COMPTIA A+ Terms, comptia a+ 901, study guide
Bus architecture Communication path - a city of technology internal PC Growth - independent pathways
"Width in bits - big roads, little roads - width is changing to bandwith Clock speed of the bus - the expansion bus gets its own clock - 1 MHz = 1 million cycles per second -1 Ghz = 100 MHz Clock speed does not necessarily equal transfer rate - DDR3 SDRAM can trasnfer 64 times the memory clock speed
Main Power Connector
***It is the power connector that sends electricity to the motherboard. ***
CABLES AND CONNECTORS RJ48C
- 8P4C, T1, WAN, data lines
Understanding PC Memory Parity Memory
- Adds additional parity bit, will not always detect error -Will not fix error
LOJACK for laptops
- Built into the BIOS -Automatically installs to hdd phone home function sends location info
INKJET PRINTERS
- Inexpensive, quiet, high resolution, expensive ink -Ink cartridges places drops of ink on pages - Colors CYMK, cyan, magenta, yellow, key (black)
MAC
- Media access control - Mandatory access control
Display Devices Display specs
- Refresh rates- number of times a screen is redrawn -measures in hertz (Hz) Resolution- number of pixels (W x H) -standard 4:3 (1600 x 1200) -wide screen 16:10 -hd 16:9
Installing BIOS Upgrades Upgrading Firmware
- Upgrade done to nonvolatile memory - Reliable power source for no interruptions - Improves performance/ fixes bugs -Only upgrade if necessary (having problems) - Modern upgrades run from .exe files
Understanding PC Memory Buffered Memory
- Used to place less electrical load on the memory Controller
Print to XPS
- XML paper specification, - similar to PDF, but included in windows
laser printer Colors
- cyan, yellow, magenta, black Four separate toner cartridges
Ghost Images on Print Output
- incorrect paper - build up of toner on rollers -high-humidity -drum failure (replace imaging unit)
MAU
- media access unit - media attachment unit
laser printer Fuser Assembly
- melts plastic toner permanently to paper
Thermal Printers
- receipt printers -white paper turns black when heated, very quiet -paper sensitive to light and heat
RAID RAID 1+0
- stripe of mirrors,speed of striping but redundancy of mirroring, Need at least 4 drives
BIOS
-After BIOS, computer looks for boot devices -Settings are saved in nonvolatile memory (ROM chip) Legacy BIOS - Limited hardware support, over 25 years old
Secure Boot
-Compares digital signatures to OS you are running
RAM Slots DIMM
-Double Data Rate(DDR) SDRAM- 184 pins -DDR3 and DDR3 SDRAM- 240 pins
RAM Slots DIMM
-Dual Inline Memory Module -one single chip set -electrical contacts different on each side -64 bit dad width
Thermal Printers
-heating element heats up parts of paper form characters -paper covered with chemicals that changes color w/ heat
Understanding PC Memory Multi-channel Memory
-installed in pairs or trios for max throughput -combinations should match
Impact Printers
-low cost, noisy, poor graphics, mostly for numbers & letters -paper is pulled through with holes on each side of it
How many devices can be connected to each channel of a DMA controller?
1
NetBIOS
137-139
A tech is installing Bluetooth speakers in a conference room. What is the average operating range of the speakers?
30 feet (9 meters)
SMB
445
To connect a display device to your computer's graphics card, you must be the appropriate cable and connector for the physical interface There are several choices and many graphics expansion cards have multiple display ports on them
A COMPONENT display connection type uses three cables to carry the video signal?
Codec (COmpression DECompression)
A compression/ decompression algorithm used by modern video and audio players.
MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)
A group of compression standards for video and audio, which includes MPEG‑1, MPEG‑2, and MPEG‑4.
Optical Drive
A hardware device that uses lasers or light to read from, and maybe even write to, CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs.
LTO (Linear Tape-Open)
A self-contained tape cartridge used for backups. LTO-5 can transfer data at 140 MB/s, and cartridges can hold as much as 1.5 TB. LTO is replacing DLT.
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
A set of standards that are used to represent music in digital form. The port is a 5-pin DIN port that looks like a keyboard port, only larger.
MiniSD
A solid state or flash memory card format related to SD cards. Smaller than SD cards but larger than microSD cards.
MicroSD
A solid state or flash memory card format related to SD cards. Smaller than miniSD cards which are smaller than SD cards.
MP3 (Fraunhofer MPEG-1 Layer 3)
A standard format for music files sent over the Internet that compresses music.
SD (Secure Digital) Card
A storage expansion card for a mobile device.
coaxial, twisted pair and fiber optic cables are all used in networking
A token ring network passes packets of data called tokens to each station in a network
xD-Picture Card
A type of flash memory device that has a compact design and currently holds up to 8 GB of data.
What are the most popular filament types used by home and small office 3D printers?
ABS and PLA
What motherboard works in a Ryzen CPU?
AM4
Motherboard form factors standard ATX Micro ATX mini-ITX Nano-ITX Pico-ITX
ATX form factor standardized by Intel in 1995 - seen many updates over the years Power - 20 pin connector - 24 pin connector, additional 4/8 pin connector Port Types - Optional I/O backplate - add and remote as needed ATX otherboards still being manufactured
ACL
Access Control List
AP
Access point
a customer calls the help desk to report an issue. The customer suggests that the problem is hardware related, but the technician knows from the description that this is not the case. What is the best course of action for the tech?
Acknowledge the customer's input, but follow another course of action (NOT follow the customer's prescribed course of action
ACT
Activity
BENEFITS OF VIRTUALIZATION VMs using different OSes can share host without conflicts Maintenance on one VMN does not affect other VMs on the same host VMs are easier to back up, restore, or move than traditional OS installations Relatively easy to change or upgrade hardware on hosts with
Adding Email Accounts -ISP email server -Google gmail, Yahoo! mail or OUtlook.com/Exchange Online mail -To connect to an iCloud email address -To configure encryption and digital signatures using S/MIME
THUNDERBOLT Data transfer rates: - Thunderbolt 1 - 20 gigs on two data channels - Thunderbolt 2 - 20 gigs in a single data channel - Thunderbolt 3 - 40 gigs on each of four data channels Bi-Directional, able to transmit and receive data at the same time Daisy-chain up to 6 devices per port Can provide 10W of power to each connected device. Thunderbolt 3 providesup to 15 W Ability to create a peer to peer network of two Apple computers using a Thunderbolt connection Thunderbolt 1 and 2 use the Mini DisplayPort (MDP) connector. Thunderbolt 3 uses USB Type C. Can connect DisplayPort, DVI, HDMI and VGA displays using adapters. Thunderbolt 3 can support dual 4K 60 Hz displays
All blue ports are 3.x If there are both black and white ports, the black ports are 2.0 Ports with red receptacles provide power when the computer is on standby
Corporate and enterprise features Hardware Support Domain access RDP host EFS Bitlocker BranchCache
All workstation product lines from Win Vista through Win 10 come in both 32 bit and 64 bit editions
AC
Alternating Current
TV Tuner Card
An adapter card that receives a TV signal and displays TV on the computer screen.
USB Card
An expansion card, allows for the device to connect to and use USBs.
Pointing Devices
An input device that allows a user to control a small symbol on the screen called a pointer.
CD (Compact Disc)
An optical disc technology that uses a red laser beam and can hold up to 700 MB of data.
BD (Blu-ray Disc)
An optical media with a higher data capacity than a CD or DVD.
Interfaces Audio Ports
Analog TRS plugs (Tip, Ring, Sleeve) -¼" = 6.5mm ⅛" = 3.5mm -Digital optical fiber, 10m max
Which safety device is used to protect sensitive components from electrostatic discharge during transport and storage?
Antistatic bags
A user leaves the workstation frequently and does not want sensitive material to be accessed. In addition, the user does not want to turn off the computer every time in the evening. What is the best solution for securing the workstation?
Apply a screen lock after five minutes of nonuse and login time restrictions for afterhours.
BIOS Security
BIOS password / User password - System/OS will not start w/o password Supervisor Password - Restricts BIOS changes w/o password
What form factor was specifically designed for air flow across heat generating components?
BTX
A technician has decided to upgrade all users' iPhones to the latest model. What is the first thing the tech should advise the users to do with the old pones before turning them in?
Back up the mobile data with cloud backup service
Script File Types .bat - batch file .sh - Unix shell script .ps1 - Windows PowerShell script .vbs - Visual Basic Script .js - Java Script .py Python
Basic Scripting elements - Function - a named sequence of commands which can be called from elsewhere in te script - when a function is called, the script performs it then returns to where it left off Condition Statement - a construct that performs different actions depending on whether some condition evaluates as true or false - an example is the if then else statement Loop - a construct that repeats a sequence of actions one ofr more times depending on some set of conditions - FOR some defined number of iterations - WHILE a Boolean condition remains true
What items do you need to recylce to prevent soil and water contamination if they are sent to a landfill?
Batteries CRT
Interfaces BNC
Bayonet Neill, Concelman, high end video
BNC
Bayonet-Neill-Concelman or British Naval Connector
How would a tech install Windows OS on a MAC OS computer without using third party software?
Boot Camp (NOT terminal, Boot disk, Disk Utility)
CPUs: - the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) which performs all math and logic operations - The control unit (CU) which fetches instructions from memory
CPU characteristics: the number of cores: - single core CPU processor 0 - Dual Core CPU - Processor 0 - processor 1 Quad Corfe CPU - Processor 0 - Processor 1 - Processor 2 - Processor 3
BIOS Configuration
CPU- Adjust settings Hardware diagnostics - Build in BIOS Firmware - Do not upgrade unless current firmware is having issues
Storage Devices CR-ROM
CR-ROM - 700 MB capacity
INKJET PRINTERS Calibration
Calibration- aligns nozzles to paper
Joe, a user, has connected a tablet to his personal mobile hotspot device in a public location for Internet access. The device display indicates there are two connections instead of just one. Which of the following actions can he perform to prevent this unauthorized access to the device immediately? (Select TWO).
