically when moving between network cells without losing the connection.

Corporate Mail Gateway

A connection between mail servers that use different communications protocols or between two networks that use the same or different protocols.

Preferred Roaming List (PRL)

A database built by CDMA service carriers to indicate which radio bands should be used when connecting to a cell tower

Equipment Identity Register (EIR) database

A database where IMEI numbers are stored. A lost or stolen device IMEI is marked as invalid.

Duplexing Assembly

A device that enables a printer or scanner to use both sides of a page automatically.

E-books

A digital book that can be read on an electronic device such as an e-reader, smartphone, tablet, or computer.

E-magazines

A digital magazine that can be read on an electronic device such as an e-reader, smartphone, tablet, or computer.

E-newspapers

A digital newspaper that can be read on an electronic device such as an e reader, smartphone, tablet, or computer.

Touchscreen

A display screen combined with a digitizer that is responsive to touch input.

XML Print Specification (XPS)

A file format based on XML that describes one or more pages and how the information should appear on the page.

Comma Separated Values (CSV)

A file format in which data is stored using commas or another character to separate fields in the data. Typically, data has been exported from a spreadsheet or a database.

Vector Font

A font that consists of a description of how each character should be drawn that can be scaled up or down to different font sizes.

Page Description Language

A high-level computer language used to describe the contents and the layout of the information to be printed on a page through PDL commands.

Page Description Language (PDL)

A high-level computer language used to describe the contents and the layout of the information to be printed on a page through PDL commands.

Electronic Paper Display (EPD)

A low-power display using e-ink to create a display that mimics the look of text on paper without using a backlight or glossy surface.

Developer Roller

A magnetized roller to which toner adheres during the printing process.

Mobile Equipment ID (MEID)

A number that uniquely identifies a mobile device on a CDMA network.

International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)

A number that uniquely identifies a mobile device on a GSM network.

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

A number that uniquely identifies a mobile subscriber

Accelerometer

Mobile technology that can determine the orientation of a device with a sensor that measures the acceleration of the device direction.

Baseband Update

Modification of the firmware of a cellular modem.

Bitmap Image Data

A pixel-by-pixel image sent to a printer to print a file.

Photopolymer

A polymer material that is sensitive to light, and changes its properties when exposed to a light source.

Uncollated

A print job where all copies of page 1 are printed first, followed by all copies of page 2, and so on.

Collated

A print job where all pages of the first copy are printed, followed by all pages of the next copy.

Locally Installed

A printer that Windows communicates with directly over the relevant port.

Thermal Wax Transfer

A printer that uses a thermal printhead to melt wax-based ink from a transfer ribbon onto the paper.

3D Print Process

A printing process that builds a solid object from successive layers of material.

Backed up print queue

A problem situation where there are lots of jobs pending but not printing.

Bookmark

A record of a website or web page that you visited.

Contact

A record with fields for name, address, email address(es), phone numbers, notes, and other information related to the entity defined in the record.

Separation Roller

A roller in a paper tray that pushes the stack of paper back, allowing only a single sheet of paper to be fed into the printer.

Sheet-fed Scanners

A scanner in which the paper is passed over a fixed scan head.

3D Scanner

A scanner that can gather data about the shape and appearance of a physical object and save that information to a computer.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A security protocol developed by Netscape to provide privacy and authentication over the Internet. It is application independent (working at layer 5 [Session]) and can be used with a variety of protocols, such as HTTP or FTP. Client and server set up a secure connection through PKI (X.509) certificates (optionally, both client and server can authenticate to one another). The protocol is now being developed as Transport Layer Security (TLS).

Maintenance Kit

A set of replacement feed rollers, new transfer roller, and a new fuser unit for a laser printer.

Software Development Kit (SDK) Xcode

A set of resources provided by a platform vendor for programmers to use when creating software to work with the vendor's platform.

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card

A small chip card that identifies the user and phone number of a mobile device via an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (ISMI). A SIM card also provides a limited amount of local storage for contacts.

Dye Sublimation

A sophisticated type of color printer that uses heat to diffuse dye from color ribbons onto special paper or transparency blanks to produce continuous-tone output similar in quality

Encryption Keys

A specific piece of information that is used with an algorithm to perform encryption and decryption in cryptography.

Separation Pad

A stationary pad in a paper tray that pushes the stack of paper back, allowing only a single sheet of paper to be fed into the printer.

Detac Corona

A strip that removes the charge to prevent paper curl in a laser printer.

Static Eliminator

A strip that removes the charge to prevent paper curl in a laser printer.

E-reader

A tablet-sized device designed for reading rather than general-purpose computing.

Direct Thermal

A thermal printer that uses heated pins to form images directly onto specially coated thermal paper.

Airplane Mode

A toggle found on mobile devices enabling the user to disable and enable wireless functionality quickly.

Multitouch

A touchscreen or touchpad capable of interpreting gestures, such as pinching or swiping.

Tunnel

A tunneling (or encapsulation) protocol wraps up data from one protocol for transfer over a different type of network. For example, PPP can carry TCP/IP data over a dial-up line, enabling a remote computer to communicate with the LAN.

OLED (organic light emitting diode display)

A type of LED flat panel display device that uses organic compounds that emit light when subjected to an electric current.

Contact Image Sensor (CIS)

A type of digital imaging sensor. An array of LEDs strobing between red, blue, and green light are used to illuminate an object. The reflected light is captured through a lens onto an image sensor.

Dot Matrix

A type of impact printer that uses a set of pins to strike the ribbon to create printed characters and images using combinations of dots.

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)

A type of integrated circuit with a wide range of applications, including static RAM (for firmware and flash memory) and imaging sensors.

Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL)

A type of lamp providing a bright, clear light source. CCFLs are used for LCD backlights and scanners.

Charge Coupled Device (CCD)

A type of microchip widely used as a digital image sensor. Each element in a CCD converts light captured by a photodiode into a proportional electric charge, which is then amplified, sampled, and stored as a digital value. The number of elements determines the resolution.

Paper Jam

Occurs when paper does not feed through the printer properly, resulting in pages that are stuck within the paper feed mechanism, often crumpled or torn.

Mutual authentication for multiple services (SSO [Single Sign On])

One service accepts the credentials from another service. Also known as federated identity management.

Thermal Paper

Paper that contains a chemical designed to react with the heating element of a thermal printer to create images on paper.

Cleaning Blade

Parts such as a blade, roller, or brush that rest on the surface of a laser printer's photosensitive drum that are used to clean excess toner and remove residual charge from the photoconductor.

Erase Lamp

Parts such as a blade, roller, or brush that rest on the surface of a laser printer's photosensitive drum that are used to clean excess toner and remove residual charge from the photoconductor.

Primary Charge Roller

Parts such as a blade, roller, or brush that rest on the surface of a laser printer's photosensitive drum that are used to clean excess toner and remove residual charge from the photoconductor.

Slicing Software

Software in a 3D printer or in 3D modeling software that takes a 3D model and creates multiple horizontal layers of the model.

Sliced

Software in a 3D printer or in 3D modeling software that takes a 3D model and creates multiple horizontal layers of the model.

Mobile Device Management (MDM)

Software suites designed to manage use of smartphones and tablets within an enterprise.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

Software that can identify the shapes of characters and digits to convert them from printed images to electronic data files that can be modified in a word processing program. Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) is an advanced type of OCR, focusing on handwritten text.

3D Modeling Software

Software that creates a model of a physical object using polygons, spline curves, and bezel curves.

Print Driver

Software that provides an interface between the print device and Windows.

TWAIN

Standard "driver" model for interfacing scanner hardware with applications software.

Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

Standard for cellular radio communications and data transfer. GSM phones use a SIM card to identify the subscriber and network provider. 4G and later data standards are developed for GSM.

CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black)

Subtractive color model used by print devices. CMYK printing involves use of halftone screens. Four screens (or layers) of dots printed in each of the colors are overlaid. The size and density of the dots on each layer produces different shades of color and is viewed as a continuous tone image.