Change the SSID to a different broadcast name Add the intruding device to a block access list
A chipset is a collection of chips or circuits that perform interface and peripheral functions for the processor. This collection of chips is usually the circuitry that provides interfaces for memory, expansion cards and onboard peripherals, and it generally dictates how a motherboard will communicate with the installed peripherals.
Chipsets can be divided into two major functional groups, called Northbridge and Southbridge
Which class of fire extinguishers is used on electrical fires?
Class C
A google account on an Android device by default will synchronize to which of the following locations?
Cloud (not SSD, PC desktop, MicroSD)
CCFL
Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp
Which DDR version has a curved contact edge designed to help prevent damage to the module during installation?
DDR4
A tech contacts the network admin to request a list of all static IP addresses in the building. What server role would the tech most likely review to find that information?
DHCP server (NOT DNS server, file server, proxy server)
DL (Dual-Layer) Format
DVD formatting with two pitted layers on each side with slightly different reflectivity indexes.
DS (Double-Sided) Format
DVD that can store data on both sides.
SS (Single-Sided) Format
DVD with one readable side.
DIN
Deutsche Industrie Norm
A technician has just installed a video card in a PC. The video card is not working, althought it working fine on the test bench. What Windows tool should the tech use to start troubleshooting the problem?
Device Manager (NOT Task Manager, system config, computer management)
What is a feature of a mobile device operates the touch screen?
Digitizer (gryoscope, accelerometer, geotracking)
In preparation for an OS upgrade, a technician is tasked with installing additional memory modules in a computer. What safety step should be performed First?
Disconnect power (NOT Use safety goggles, remove jewelry, put on an ESD strap)
Digitizers
Enables users to paint, ink, pencil, or otherwise draw on a computer. Sometimes known as a Pen Tablet.
What do the acronyms EPP and ECP represent?
Enchanced Parallel Port/Enhanced Capability Port
What is the best license type to comply with end user licensing agreement (EULA) terms for commercial software used by multiple users in a corporate envrionment.
Enterprise license (NOT commercial license, seat license, open source license)
A user calls the help desk because a folder containing critical business files is missing from the local drive. The user is adament that the folder was there the previous day and cannot understand why it is gone. The tech views the properties of the parent folder and sees a backup listed on the "Prior versions" tab. According to the theory of troubleshooting, what is the next step?
Establish a theory of probable cause (NOT establish a plan of action and implement the solution, document findings, actions and outcomes, verify full system functionality and implement preventative measures
Fiber optic - cables designed for high transfer rates over a large distance: carry light pulse signals through glass core at speeds of between 100Mbps-200,000 Mbps
Ethernet use coaxial and twisted pair wiring, and can support speeds of 10mbps-100Mpbs.
USB Hub
Extends a single USB connection to two or more USB ports.
desktop synchronization will sychronize items from multiple locations and devices, including from both the device and the desktop. True or false.
FALSE
INKJET PRINTERS Feed rollers
Feed rollers - feeds paper, some duplex
Causes of hard drive clicking noise - verify drive is on level surface - verify there are no loose connections - make sure the interface cable and the power cable or adapter are both good - for an externally-powered HD, verify port supplies correct power - update hard drive firmware - defragment drive - the actuator arm hits the internal head stop. This is clled the Click of Death - there are physical problems with the platters - the hard drive has a faulty circuit board
File Recovery Software - You can use file recovery software to attempt to gain access to the data on the failed hard drive - these third-party utilities can read the various file systems to recover data and program files even if your computer doesn't recognize the drive - many utilities can also solve problems with the partition table, boot record, or root directory
Partitioning: Basic Dynamic MBR GPT Primary Extended Logical
File Systems FAT NTFS HFS ext Swap CDFS UDF
The Operating System is a piece of software that coordinates the interaction between hardware and software applications, as well as the interaction between a user and the computer.
Firmware combines hardware and software into important chips inside the microcomputer that can be touched and felt like hardware but have software written into them. An example if the ROM chip. These are electronic chips that have software in them all the time.
If the optical drive is not being recognized by the system, the drive's firmware needs to be updated.
Flash Drives and memory cards solid state storage technology comes in smaller forms, such as USB flash drives and flash memory cards, used to store data on many mobile devices and digital cameras These storage devices are removeable and allow you to easily transfer their contents from one device to another
A technician is attempting to remove malware from a customer's workstation. WHatg Control Panel utility should the tech use?
Folder Options/View hidden files
A bus can consist of two or more other types of bus
Form factor describes the shape of the motherboard
SmartMedia
Format for flash media cards; no longer used with new devices.
A tech is tasked with setting up a user's webmail on a tablet, phone and laptop. The user would ike the data synched to all three devices. What three items can be synched to the devices via webmail?
Free/busy Calendar Contacts (not documents, favorites, social media)
FSB
Front Side Bus
Essential Parts of a Computer -storage devices -motherboards -power supplies -processors/CPUs -memory -display devices -input, multimedia and biometric devices -adapter cards -ports and cables -cooling systems
Front Side of PC -empty drive bay -DVD drive -flash memory card reader -activity lights - reset switch -power switch -USB port -mic jack -speaker/headset jack -IEEE1394 (FireWire400) port
BIOS passwords BIOS password/user password - system won't start - need the password to start the OS Supervisor Password - restrict BIOS changes - must user supervisor password to change any BIOS configurations
Full Disk Encryption Everything is encrypted - not just individual files Windows Bitlocker disk encryption - BIOS integrates with TPM TPM - Trust Platform Module - can be added to many motherboards - built in to some systems - adds advanced cryptographic functions
BIOS Security
Full Disk encryption- Encrypts everything, even the OS. (bitlocker) TPM ( Trusted Platform Module) -Build in or added to mobo -used by Full disk encryption
Fn
Function (referring to the function key on a laptop)
A technician is tasked to install a 4TB hard disk. What partitioning technology should the tech use to satisfy these requirements?
GPT (NOT Logical, MBR or Extended)
Storage Devices HDD
HDD - slower speeds, mechanical, can break, moving parts
HAV
Hardware Assisted Virtualization
KVM (Keyboard, Video, Mouse) Switch
Hardware device that enables multiple computers to be viewed and controlled by a single mouse, keyboard, and screen.
USB 2.0
HiSpeed 480 Mbps.
Interfaces HDMI
High Definition Multimedia Interface -all digital, 20 meters before signal loss -19 pin type A connector -Type C connector for mini hdmi (cameras)
HTPC
Home theater PC
Storage Devices Hot swappable
Hot swappable
A company that manages its own cloud, while utilizing a third party vendor to help manage storage, is implementing which of the following infrastructure types?
Hybrid (not community, private and public)
What prevention methods are considered to be digital security?
ID badge (NOT Biometrics, firewalls, mantrap)
A user needs their email set up on their iOS device. The email needs to synchronize all changes made with the server and the PC. Which of the following would the technician use to accomplish this? A. IMAP B. SMTP C. SMNP D. POP3
IMAP
You want to access your ISP email account from your and tablet as well as your desktop, but since it is not directly by your mobile client you need to configure it manually. What protocol are you most likely to need?
IMAP
You want your ISP email account from your phone and tablet as well as your desktop, but since it's not directly supported by your mobile client you need to configure it manually. What protocol do you need?
IMAP
A user is configuring the email settings on a smartphone. Which of the following configurations will allow the user to synchronize email from multiple devices?
IMAP (NOT S/MIME, POP3, SMTP)
A user wants to be able to access email from all devices. What format should be used to allow this synchronization?
IMAP (NOT iCal, POP3, SMTP)
Display Devices IPS
IPS - In plate switching , excellent resolution, more expensive that TN
A Blu-Ray Optical drive uses a 405 nm wavelength laser
If you are installing an IDE optical drive, you must configure the drive jumpers.
ISO
Industry Standards Organization
IrDA
Infrared Data Association
Card Readers
Input device that reads memory cards.
First Step of USB Device Installation
Install the USB Driver
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
USB Host Controller
Integrated circuit that is usually built into the chipset and controls every USB device that connects to it.
HDA (High Definition Audio)
Intel designed standard to support features such as true surround sound with many discrete speakers. Often referred to by its code name, Azalia.
Your contract with your mobile provider allows you to have up to three devices connected, tracked by IMEI. When you add a second device, how will you know what IMEI to enter?
It is built into the device itself
KB
Kilobyte or knowledge base
LPR
Line Printer Remote
USB 1.1
Low Speed of 1.5 Mbps. Full Speed of 12 Mbps.
MCA
Micro Channel Architecture
Chipsets Modern CPU's
Most have multiple cores, memory controllers, and GPUs Integrated
MPEG
Moving Picture Experts Group
What feature is being used when a smartphone is used to purchase a product at a retail kiosk?
NFC (NOT Virtual Assistant, SDK, Bluetooth)
NTFS4 is the file system used by Windows NT that provides increased security and reliability over other file systems. ON an NTFS partition, you can't boot from a DOS boot disk - this is one of the security features of NTFS. Additionally, a floppy disk cannot be formatted as NTFS.
NTFS6 - this is the native file system for Windows Vista and 7.
Resolution - Display resolution i the number of pixels display on a screen - the measurement is documented as horizontal pixels x vertical pixels - the size of your display and the resolution determine how sharp an image appears to the human eye - pixel density is often expressed as pixels per inch (ppi) in a display's statistics
Native Resolution - native resolution is the resolution that gives you the best image quality on a LCD - If you have an LCD display, you'll want to use its native resolution, or in some cases an even multiple of its native resolution
*Wireless Interfaces & Speeds NFC
Near field communication -106 kb/s, 212 kb/s, 424 kb/s, range of 10 cm or less -mobile devices, payment devices
What boot method can be used to install Mac OS from a network location?