Haptic Feedback

Tactile response on a touchscreen device, typically a slight vibration of the surface, although the entire device can vibrate in certain responses.

Wi-Fi Direct

Technology that enables two mobile devices to connect to each other without a wireless access point.

Graphics Device Interface (GDI)

The Windows XP component responsible for drawing graphics objects. Cheaper printers use GDI as the print processor. Windows Vista and later have a redesigned display/print architecture called Windows Presentation Foundation, but retain compatibility with GDI applications.

Autodiscover

The ability of a mobile device to determine connection settings based on the user entering their email credentials.

Electrostatic Photographic (EP) Drum

The component in a laser printer that carries the electrical charge to attract toner and then to transfer the toner to the paper.

Imaging Drum

The component in a laser printer that carries the electrical charge to attract toner and then to transfer the toner to the paper.

TCO

The cost of a device over its lifetime, including the cost of replacement components and consumables.

vCard

The digital equivalent of a business card.

Print Languages

The language used by printers to interpret output from the computer as printable text and images. Some printers can use multiple print languages.

Printer Technology

The mechanism used in a printer to create images on paper. It determines the quality, speed, and cost of the output.

Technology

The mechanism used in a printer to create images on paper. It determines the quality, speed, and cost of the output.

Printer type

The mechanism used to make images on the paper. Also referred to as printer technology.

App Store

The online site where Apple users can purchase or get free apps have been submitted to and approved by Apple before they are released to users.

Print Job

The output produced by an application and passed to the printer, and then to the print device via a print monitor and port.

Fuser Assembly

The part of a laser printer that fixes toner to media. This is typically a combination of a heat and pressure roller, though noncontact flash fusing using xenon lamps is found on some high-end printers.

Calibration

The process by which the printer determines the appropriate print density or color balance, or how much toner to use.

Geolocation

The process of identifying the real world geographic location of an object, often by associating a location such as a street address with an IP address, hardware address, Wi-Fi positioning system, GPS coordinates, or some other form of information.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

The protocol used to send mail between hosts on the Internet. Messages are sent over TCP port 25.

WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)

The screen and print output are supposed to be the same.

Bubblejet

The term used by the Canon company to refer to their thermal inkjet print method.

Apps

Installable programs that extend the functionality of the mobile device, that must be written and compiled for a particular mobile operating system

Ink Dispersion

this is a type of printer where colored ink is sprayed onto the paper using microscopic nozzles in the print head. There are two main types of ink dispersion system: thermal shock (heating the ink to form a bubble that bursts through the nozzles) and piezoelectric (using a tiny element that changes shape to act as a pump).

Inkjet

this is a type of printer where colored ink is sprayed onto the paper using microscopic nozzles in the print head. There are two main types of ink dispersion system: thermal shock (heating the ink to form a bubble that bursts through the nozzles) and piezoelectric (using a tiny element that changes shape to act as a pump).

Android application package (APK)

Third-party or custom programs that are installed directly through an APK file, giving users and business the flexibility to install apps directly on Android devices.

Sideload

Third-party or custom programs that are installed directly through an APK file, giving users and business the flexibility to install apps directly on Android devices.

Impact Printer

Typically, a dot matrix printer, this uses pressure to transfer ink from a ribbon onto paper in a particular pattern, similar to the mechanism of a typewriter.

2D barcode

A 2D barcode created of black and white squares used to store information that can be read using a barcode scanner or the camera on a smartphone that has a barcode scanning app installed.

Quick Response (QR) codes

A 2D barcode created of black and white squares used to store information that can be read using a barcode scanner or the camera on a smartphone that has a barcode scanning app installed.

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

A 3D printing method which fuses layers together using a pulse laser, creating the object from a plastic or metal powder with the model being lowered into a tank as each layer is added.

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

A 3D printing method which lays down each layer of filament at high temperature, and as layers are extruded, adjacent layers are allowed to cool and bond together before additional layers are added to the object.