Netboot Netboot is the Apple equivalent of PXE
NTP
Network Time Protocol
What TCP./IP layer does an Ethernet card operate on?
Network interface
North Bridge (Heat Sink)
Northbridge (Heat Sink) communicates with the processor using the frontside bus (FSB).
Display Devices OLED
OLED - Organic LEDs, thinner and lighter, no backlight, short life
Master Book Record Partitions can't support hard disks that are larger than 2 TB
OS installation and upgrades The MBR can support 4 primary partitions.
CF (CompactFlash)
One of the first forms of a flash memory card to gain popularity.
A tech is in a Remote session sharing a user's desktop. While trying to map a shared network drive for the user, an "access denied" error is encountered while using the user's credentials. What should the next step be?
Open the location with admin privileges.
What does the acronym PCIe represent?
PCI Express
What does the acronym pCI-X represent?
PCI Extended
An end user receives an unsolicited and unencrypted email containing a co-workers birth date and social security number. The end user should immediately contact the IT department and report a violation of which of the following policies?
PII (NOT DRM, EULA, IRP)
RAM PROM
PROM - Programmable read only memory , written once
What is a best practice used to fix a zero-day vulnerability on Linux?
Patch management (not scheduled backup, scheduled disk maintenance, anitvirus update)
Custom Computer Considerations -case type and size -CPU -Disk drive type -Memory -motherboard -size, shape and layout -processor socket -chipset -expansion slots -network interface card (NIC) -power supply -RAID -video card
Perform a HALF-WAY TEST on a laser printer to determine if a print issue is occurring before or after the fusing procesS.
PCMCIA
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PII
Personally Identifiable Information
Additional interfaces for peripheral devices can be added through expansion cards or USB dongles. You are able install and configure an expansion card in a PC and a laptop.
Physical expansion interface types require specific cable and connector designed to connect to a specific port type and transmit data according to the interface standard. You are able to identify the various display and device cable and connector types.
laser printer Pickup rollers
Pickup rollers - one page at a time, periodically needs cleaned
USB (Thumb/Flash) Drive
Portable device that can be plugged into USB port to store or move files.
Print PDF
Print PDF -portable document format,cross platform compatibility
To Share a printer or multifunction print device in Windows -- 1. In the Network and sharing Center, click Advanced Sharing settings 2. Enable File and Printer Sharing for the current network profile, and save your changes 3. In Devices and printers, open the Properties window for the printer 4. On the Sharing tab, check Share this printer, then OK.
Printing Privacy Issues -devices may cache (keep copies of) private print jobs, scans, copies and faxes that can be retreived by others -hackers can intercept data sent to pritner on public or unsecured network - unsecured printers are susceptible to inappropriate use, setting changes, denial of service attacks, and installation of malicious code
Application Protocols What kind of server is used to relay communications between LAN hosts and internet hosts.
Proxy
RDRAM
RAMBUS dynamic random access memory
RAM
Random Access Memory = where the operating system (OS), application programs and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by the device's processor
Re Drives: a cluster is a group of sectors. Sectors are aligned in tracks and shown as pie shaped.
Re Drives: the SEEK TIME is the time that is takes the head to reach the needed track
Bar Code Readers
Read standard UPC (Universal Product Code) bar codes primarily to track inventory.
An end user needs to completely re-install Windows 7 on a home computer but it did not come with any OS discs. How would a technician accomplish this?
Recovery partition
Interfaces RJ11
Registered Jack #11 (telephone) -6P2C (6 positions, 2 wires used)
Interfaces RJ45
Registered Jack #45 (ethernet) 8P8C
RDP
Remote Desktop Protocol
A tech is configuring a new Windows computer for a home office. What steps should the take to secure the workstation?
Rename defuault accounts disable guest account
List how to access Device Manager dialog box for a Windows Vista PC. Start with Right click the Computer Icon
Right click computer icon Select properties System dialog box will display choose the device manager option
A user advises that a computer is displaying pop-ups when connected to the Internet. After updating and running anti-malware software, the problem persists and the technician finds that two rogue processes cannot be killed. Which of the following should be done NEXT to continue troubleshooting the problem?
Run msconfig to clean boot the computer (NOT run recovery console, run system restore or event viewer to identify the cause)
Interfaces Mini-DIN
S video, 2 channel analog
Application Protocols What protocol would you use to connect to a shared drive on another Windows system?
SMB
Application Protocols Which protocol can you use to remotely manage a network switch?
SNMP
Which protocol can you use to remotely manage a network switch?
SNMP
Storage Devices SSD
SSD - no moving parts, very quick
Storage Devices SSHD
SSHD - Has spinning drive and SSD flash memory. Faster but less $$
CABLES AND CONNECTORS ST connectors
ST connectors - straight tip connector
CLOUD APPLICATIONS Webb Apps rely primarily on components and data centrally installed in the providers Some SAAS applications lie in between the two, with the local host and cloud servers splitting computing tasks and data storage. A common approach is VIRTUAL APPLICATION STREAMING where only a few code components are installed in the local host's client application - enough to launch the app and communicate with the server. MS Office 365 suite has web app versions which you can run on any computer with a browser. A cloud storage application like Google Drive or Dropbox has a client application that lets you use your cloud storage like it was a folder on your own computer.
SaaS categories -Desktop productivity -Database -storage -email
SATA
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives. (connects adapters to storage devices)
A user's personal laptop was hacked. A technician troubleshooting the issue discovers the user used the numbers 123456789 as their account password. The user has not changed the password in two years. Which of the following best practices should the technician recommend the user implement to prevent future hacking? (Select TWO).
Set a strong password Change the password frequently (NOT configure screen saver, set login time restrictions, use a more securre browser)
A technician has been tasked with loading the operating system on every PC with a blank hard drive on a network. The technician wishes to install the OS with minimal physical interaction with the PCs. What is the best way to accomplish this?
Set up a central image that the PCs can load from a PXE boot.
A technician needs to perform a backup while a system is running. What service allows this task to be accomplished?
Shadow Copy
Virtual Machines provide users with the ability to do which of the following?
Share hardware resources
What tool is used to type or paste recovery commands directly into a Linux box?
Shell/terminal (not Backup/time machine, command/cmd, restore/snapshot)
FireWire (IEEE 1394)
Similar to USB but uses different connectors and precedes the introduction of USB. Desktop computers tend to use the 6 pin powered connector while portable computers tend to use the 4 pin bus powered connector. Unlike USB, can connect to a hub or be daisy chained. Also, can only connect to 63 devices and has a maximum cable length of 4.5 meters.
SFF
Small Form Factor
Memory Stick
Sony's flash memory card format; rarely seen outside of Sony devices.
SL (Single-Layer) Format
Standard DVD formatting.
RAM SRAM
Static RAM -very fast and expensive, very large -used often in CPU caches (L1, L2, L3)
Storage Devices Tape drives
Tape drives - magnetic tape, sequential storage, cheaper, long term storage
Nonvolatile BIOS memory Store the BIOS configuration - your settings Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) - a type of memory - may be backed up with a battery Usually flash memory these days - easily stored and accessed
The CMOS battery Not needed for today's flash-based storage - maintains older BIOS a bad battery will require a BIOS configuration on every boot On older systems, can reset the BIOS configuration by removing the battery
The TN LCD display minimizes the risk of someone else seeing your screen.
The IPS LCD technology produces the most accurate colors.
A newly deployed Windows PC cannot connect to the antivirus server on the local network for updates, but it can connect to other file servers and printers without issue. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this issue?
The PCs Windows firewall is misconfigured
Troubleshooting motherboard issues - look up error beep codes - use a PC tester or examine onboard analyzer - examine the motherboard for signs of damage - check for faulty capacitors, especially on older motherboards - check all connections to motherboard - remote and reseat connectors - check the motherboard's connection to the case - disconnect cables and devices not needed for core system operation and booting - check CMOS battery
The Southbridge chip on motherboard is used to take data from input/output devices and pass it on to the CPU.
How does the CPU receive data?
The computer does its primary work in a part of the machine we cannot see, a control center that converts data input to information output. This control center, called the central processing unit (CPU), is a highly complex, extensive set of electronic circuitry that executes stored program instructions.
An end user has reported not receiving emails sent by a specific customer. What is the most likely cause of this issue?
The email filter has quarantined the messages.
A user frequently travels with a Windows laptop and connects to several wireless networks. At a new location, the user reports that the locally shared printers are not available on the wireless connection. Which of the following would be causing the issue? A. The location profile is set to public. B. Workgroup is disabled. C. The proxy settings are misconfigured. D. Remote assistance is not configured.
The location profile is set to public (NOT Workgroup is disabled, the proxy settings are misconfigured, remote assistance is not configured)
Video Capture
The recording of video information, such as TV shows or movies.
Ethernet Port
This port can be used to connect your computer to another computer, a local network, or an external DSL or cable modem.
You will hear distortion in the sound when you plan an audio file at the wrong sample rate and bit depth.
To be sure all of your speakers are working correctly, use the Control Panel Sound applet utility with an individual speaker.
An IPS appliance is installed on the network. Which of the following is the purpose of the IPS? A. To check the network for unwanted activity B. To check and stop unwanted activity C. To provide connectivity to the network D. To test the resilience of the network
To check and stop unwanted activity (NOT to check the network for unwanted activity, to provide connectivity to the network, to test the resilence of the network)
Data on full disk encrypted drives using BitLocker is MOST secure from loss when combined with which of the following technologies? A. USB authentication token B. Filesystem access controls C. Trusted platform module D. Fingerprint reader
Trusted platform module (NOT USB authentication token, Filesystem access controls, fingerprint reader)
RAM DDR2
Twice as fast as DDR -240 pins
RAM DDR3
Twice as fast as DDR2 -240 pins
Display Devices TN
Twisted Nematic- Most common/ low power, fast response (gaming)
Flash Memory
Type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten.
Optical Discs
Type of storage media that consists of a flat, round, portable metal disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser.
Booth methods: - external - internal - network
Types of installations: - clean - upgrade - repair - refresh restore - recovery partition - unattended - image deployment - remote network - multiboot
USB
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a port which connects computers and peripherals. It has the power to connect you with a whole new world of PC experiences.
A technician has been informed by the IT security manager that a vulnerability has been discovered in the wireless router. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to take remote control of the device. What should the tech do to address the issue?
Update firmware (NOT update the antenna)
What would help to protect an organization from further data exposure AFTER a list of user passwords has already been leaked due to policy breach?
Use multi-factor authentication Educate end users
INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS are centrally managed from a central wireless points (WAP) that mediates all communications
Usually the WAP also has a connection to a wired LAN or the internet
Embedded Systems -Network Applicances -Network-enabled devices -Media devices -loT (internet of things) -vehicles
VIRTUAL MACHINES -Host: the physical hardware that ultimately hosts all the hardware -not to be confused with the usual network definition of "host" -Virtual Machine (VM): a virtual computer installed onto the host Hypervisor: A software abstraction layer that runs VMs as applications, effectively an OS for OS
A network administrator needs to connect to resources from an offsite location while ensuring the traffic is protected. What should the admin use to gain access to the secure network?
VPN
Use PWD linux command to show the directory you are currently in (the working directory).
What advantages does an embedded OS have over a workstation OS? 1. can run on less powerful hardware 2. easier to support
Coaxial vs. Twisted Troubleshooting - coaxial has less risk of crosstalk or wiring errors - coaxial more easily damaged by tight bends and kinks - no linear scale of coaxial quality - when troubleshooting old coaxial connection, each end of the main cable must be terminated with special resistor - coaxial less likely to degrade in outdoor applications like cable TV and internet lines
What cable standard is acceptable for an older cable television link, but should not be used on a cable modem? RG-59
The Windows Store was introduced in Win 8.
What features were available in the initial version of Win7 but not in the latest version of Win10? desktop gadgets Homegroups
Application protocols HTTPS adds security to HTTP and uses a different port, but otherwise is fundamentally the same.
While you can make a radio conversation full-duplex, Wi-Fi is always half-duplex.
A customer reports very slow wireless connection speeds in the new office. What tools should a tech use to troubleshoot the issue?>
WiFi Analyzer (NOT Loopback plug, signal booster, packet sniffer)
Storage Area Network (SAN)
a high-speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other attached servers
Keyboard
a panel of keys that separate a computer or typewriter
Mother Board
a printed circuit board containing the principal components of a computer or other device, with connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted.
AGP
accelerated graphics port
AMD
advanced micro devices
APM
advanced power management
ATA
advanced technology attachment
ATAPI
advanced technology attachment packet interface
BTX
balanced technology extended
What does BTX stand for?
balanced technology extended
BIOS
basic input/output system
Which command can you use to repair your Windows installation?
bootrec
CRT
cathode-ray tube
CPU
central processing unit
cd
change directory
cd
changes from one directoy to another
CABLES AND CONNECTORS BNC connectors
coaxial cable connector, rigid and hard to work with -DS3 WAN links
COMx
communication port (x=port number)
rd
delete directory
Scanner
device for examining reading or monitoring something
DLP
digital light processing
EFS
encrypting file system
EVDO
evolution data optimized or evolution data only
expand
expands compressed updated files
FRU
field replaceable unit
FAT
file allocation table
FTP
file transfer protocol
HDD
hard disk drive
HAL
hardware abstraction layer
HCL
hardware compatibility list
floppy drive
hardware device that reads data storage information
HDMI
high definition media interface
HPFS
high performance file system
HTML
hypertext markup language
HTTP
hypertext transfer protocol
HTTPS
hypertext transfer protocol over secure sockets layer
ISA
industry standard architecture
IR
infrared
ICMP
internet control message protocol
JBOD
just a bunch of disks
Kb
kilobit
LED
light emitting diode
LDAP
lightweight directory access protocol
LPD
line printer daemon
LPT
line printer terminal
LCD
liquid crystal display
Li-on
lithium-ion
LAN
local area network
LBA
logical block addressing
LVD
low voltage differential
A turnstile is an example of what form of physical security?
mantrap
MBR
master boot record
MSDS
material safety data sheet
NAC
network access control
NAT
network address translation
NFS
network file system
NIC
network interface card
NetBEUI
networked basic input/output system extended user interface
OS
operating system
OCR
optical character recognition
PATA
parallel advanced technology attachment
a tech needs to quickly destroy data on several hard drives that are not longer wanted. What is the most effective method?
physical destruction
PROM
programmable read-only memory
PKI
public key infrastructure
ROM
read only memory
Joe, a user, returned yesterday from a trip where he utilized the GPS function of his mobile device. He now notices the battery is rapidly draining. Which of the following can Joe MOST likely do to resolve the issue without a loss of data?
readjust the location settings (NOT restart the mobile device, update the device's firmware, uninstall the GPS-enabled app)
RTC
real-time clock
RS-232 or RS-232C
recommended standard 232
RMA
returned materials authorization
RIP
routing information protocol
An engineer working with large detailed CAD files notices over time that the workstation is taking significantly longer to open files that used to launch quickly. Other applications work fine, and the engineer confirms all of the data has been backed up the night before. A technician determines that the workstation is about two years old. Which of the following would be the technician's FIRST step in troubleshooting the problem?
run defrag on the hard drive (Not remove and reinstall CAD software, replace the hard drive or restore CAD files from backup)
A manager suspects a user has obtained movies protected by copyright using a torrent client. An incident response technician responds and verifies the user has indeed been violating company policy. Which of the following would be the next BEST step for this technician to perform?
secure the workstation in a limited access facility (NOT document the incident, purge all policy violating materials, immediately delete all unauthorized materials, reprimand the user and apply a content filter to their profile
A technician troubleshooting a computer finds a faulty video card and needs to replace it. Which of the following safety procedures should be used to prevent damaging the new part?
self ground and handle the new card by the edges (NOT ground the computer and remove jewelry, place the computer on an ESD mat, attach an ESD strap to the new card during handling)
S.M.A.R.T.
self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology
SP
service pack
SPGA
staggered pin grid array
SXGA
super extended graphics array
SVGA
super video graphics array
If you have an application that is not responding and you want to force it to shut down, which system utility can you use?
task manager
A technician is noticing extremely slow performance on a computer and would like to see what application is consuming resources. What tool should the tech use to view the system performance?
task manager (NOT msconfig, event viewer, netmon)
TB
terabyte
NETWORK TESTING TOOLS Cable tester punch down tool loopback plugs toner probes wire strippers crimper
test name four common hardware failures How does the CPU receive data What device has the IRQ with the highest priority What is it important to use ESD precaution what is a resource conflict how is software different from firmware
Pink Port is for the ________________
the Analog microphone audio input (mono or stereo)
expansion bus
the expansion bus runs along the expansion slots
internal bus
the internet bu is part of the integrated circuit inside the CPU
local bus
the local bus connects directly to the CPU and provies communications to high speed devices mounted close to the CPU
memory bus
the memory bus is a bus that connects directly into the memory
TDR
time domain reflectometer
dir
view directory contents
Basic Linux Commands Ls
view list of directories
Ann, a customer, reports that when she occasionally works in the office basement, her smartphone battery drains faster than normal and she has poor cellular reception. Which of the following is the reason for the fast battery drain?
weak signal (NOT UNpaired bluetooth, defective SD card and mailware)
RAM memory slot
what allows computer memory (RAM) to be inserted into the computer. (Depending on the motherboard, there may be two to four memory slots (sometimes more on high-end motherboards) and are what determine the type of RAM used with the computer)
WAN
wide area network
WUXGA
wide ultra extended graphics array
Ribbon Cable
widely used for internal peripheral connections in electronic systems. - In a PC, a 34-wire ribbon connects the floppy drive (if present) to the motherboard. A 40-wire cable connects the IDE (ATA) CD drive, and an 80-wire cable is used for the IDE (ATA) hard disks.
WINS
windows internet name service
WEP
wired equivalent privacy
WAP
wireless application protocol
WIFI
wireless fidelity
WLAN
wireless local area network
WPA
wireless protected access
Will a baby AT fit into the same case as an XT?
yes
ZIF
zero-insertion-force
FAT32
32-bit file allocation table
RDP
3389
how many channels does a DMA controller have?
4
A tech is configuring a SOHO router to ensure network computers can only use secured protocols on the internet. What port should be allowed?
443
HTTPS
443
Interfaces USB 2.0
480 Mb/s -5 meters max
What is the max throughput of USB 2.0?
480 Mbps
Wireless Interfaces & Speeds Infrared
4Mb/s Line of sight, 1 Meter max -laptops, phone, camera
laser printer PROCESS:
5.) Transferring, toner placed on paper from drum 6.) Fusing, heat and pressure to make toner permanent 7.) cleaning, toner off of drum
DNS
53`
AFP
548 or 427
Interfaces USB 3.0
5Gb/s -3 meters max
What is the max number of devices that can be attached to an IEEE 1394 port?
63
What is the data width of PCI-X?
64 bits
DHCP
67, 68
What is the total number of hardware IRQs on an older system?
8
Computer Power SATA Power
8 pin EPS - 12V connector, provides 12V to multiple CPUs PCIe 8 pin & 12 pin- additional power for PCIe adapters
HTTP
80, TCP/UDP
Removable Storage Media
Any type of data storage that can be removed
Transport layer - manages end to end communication between hosts, and breaks application data up into segments sent network
Application layer - allows user level applications to access other layers
A/V
Audio Video
Lime Green Port is for the ____________________
Audio output: (Analog line level audio output, front stereo (speakers or headphones)
Biometric Devices
Authentication tools that use physical characteristics to identify the user. Biometric systems include hand scanners and retinal scanners.