Scanner

A type of photocopier that can convert the image of a physical object into an electronic data file. The two main components of a scanner are the lamp, which illuminates the object, and the recording device, an array of CCDs (Charge Coupled Devices). There are flatbed and sheet fed versions, with sheet-fed versions typically being incorporated with a printer and fax machine into a multifunction device. Scanners can output images directly to a printer or to a suitable file format (such as JPEG, PNG, or TIFF). Scanners can also interface with applications software using one of several interfaces (TWAIN, WIA, SANE, or ISIS).

Laser

A type of printer that develops an image on a drum using electrical charges to attract special toner then applying it to paper. The toner is then fixed to the paper using a high-heat and pressure roller (fuser). The process can be used with black toner only or four color toner cartridges (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black) to create full-color prints. Monochrome laser printers are the "workhorses" of office printing solutions.

Thermal Printer

A type of printer that uses a thermal (high heat) print head to fuse or transfer waxbased ink onto paper or selectively heats specially treated paper to form the image. Most thermal printers are handheld devices used for printing labels or receipts.

Flatbed Scanner

A type of scanner where the object is placed on a glass faceplate and the scan head moved underneath it.

Swift

Apple's programming language for developing mobile apps.

Notification Shade

An Android feature that is accessed by swiping down from the top of the display to access Android OS feature settings.

Android Auto

An Android phone feature that allows users to interact with their phone using voice commands and a vehicle's built-in display.

Realtime Operating System (RTOS)

An OS that is optimized for use in embedded or realtime apps.

Samsung Account

An account created for Samsung Android devices used to access the Samsung devices and related online services.

Google Account

An account from Google used to access an Android device and related online services.

Federated Identity Management

An agreement between enterprises to allow users to authenticate using the same information to all networks within the agreed upon group.

Control Center

An iOS feature that is accessed by swiping up from the bottom of the display to access iOS feature settings.

Apple CarPlay

An iPhone feature that allows users to interact with their phone using voice commands and a vehicle's built-in display.

Tractor-fed

An impact printer mechanism that uses pairs of wheels with pins evenly spaced around the circumference at a set spacing to feed continuous roll paper with matching holes that fit over the pins.

Friction Feed

An impact printer mechanism that uses two rolls placed one on top of the other to force individual cut sheets of paper or envelopes through the paper path.

Preferred Roaming Index (PRI)

An index that works with the PRL to provide the best data/voice quality to a phone while roaming.

Ingress Protection (IP) scale

An international standard to determine how well electrical enclosures are sealed against dust, water, moisture, and other intrusive materials from entering the enclosure. The ratings scale is defined in the British EN60529:1992 and European IEC 60509:1989 standards.

Online Social Lives

An online way to interact with other people using sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

Radio Firmware

An operating system that is separate from the end-user operating system in a mobile device.

Enhanced Data Rate (EDR)

An option in the Bluetooth specification that allows faster data rates and potentially better battery life.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

An organization that provides a connection to the Internet and other web- and email-related services. A connection to the ISP's Internet routing equipment can be made using a variety of methods.

Printer

An output device that produces text and images from electronic content onto physical media such as paper or transparency film.

MFD

Any device that performs more than one function. This typically refers to either SOHO Internet routers/access points or print devices that can also scan and fax.

Multi-Function Device (MFD)

Any device that performs more than one function. This typically refers to either SOHO Internet routers/access points or print devices that can also scan and fax.

Piezoelectric

Ink delivery system in an inkjet printer that uses a tiny element that changes shape to act as a pump used in Epson printers.

Cellular Data

Connecting to the Internet via the device's cell phone radio and the handset's cellular network provider.

Thermal

Ink delivery system in an inkjet printer that uses thermal shock.

Mobile device synchronization (sync)

Copying data back and forth between a mobile device and another device such as another mobile device, tablet, laptop, PC, or cloud service to keep the information up-to-date on all of the devices.

Automatic Document Feeder (ADF)

Device that feeds media automatically into a scanner or printer.