CPU cooling methods - Heat sink - heat pipe - cooling fan - thermal paste - liquid cooler
Diagnosing CPU overheating 1. Leave computer power off for several hours 2. Power up computer and let run for 10 minutes 3. Shut down and enter system BIOS 4. Check recorded temperature settings, if possible. 5. Reboot and let run until shut down. Note all BIOS programs include this settings. 6. Power up and go back into system BIOS 7. Check recorded temperature settings recorded. Significant increase between first and second readings indicates overheating problem
The following are true about bridges - 1. bridges reduce network collisions 2. switches are bridges with more than two ports 3. wireless access points are bridges between Wi-Fi and ethernet networks
Dialup access - uses an anlog modem to connect through traditional voice telephone networks, also called the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or plain old telephone service (POTS).
Display Devices Digital Projectors
Digital Projectors - LCD common, metal-halide lamp
Interfaces DVI
Digital Video Interface -DVI-A: analog -DVI-D: Digital -DVI-I: integrated (digital and analog)
S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format)
Digital audio connector found on many sound cards. Users can connect their computers directly to a 5.1/7.1 speaker system or receiver. S/PDIF comes in both a coaxial and an optical version.
During the POST, an invalid boot disk error or fixed disk error could indicate a hard drive problem.
Direct SSD connections for motherboards: mSATA is found in older computers and M.2 in new ones NVMe M.2 generally outperforms SATA M.2.
A computer was recently infected by malware after a flash drive was plugged in. The user, Ann, indicates she never opened any files or folders from the flash drive. A technician needs to prevent this from occurring in the future. Which of the following would accomplish this?
Disable AutoRun (NOT BitLocker To GO, set strong passwords, disable usermin)
What video interfaces support 3D video?
DisplayPort HDMI 1.3 HDMI 2.0
MAGNETIC HD VS SSD Benefits of SSD - Rugged - no moving parts to wear or break - virtually silent - faster boot and data access - not affected by fragmentation - smaller form factors available
Hybrid Drives - a hybrid drive is a magnetic hard drive with flash memory chips added to it - the flash memory chips act as a buffer for OS and application files, allowing the system to boot up and start applications faster - in practice, hybrid drives often give little performance benefit over hard drives, so you might be better off using both SSD and HDD separately.
Drive Connection - Serial AT Attachment (SATA) connections are most common for modern hard drives on newer computers - Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) connections are most common on old computers - Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) connections might be found in high end severs, specialized workstations and older Apple hardware
IDE Hard Drive Connections - power connection slot - jumper - IDE data interface connection slot
IPv6 address scopes Loopback- ::1/128 returns to the same interface. Equivalent to 127.0.0.1/8 in IPv4 Link-local- usable on the local segment but not routable Site local - routable within an organization but no on public networks, much like IPv4 private networks Global - routable on public networks such as the internet
IPv6 Migration IPv6 and IPv4 do not directly interfere with each other; any host or router can simultaneouslyuse IPv4 and IPv6 in what's called Dual-stack mode Every decice between your system and the remote destination also must support the same protocol you're using, you're probably still going to be using IPv4 for some time to come, and configuring systems to use both addresses Other options are available, but require more centralized network configuration Gateway routers can be configured to use translation or tunneling, ways to join IPv6 systems across a larger IPv4 network
IPv6 address Scopes: - link local - site local - global
IPv6 address Types: Unicast addresses - correspond to one host Multicast addresses - correspond to defined group of hosts Anycast addresses - correspond to defined group of hosts, but packet goes only to the nearest host
Optical Drive Read/Write Error Troubleshooting - Verify using optical disc type supported by the drive - Clean drive with lens cleaner and compressed air - examine log files for error messages - for write-only errors: - try using write-only disc - attempt to write using lower available write speed - verify buffer underrun feature is enabled - remove and reinstall burning software
Optical Drive Not Recognized: - verify there is power to drive - reseat all cable connections - look on manuf. website for updated firmware, drivers or other software - for internal IDE drives, verify jumpers are in correct position - verify drive has been not disabled in BIOS/UEFI - Examine log files for error messages - Reinstall driver
Optical Media multimode transreceivers are less expensive than single-mode fiber
Optical Media Single mode works over long distances than multimode
Optical Fiber Connectors - joining two optical fibers is more complicated than joining two electrical cables - not only do the cores need to ber perfectly alighed, but they need to be cut and polished with a very smooth surface to make sure the light isn't disrupted or reflected. - they need to be permanently spliced together or held securely in place. - Most optical connectors use a FERRULE, a rigid cylinder that fits over the end of the cable FERRULES can be made out of plastic, ceramic, or stainless steel; a pair of optical connectors works by pushing the ferrules together in tight alignment
Optical connection troubleshooting - attenuation - bad cable or connector - dirty connector - bend radius limitation - mismatched connection - mismatched wavelength - mismatched fiber type - network hardware failure
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)
Optical disc format that provides for 4-17 GB of video or data storage.
Optical Drive Connections - internal optical drives can connect to your PC via an IDE or SATA connection just like a hard drive - laptops use a slim ATAPI interface or SATA connection - The slim ATAPI connector is a 50 pin connection with power incorporated into the pins of the connector - external optical drives are connected to the computer via USB 2.0 or higher, mini-USB, FireWire or eSATA port - power comes from a wall outlet or the USB port
Optical drive issues: 1. Read/write errors 2. Drive not recognized by the OS 3. Drive does not eject a disc using either the software eject or the eject button on the drive
Storage Devices
Optical storage - Small bumps are written to disc with laser
OLED
Organic Light Emitting Diode
What connector type is square-bodied with a single fiber? SC
IPv6 uses a 128 bit address
What IRQ setting is used for COM2?
IRQ 3
What IRQ setting is used for COM 1?
IRQ 4?
Explain how IRQ assignments can be shared
IRQ assighments can be shared successfully if the two devices sharing the assignment are not used simultaneously
Terrestrial Wireless - fixed wireless so named since it is meant for fixed locations like residences or businesses rather than mobile devices - some terrestrial wireless technologies have speeds competitive with modern wired service, but in practice effective speed is heavily dependent on distance to the base station and the number of customers sharing a transmission band - especially popular in placed where wired infrastructure is lacking and would be expensive to deploy
ISP Troubleshooting interface errors - configuration problems with individual host or router interfaces - try multiple devices, or different interfaces on same device DNS errors - Check DNS setrings or try a public Router errors - make sure routers configured to find correct default route to WAN. Interference - check outdoor wiring equipment for damage by weather, construction or animals Policy-based - security policy of local network or ISP can cause what looiks like network problem - Might require controlling network use or switching to higher-capacity plan
Micro ATX smaller than a ATX motherboard - limited expansion slots Backward compatibility - similar mounting points - similar power Very popular form factor - actively manu as of 2015
ITX form factor a series of low power motherboards - developed in 2001 mini-ITX is screw compatible with ATX and microATX - fits almost any enclosure small form factor users - single purpose computing
You can't just send to an IP address: you need a MAC address address for your NIC to use
In IPv4 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to find the physical address corresponding to a local IP address; in IPv6, the similar Neightbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) is used.
Second Step of USB Device Installation
Connect the USB Device to the system.
What is the fastest way for a user to synch data between an iPhone and a work PC?
Connect the iPhone's USB cable and use iTunes.
Chipsets Northbridge
Connects the CPU to the memory and high speed graphics Card (PCIe or AGP)
Chipsets Southbridge
Connects the PIC interface slots, USB, ethernet, IDE, BIOS, Onboard graphics -Serial I/O- serial port, parallel port, floppy disk, keyboard, Mouse
Flash Card
Small, portable storage device that requires no power to maintain the data.
Motherboards Micro ATX
Smaller ATX motherboard -backwards compatible -similar power connectors to ATX -Will mount in an ATX case
USB 3.0
SuperSpeed 5 Gbps. (blue)
USB 3.1
SuperSpeed+ 10 Gbps, also referred to as Gen 2. (teal)
Smart TV
Television containing an embedded computer that enables you to browse the web, stream video from online media services, listen to Internet radio, communicate with others on social media sites, play online games, and more - all while watching a television show.
TKIP
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
A user states he is unable to use his Android after updating the OS. Joe is in a hurry and would like a quick solution that would most likely fix the issue. What method could he use?
Perform a hard reset. (NOT initiate a factory reset, remote the MicroSD card, rollback the OS update)
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect used to be the most common expansion slot standard for use on motherboards. It is the successor to the older ISA standard. It is used to expand the capabilities of a computer.
End to End communications - When you connect to a website your browser and the web server are both working at the Application layer, but the network between uses the Network interface layer. - This means the data, at the least, has to go completely down the stack and then completely backup.
The end to end principle has two points: - Transitions between layers should be as close to the end points as possible - Devices between the end pointgs should operatge on the lowest layer possible
Expansion Slots and Bus Speeds PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect -32 and 64 bit bus length -32 bit= 32 lines of communication 64 bit = 64 lines of communication -parallel bus = all bit are transferred at once -32 bit slots are shorter
PCIe
Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe or PCI-E) is a serial expansion bus standard for connecting a computer to one or more peripheral devices.
Connectivity: Network Components - Node - Host - media - data - device
Physical v. logical networks - Almost every aspect of a network can be divided into hardware and software - the physical network is the network of interface cards, network hardware, cables, etc. - The logical network is the information carried by the physical network and the paths the information follows - it is the network as seen by the computers that use it
There are two ways to get a new version of Windows onto a computer: -in-place upgrade: a process during which you install a version of Windows that's newer than the version currently on the computer -Clean installation: a process during which th enew OS is installed on a comp0uter and none of the files or settings is retained
Primary Types 1. Primary: create storage area on hard disk that contains one file system 2. Extended: Extend number of partitions on hard disk beyond MBR limit of four 3. Logical: create multiple partitions within extended partition
Impact Printers
Print head - moves back and forth, ribbon in between head & paper Ribbon - made of fabric, easy to replace
Print to file
Print to file - basically saving to file -can only be read by certain program
Print to image
Print to image - letter imaging or sharing, not integrated in OS
INKJET PRINTERS Printhead
Printhead- integrated into the cartridges, some not
laser printer Separation pads
Separation pads - pulls just top sheet of paper
SAS
Serial Attached SCSI
The downside of parallel communication is the loss of circuit length and throughput - how far the signal can travel and the amount of data moved per unit of time, respectively - due to the careful synchronization of separate lines, the speed of which must be controlled to limit skewing the arrival of the individual signals at the receiving end.
Serial examples are Serial ATA (SATA), Universal Serial Bus (USB), IEEE 1394/FireWire, Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) and SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) Parallel examples include Parallel SCSI (small computer interface), Parallel ATA or PATA
Always check where the leading edge of paper is when troubleshooting paper jams, because it can indicate which parinter part is causing the jam
The photoconductive drum is in a laser printer is charged negatively, and loses its charge when light hits it.
A technician opens a customer's computer and sees large amounts of accumulated dust. Which of the following is the BEST method of removing the dust from the computer?
Use compressed air to free the dust from the components and remove it with an ESD vacuum (NOT dampen an ESD cloth with denatured alchohol and use it to gently wipe the dust away, use a shop vacuum with enough power to ensure all dust has been removed, remove as much dust as possible by hand and use compressed air to blow the rest out)
Internet Properties Tabs
When troubleshooting network connectivity in Windows Firewall, which option do you use to determine if a chance you made is affecting connecivity? Restore Defaults is the answer.
AERO interface was included in Vista and Win7.
Windows 8 and 8.1 product lines switched to the Metro UI.
How do you provide 225 watts of power to a PCIe expansion card?
You combine the PCIe splot power with a PCIe 8-pin power connector
Power Supply Removal 1. Power down 2. unplug power cable from wall outlet 3. Unplug all cables from the PC chassis, starting wtih the power cable 4. Open computer chassis 5. Detach all power connectors from internal components and motherboard 6. Remove screws holding PSU in place 7. Pull out old PSU, wires and connectors
You have calculated the combined wattage needed by all the components in your system is 500 watts. What wattage PSU should you look for? 1,000 watts
A benefit of Solid State Drives over magnetic hard drives is that has a faster boot and access speeds
You need the jumpers IDE and Parallel SCSI before installing a hard drive
Printer Technologies You want to output documents containing mixed text and graphics, with precise formatting that will look the same under any device or OS. Choose print to PDF for the best virtual printer technologies.
You need to replace a receipt printer for the point of sale unit at a company retail location. Use the THERMAL printer technology.
what is a field replacement unit?
a field replacement unit is any major part of a computer system that would be completely replaced on site rather than repaired in the field
An end user calls the company IT service desk to report an inability to open encrypted emails on a mobile device. What could bethe possible cause?
a valid certificate suitable for S/MIME is not installed (NOT emails rreceived by the user lack suitable digitial signatures. SSL/TLS certificates stored on the device are expired the sender did not have the addressess's public certificate)
ARP
address resolution protocol
ATX
advanced technology extended
South Bridge
an IC on the motherboard responsible for the hard drive controller, I/O controller and integrated hardware. Integrated hardware can include the sound card and video card if on the motherboard, USB, PCI, ISA, IDE, BIOS, and Ethernet.
A user notices the social media apps are constantly updated with the user's precise location. The user is worried about privacy and would like to keep this information from being broadcast online. Which of the following features should the user adjust in order to accomplish this?
geotracking (NOT Filtering, WIFI, tethering)
Gb
gigabit
GB
gigabyte
GHz
gigahertz
GPS
global positioning system
GSM
global system for mobile communications
A technician is tasked with analyzing settings managed by Microsoft Group Policy configuration. The tech wants to print a report to an HTML file for offline review. What Windows command line tools would allow the tech to accomplish this task?
gpresult
A PC technician has been asked to verify certain Group Policies applied on a workstation. What command should be run on the workstation?
gpresult (NOT gpupdate)
A PC technician notices that the printers deployed via a new Group Policy are not showing up on the workstation. What commands should be run on the PC?
gpupdate
GUI
graphical user interface
GDI
graphics device interface
What would a tech use to search for a specific string within a file name?
grep (NOT chmod, wget, sudo)
What can cause a kernel panic error to occur on a Mac computer?
hardware or software failure
I/O
input/output
A technician is trying to install Windows on a computer. The install process reports there are no storage devices available, but the BIOS shows a hard drive is installed. WHat does the tech need to do?
install third party drivers
IDE
integrated drive electronics
ISDN
integrated services digital network
ICR
intelligent character recognition
IMAP
internet mail access protocol
IPP
internet printing protocol
IP
internet protocol
IPCONFIG
internet protocol configuration
IPSEC
internet protocol security
ISP
internet service provider
IRQ
interrupt request
Motherboard is the spine of the computer
on the system board (motherboard) you will find the CPU, underlying circuitry, expansion slots,video components, random access memory (RAM) slots, and a variety of other chips.
Why it is important to secure Personal Identifiable Information (PII)?
so sensitive information, such as social security numbers, is not stolen. (NOT so phishing attacks are not launched against employees or the organization, so sensitive, such as corporate passwords, is not stolen, so man in the middle attacks are not launched against the organization.
Ann, an end user, receives a call from someone claiming to be from the help desk and asking for her username and password to prevent her email box from being deleted immediately. Which of the following BEST describes this type of attack?
social engineering
Ann, an executive, reports that she received a call from someone asking for information about her email account. Which of the following type of potential security threats does this scenario describe?
social engineering
You have a 5.1 surround sound compatible sound card. You have a pair of left-right rear speakers and a front center speaker. What feature would you use to take the sound designed for 5.1 surround-sound and play it on your three speakers?
speaker phantoming
SRAM
static random access memory
SAN
storage area network
ST
straight tip
SC
subscription channel
What commands are used from a Linux command line interface to elevate a user's access level to administrative priviledge?
sudo su
SDRAM
synchronous dynamic random access memory
SGRAM
synchronous graphics random access memory
What are the three alternate names used for motherboard?
system board main board planar board
SFC
system file checker
An admin has a new workstation that has been loaded with the WinOS and configured with the proper IP settings. TRhe workstation needs to be added to the corporation's domain. What utility will the admin access to configure this setting?
system properties
Frequency
number of cycles/ second (hertz)
An office manager mistakenly uninstalled a valuable application. What utility will allow the manager to correct this issue?
system restore (NOT Computer management, Disk Management, System Configuration)
What security thread happens when another person enters a secured area with an authorized person?
tailgating
A tech suspects that a computer issue is caused by a failed NIC. Following the troubleshooting theory, which is the next step the tech should take?
test the theory to determine cause (NOT identify the problem, document findings, actions and outcome, verify full system functionality, establish a theory of probable cause)
What is the major difference between an NLX and an LPX form factor?
the LPX form factor features a bus riser card near the center of the motherboard. The NLX features a bus riser card at the end of the motherboard.
Control bus
the control bus allows signal transmissions to active devices such as disk drives and modems
data bus
the data bus moves data between the components
address bus
the memory bus is a bus that connects directly to the memory
CABLES AND CONNECTORS F connector
used on coax
An IT manager needs to reimage 30 computers in a lab. The image has already been created and is ready to be deployed via the network. Which of the following tasks should be completed FIRST?
Boot from PXE (NOT install Windows using DVD, reboot computers with USB drive, Press F8 while rebooting)
Digital Camera
Camera that records and stores digital images
CNR
Communications and Networking Riser
What Win OS capability allows modern WIndows versions to run applications written for older versions natively?
Compatibility mode (NOT MS Virtual PC, Hyper-V, virtual XP mode)
A user states that when typing in directions on a navigation website, the map is not viewable in a newer web browser. The tech runs updates to Java, but i still unable to view the map. The tech should change which Internet Options?
Compatibility view
CAPTCHA
Completely Automated Public Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart
A user needs to shrink the partition size of a hard drive encrypted with BitLocker. What is the best option to modify the size of the partition?
Computer Management (NOT Credential Manager, Device Manager, TPM Manager)
Sound Cards
Computer components that allow computers to play or record sound. Uses sampling (measured in KHz) where 11 KHz is low quality and 192 KHz is ultra-high quality.
LIGHTNING is the device connector is proprietary and uses an authentication chip to prevent unauthorized manufacturing
Computer manuf. allow you to add additional functionality to your comuter through expansion cards. You are able compare and contrast the various physical and short-range wireless expansion interfaces.
laser printer Duplexing Assembly
Duplexing Assembly - prints to both sides of paper
RAM DRAM
Dynamic RAM -needs constant refreshing or memory disappears - can be stored anywhere and accessed directly
RAM EEPROM
EEPROM - Electrically Erasable PROM (Flash memory, SSD)
What Windows feature would be used to encrypt a single file or folder?
EFS
a tech is attempting to manually migrate a user's profile from one WinPC to another. Files in the user's My Documents folder cannot be copied. Some files in question have green letters in the filenames. What file system is causing this to occur?