Windows Image Acquisition (WIA)

Driver model and API (Application Programming Interface) for interfacing scanner hardware with applications software on Windows PCs.

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)

Email encryption product providing message confidentiality and integrity using web of trust PGP certificates.

Secure Multipart Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME)

Email encryption standard (Cryptographic Message Standard) using PKI (X.509) certificates for confidentiality (digital envelopes) and integrity (digital signatures). S/MIME provides extensions for standard MIME headers.

Light Sensors

Sensors in a mobile device used to dim and brighten the display based on ambient conditions.

Scalable Fonts

Fonts that are vector based.

3D Printer

Hardware device capable of small scale manufacturing. 3D printers use a variety of filament media (typically plastic) with different properties.

Infrared (IR)

Infrared Data Association (IrDA) was a wireless networking standard supporting speeds up to about 4 Mbps. Infrared (IR) sensors are used in mobile devices and with IR blasters to control appliances.

Filament

In 3D printing, the spool of plastic or other material used to create the three dimensional object.

Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)

In Windows, handles the display and print functions for compatible applications.

Print Monitor

In Windows, the print monitor is a process that checks the print queue (%SystemRoot %\System32\Spool\Printers\) for print jobs. When they arrive, they are processed, if necessary, then passed via a print port to the print device.

Head Unit

In a car, the unified hardware interface for the audio system and related components.

Transfer Belt

In a color printer, combining colors to print in one pass.

Print Head

In a dot matrix printer, pins that are fired by solenoids are secured to a moving carriage that sweeps across the paper and the pins make contact with the ribbon to press it against the paper to create images. In an inkjet printer, the print head is typically contained in the ink cartridge although Epson inkjet printers include the printhead as part of the printer instead.

Media Guides

In a paper tray, the movable components that can be adjusted to hold the paper in the proper position for feeding through the printer.

Feed

In a thermal printer, a stepper motor turns a rubber-coated roller to feed the paper through the print mechanism using friction feed.

Feed Assembly

In a thermal printer, a stepper motor turns a rubber-coated roller to feed the paper through the print mechanism using friction feed.

Heating Element

In a thermal printer, the component within the printer that is heated to react to chemicals in thermal paper to change color, creating images on the thermal paper.

Ribbon

In an impact printer, the inked medium against which pins press to create the image.

Ink Cartridge

In an inkjet printer, a cartridge containing an ink reservoir and sensors to detect the amount of remaining ink, typically with separate cartridges for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black ink. Most ink cartridges also contain the print head for the printer.

Load Roller

In an inkjet printer, a roller that turns against the paper stack to move the top sheet, while a separation roller prevents more than one sheet from entering the printer.

AutoSheet Feeder (ASF)

In an inkjet printer, the paper pickup mechanism to feed paper into the printer.

Hard Copy

Printer output of electronic documents onto paper.

Electrostatic Latent Image

Representation of the image to be printed created as a series of raster lines with charge/no-charge areas.

Registration Roller

Roller equipped with a sensor that feeds paper into the print engine.

Pickup Roller

Roller that turns above a stack of paper to feed a sheet into the feed roller.

Transfer Roller

Roller, corona wire, or belt assembly that applies a charge to the media (paper) so that it attracts toner from the photoconductor. A detac strip then removes the charge to prevent paper curl. On a color laser printer, the transfer unit is usually a belt.

Vector Graphics

Scalable images that are created from vectors which describe how a line should be drawn.

Secure Sockets Tunneling Protocol (SSTP)

Uses the HTTP over SSL protocol and encapsulates an IP packet with an SSTP header

Augmented Reality (AR)

Using software and smartphone cameras or headsets to interact with real-world objects and images or change the way they appear in some way.

Mobile Hotspot

Using the cellular data plan of a mobile device to provide Internet access to a laptop or PC. The PC can be tethered to the mobile by USB, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi (a mobile hotspot).

Tethering

Using the cellular data plan of a mobile device to provide Internet access to a laptop or PC. The PC can be tethered to the mobile by USB, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi(a mobile hotspot).