EFS (not ExFat, Compressed, NTFS)
RAM EPROM
EPROM - Erasable PROM, write/erase/write again
Server Applications -Authentication server -DHCP server -DNS server -Endpoint management server -File server -Mail server -print server -proxy server -syslog server -web server
Remote Access Protocols -Telnet -SSH -RDP -VNC -HTTP -SNMP
A user is experiencing a software application error. The user contacts a technician for support. Which of the following will allow the user to issue an invitation to the technician in this scenario? A. Remote desktop B. Remote assistance C. telnet D. FTP
Remote assistance
mobile device power issues - battery is old or damaged - plug or port where charging unit connects is broken - internal curcuitry between charging unit plug and battery failed
Replacing the DC Power Jack - Power down and unplug the computer - remove the battery - dissemble the laptop and remove the motherboard - desolder the contacts security the DC jack - pull the DC jack pins from the motherboard - clean the power jack terminals - apply a fresh coat of solder to the terminals - apply a fresh coat of solder to the new power jack's pins - slide the power jack ins into the - solder all power jack contacts - assemble the device
In the Six-Step Troubleshooting Process step 1: identify the problem step 2: establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious) step 3: test the theory to determine the cause step 4: establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the solution step 5: verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventative measures step 6: document findings, actions and outcomes
TOOLS: WORKING INSIDE THE PC Opening the case - Different manuf have different cases access mechanism - protect your system against ESD Common tasks - connecting internal and external data cables * recheck periodically; can work loose over time - installing a PCI card (video or sound card) - replacing the power supply - replacing the hard drive - replacing the CD/DVD Rom - upgrading memory - installing a USB support
LASER PRINTING PROCESS 1. Cleaning: a. Excess toner removal b. lubrication 2. Charging 3. Exposing 4. Developing 5. Transferring 6. Fusing
TRANSFER BELTS 1. Color laser printers use multiple colored toner cartridges, typically cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK), instead of the single black toner cartridge a monochrome laser printer uses 2. Because the printer is transferring toner from multiple cartridges, slight misalignments (called registration errors) between the application of different colors onto the drum can occur. 3. This can cause color fringing, blurring or streaking along the edges of the printed colors.
RESOLVING ISSUES WITH NEWLY INSTALLED MEMORY 1. Verify modules are seated correctly: - remove and reinstall any new modules - verify the support arms lock 2. Verify modules installed in correct memory slots 3. Try uninstalling new modules and re-installing old ones. If probhlem goes away with old modules: - verify that memory is correct for motherboard - review motherboard manufacturer Website for BIOS updates - trying flashing BIOS to support new memory
TROUBLESHOOTING MEMORY PROBLEMS 1. Verify power supply is functioning properly 2. Verify system is not overheat 3. Clean memory module edge connectors and slots: - remove memory modules - clean edge connectors with soft cloth or contact cleaner - use compressed air or computer vacuujm to remove dust and debris from slots - reinsert clean modules 4. Swap memory modules one at a time with module known to be good. 5. If BIOS/UEFI includes hardware diagnostic feature, run memory check 6. Run third-party programs to check for problems with hardware
Bit Rate
The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.
VM
Virtual Machine
PPP
point-to-point protocol
PPTP
point-to-point tunneling protocol
URL
uniform resource locator
UPS
uninterruptible power supply
UART
universal asynchronous receiver transmitter
UNC
universal naming convention
USB
universal serial bus
UTP
unshielded twisted pair
apt-get
updating, upgrading or installing packages.
BIOS
-The software (firmware) used to start your computer -BIOS chip is on motherboard -Initial hardware check (ram, cpu,) POST
What is the data width of PCI?
32 bits
Motherboard ATX
- Advanced technology Extended -20 or 24 pin power connector -May see an addition 4 or 8 pin connector
*Wireless Interfaces & Speeds Bluetooth
- Class 1 - industrial, 100m range - Class 2 - mobile devices, 10m range - Class 3 - Short range use, 1 m range - Version 1.2 - 1Mb/s -Version 2.0 + EDR (Enh
Impact Printers
- Dot Matrix- printhead has pins that press against paper & mark -good for carbon copies, multiple copies
RAM DDR
- Double data rate, twice as fast as SDR -184 pins
Storage Devices USB Flash Drives
- EEPROM - electrically erasable programmable ROM Nonvolatile- loss of power does not erase data Limited number of writes, easy to damage
Understanding PC Memory ECC Memory
- Error correcting code memory -Detects and fixes errors, not used by all systems -Even parity, parity bit makes an even number
Display Devices LCD displays
- Liquid Crystal Display -Light shines through liquid crystals
RAID RAID 1
- Mirroring - exact duplicate of data across 2 or more drives redundancy , not speed
SLI
- Scalable link interface - System level integration - Scanline interleave mode
Storage Devices DVD-ROM
- Single layer- 4.7 GB -Dual layer - 8.5 gb
RAM Slots SO-DIMM
- Small outline Dual Inline Memory Module -used in laptops -DDR & DDR2 -200 pins - DDR3 204 pins
RAID RAID 0
- Striping- data files split between 2 or more drives High performance, no redundancy,one bad drive= data loss
UEFI BIOS
-Implemented by manufacturers -Boot from large GPT disks (>2.2TB) -Pre-boot has it's own OS -Able to connect remotely
Motherboards ITX
-Series of smaller motherboards -screws compatible with atx and micro atx
RAM SDR SDRAM
-Single data rate Synchronous DRAM -synchronized with clock cycles (very slow) -168 pins
Storage Devices Blu-ray
-Single layer -25GB -Dual layer - 50GB
Understanding PC Memory Registered Memory
-Used on servers, buffer zone
UDF
-User defined functions -Universal Disk Format -Universal Data Format
*Wireless Interfaces & Speeds Bluetooth
-Version 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) - 3 Mb/s -Version 3.0 + High speed - 24 Mb/s -Version 4.0 - low power spec- 24 Mb/s
Expansion Slots and Bus Speeds Mini PCI and PCIe mini
-made for laptops -wifi cards
Installing BIOS Upgrades Identifying BIOS Version
-start up screen -msinfo32 (windows)
What file format does Android use for application installation?
.apk (NOT .api)
You're placing multiple overlapping Wi-Fi hotspots in your US office. What channels can you use to avoid overlap?
1, 6 and 11
When troubleshooting failure to boot and "missing operating system" error messages, which steps would you take?
1. Verify the BIOS/UEFI that the computer is booting to hard disk or device with a system partition 2. Use MSCONFIG to choose different types of startups to help isolate which files or services might be causing startup problems
Troubleshooting a Blank Laptop Display
1. verify laptop to set to internal monitor 2. test graphics card by plugging external monitor into external graphics port 3. switch display mode to external using FN + F# keys 4. If graphics card problem is suspected, prior to replacing card, open case and make sure no connections are loose
Interfaces USB 1.1
1.5 Mb/s - 12 Mb/s -5 meters max
POP3
110
What is the max throughput of USB 1.1?
12 Mbps
FAT12
12-bit file allocation table
A tech has just upgraded RAM on a user's workstation from 4GB to 8GB. The tech now wants to adjust the page file size on the system to the recommend MS settings. What should be entered for the "Min" portion of the page file setting if using these best practices.
12288MB
Which has the highest data transfer rate: USB or IEEE 1394?
1394
IMAP
143
All computer processing is done by the CPU and it is the most important element of a computer with regards to computing power. You are able to identify and install various types of CPUs, apply appropriate cooling methods, and troubleshoot any overheating issues.
15 pin SATA connector is the power connector type used to provide power to modern hard disk drives.
Computer Power SATA Power
15 pin power connector, 3.3V (rare), 5V and 12V Molex - provides 12V and 5V.......4 pins 4 pin ATX - 12V (ATXV12, P4, or cpu label)
What is the total number of hardware IRQs on a modern system?
16
FAT16
16-bit file allocation table
SNMP`
161
Which IRQ has the highest priority?
2
FTP
20 (data) 21 (control)
Computer Power Pc power connectors
20 and 24 pin main power -provides 3.3V, 5V, and 12V -20 pin for original ATX, 24 pin added for PCIe -24 pin will fit 20 pin mobo
SSH
22
Telnet
23
SMTP
25
Transport Protocols: which port is important for sending email?
25
802.11a
802.11a 5 Ghz 54Mb/s 120 meters
802.11ac
802.11ac 5 Ghz 693 Gb/s (8 channels 866.7 Mb/s) 250 meters
802.11b
802.11b 2.4 Ghz 11 Mb/s 140 meters
802.11g
802.11g 2.4 Ghz 54 Mb/s 140 meters
802.11n
802.11n 2.4 Ghz or 5Ghz 600 Mb/s (4 channels 150Mb/s) 250 meters
DB-9
9 pin D shell connector
A technician is called into the office during a thunderstorm. Users are reporting that machines are intermittently powering off. What will prevent user data loss?
A UPS (NOT Auto Savage, A Surge protector, an ESD mat)
A USB uses a "speak when spoken to" protocol; peripherals cannot communicate with the host unless the host specifically requests communication. A Firewire device can communicate with any other node at any time, subject to network conditions.
A USB network relies on a single host at the top of the tree to control the network. In A FireWire network, any capable node can control the network.
Webcam
A camera that broadcast images through the Internet through a computer or web cell phone.
Set-Top Box
A device that makes a regular TV function as a smart TV.
MIDI Controller
A device which only sends MIDI messages. Does not generate any audio content by itself.
VIRTUALIZATION A coworker is exploring virtualization for some development projects, and is trying to decide between a bare metal hypervisor and a hosted one. What advice should you give?
A hosted hypervisor will be easier to set up and maintain if you are new to virtualization Bare metal hypervisors can run more VMs on the same hardware
Touch Screens
A monitor with some type of sensing device across its surface that detects the location and duration of contact, usually by a finger or stylus.
A MS Defender Security Center, replacing the security=themed Action Center.
A new Action Center on the taskbar, used for quick settings and centralized notifications
Thunderbolt
A port that transmits both video and data on the same port and cable. The port is shaped the same as the DisplayPort and is compatible with DisplayPort devices. Version 1 supports speeds of 10 Gbps. Version 2 supports speeds of up to 20 Gbps.
Camcorder
A portable camera/recorder combination.
Make sure you get driver updates to ensure WinOS is functioning optimally.
A tech will use REMOTE DESKTOP to log into a user's computer to fix the user's corrupt profile.
A tech has been tasked with limiting the users who can connect to a network printer located centrally within an office environment. What tol would be the best to utilize to achieve this goal?
ACL (not VPN, RDP, DLP)
Installing Applications - Ensure software is compatible with the computer's hardware and software - research how the applications may affect functionality or security on the system - make sure you meet icensing requirements, including online activation or license keys - make sure you have necessary network access - research installation options to ensure the software is configured correctly - after installation, perform configuration or activation task
About Scripts - most applications operate as compiled executible programs that run directly on top of the OS and interface with various services, libraries and application programming interfaces (APIs) installed on the computer. - By contrast, a script is a soft of program that runs in a more limited run-time environment, such as the OS comand line shell or a scrpting engine within some application like an office suite or web browser
ACPI
Advance Confirguration Power Interface
A tech is tasked with enabling TLS version 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 on a client IE browser. What Internet Option Tab should the tech look to at to enable the these TLS settings?
Advanced
ATA
Advanced Technology Attachment connecting storage devices within a computer. allows hard disks and CD-ROMs to be internally connected to the motherboard and perform basic input/output functions. (we have two - one to hard drive, one to cd)
AHCI
Advanced host controller interface
When should you align the print heads on your inket printer?
After replacing an ink cartridge
RAM DDRs
All 3 DDRs not backwards compatible, notches are off
Bit Depth
Amount of digital information taken within each individual sample
PCI is the fastest bus system
An ISA adapter card will fit into an EISA slot
Keyboard
An input device that enters data with letters, numbers, symbols, and special function keys.
WIFI communication can only happen at speeds supported by both devices
An older device on a newer network will still only use its original speed even if other devices are faster
EULA governs software ownership rights and what the purchaser (end user) may do with what he or she has purchased.
Applications and scripting A variable defined as a "string" data type
ADSL
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
An end-user reports that the PC he uses periodically logs off his user account and displays a message that updates that being installed. What is the most likely caused of this issue?
Automatic Windows Update is enabled on the machine.
Aspect Ratio - aspect ratio is the measurement descrihbing the width and height ratio of an image on screen, expressed in width: height format - for example "wide screen" HDTV uses a 16:9 aspect ratio, ao an HDTV screen is 16 units wide and 9 units tall, or almost twice as wide as it is long
BRIGHTNESS - Brightness is a measurement of the intensity of the energy output of a visible light source with pure white having the max brightness and pure black the min brightness. - setting the screen brightness to a high level is useful only when you are viewing the screen under high ambient lighting - high brightness drains the battery power on a laptop quickly, whjich is why most laptops have a power setting that dims the display automatically when on battery power For a project, "brightness" has the additional meaning of total light output measured in LUMENS
Front Side Bus (FSB) - a set of signal pathways connecting the CPU and the NorthBridge
Back-side Bus (BSB) - if present, is a set of signal pathways that connects the CPU and L2 or L3 Cache
RAM - view and configure memory and settings Hard drive/SSD - hard drive settings Optical drive - enable/disable CPU - CPU types
Built in Diagnostics Part of the BIOS - always available Run from the BIOS menu - no additional media or software required Focused on hardware checks - doesn't touch the OS
Expansion Slots and Bus Speeds
Bus width - How much traffic can pass (throughput) Clock Speed -measures in Hertz (1 MHz = megahertz = 1 million cycles/second.........1Ghz= 1000MHz)
Display Devices CCFL
CCFL - Cold cathode fluorescent Lamp- high V, thicker, converts power
CD-R (Recordable)
CDs that can be recorded to one time.
CD-RW (Rewritable)
CDs that can be written to and updated.
Printer and multifunction print device sharing -network -short-range wireless -shared printer
CLOUD AND REMOTE PRINTING Services such as Google's Cloud Print use any internet-connected printer
CLOUD SERVICES on-demand self-service: -computing resources must be accessible unilaterally and automatically Broad network access -resources available in standard format that promotes wide variety of client platforms Resource pooling - resources pooled and share between multiple customers in multi-tenant fashion Rapid elastricitiy -resources can be quickly and automatically allocated or released to meet demand Measured service -resources are in some way measured and metered, so that customer can be billed appropriately
CLOUD DEPLOYMENT Public: -available to general public Private accessible only to single organization, though shared among multiple divisions or business units Community shared between many organizations with common concerns and needs Hybrid combination of public, private, and community cloud characteristics under a common hardware or software infrastructure
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range wireless interface is used with smartphone technology for point of sale payments
COMMON EXPANSION CARDS Video functions - video out/video capture/TV tuner Network interface - ethernet/WIFi/cell/dialup modem Peripheral interface - USB/Thunderbolt/Bluetooth Storage - SATA/eSATA/IDE/SCSI Audio/Sound
Troubleshoot a Mobile Device 1. Verify feature has not been disabled 2 verify connectivity - wifi, Bluetooth GPS/Location services 3. Reset the device for slow or frozen apps 4. Repair or remove specific app causing problems 5. Search internet for a resolution to your specific issue 6. If all else fails, hard reset.
COMPLETE A SOFT RESET can resolve many issues, such as slow performance a "stuck" application, or a non-functioning feature.
A customer is reporting a burning smell coming from a CRT monitor. Which of the following should be taken into consideration before attempting to resolve the customers issue?
CRT monitors should be serviced by qualified personnel (NOT disconnect power before inspecting the CRT power supply, have compressed air available to clear out the debris, wear safety googles to protect from the cathodes)
WIFI NETWORK FREQUENCIES 2.4 industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band - good indoor penetration -up to 14 channels -channel overlap can cause interference 5GH U-NIII band -more expensive -shorter range -23 non-overlapping channels with less interference 60GHz millimeter wave band - support very high data rate -typically don't penetrate walls VHF and UHF freqencies -used by television stations, now targeted for WiFi use -Will use white space that won't interfere wtih TV -technology and legal regulations being sorted out
CURRENT WIFI STANDARDS 802.11g -speeds up to 54MBps over the 2.4GHz band 802.11n -speeds up 600 Mbps over 2 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band -introduced MIMO and wider 40MHz channels via channel bonding 802.11ac - speeds up to 6.93 Gbps in the 5Ghz band -uses still-wider 80MHz channels (VHT), more MIMO antennas, and beamforming technology
Sampling
Capturing sound waves in electronic format.
INKJET PRINTERS Cartridge and belt
Cartridge and belt- moves cartridges over paper
Motherboard standard size/sets: ATX ITX
Case Sizes Full Tower Mid Tower mini tower slim line small form factor
Wireless Internet access Cellular data: - mobile phones and some other uses Terrestrial wireless - technologies using ground-based broadcasts Satellite Internet - satellites for data connections
Cellular Generations 1G - original analog cell networks in 80s and 90s. No longer available 2G - early digital cell networks, first to include data capabilities. Shut down in 2017 3G - comply with IMT-2000 specification created by ITU. Designed from start for mobile data networks 4G LTE - long term evolution standards being used to transition existing 3G networks to newer, faster standards 5G - any of a series of emerging new technologies for high speed mobile connections up to 20 Gbps
CFS
Central File System, Common File System, Command File System
CPU
Central Processing Unit = the brain of your computer. It handles all the instructions you give your computer
Ann, a user, has a phablet for personal and work usage. She finds that her phablet starts to exhibit slow performance after a couple of hours and that the problem worsens as the day goes by. If Ann restarts the device, it works fine for a couple of hours and then starts to run slow again. Which of the following is the BEST action to troubleshoot this problem?
Check running apps (NOT Reset to factory default, disable cloud synching, replace the device's battery)
A small office experiences frequent power outages. Upon rebooting the Windows workstation after each power outage, users report the inability to open shared files. What must a tech configure to resolve this issue in the future?
Check the "Reconnect at logon" checkbox for the mapped network drive
A tech is performing a clean install of Windows on a new hard drive from a factory DVD, but the computer does not recognize the optical disc. A "non system disk or disk error" is observed. What should the tech do first?
Check the BIOS setting
To view sound errors, use the DirectX diagnostic utility.
Combination I/0 devices: - audio headsets - KVM switches - set top boxes - smart TVs - touchscreen displays - MIDI instruments
Common Hard Disk Configurations Primary Partition - this is a bootable partition. One primary partition can be made active.
Common Hard Disk Configurations Extended Partition - is made from the free space on a hard disk and can be broken down into smaller logical drives. There can only be one of these per hard disk
Common Hard Disk Configurations Logical drive - a primary partition or portions of an extended partition that are assigned a drive letter
Common Hard Disk Configurations Volume - this is a disk or part of a disk that is combined with space from the same or another disk to create one larger volume. This volume can be formatted and assigned a drive letter like a logical drive but can span more than one hard disk. A volume set can be extended without starting over, however to make it smaller, the set must be deleted and re-created.
Before beginning any installation, you should always check the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)
Common Hard Disk Configurations: Partition - a portion of a physical hard disk. A partition can nbe primary or extended
CIFS
Common Internet File System
Video Expansion interfaces - VGA - DVI -HDMI - DisplayPort
Common Ports on Sound Card pink: analog mic input Light blue: analog line level input lime green: analog line level output for main stereo signal Black: analog line level output for surround speakers Orange: analog line level output for center channel Optical audio: digital signals supporting stereo audio, and multichannel Dolby Digital and DTS. 5.1 audio surround sound
CRIMM
Continuity Rambus Inline Memory Mode
What kind of communications would be suitable for UDP?
DNS requests online games streaming video
DNS Resolution - Host must be configured with the address of a DNS server or name server - When the host encounters a FQDN that is not already in its DNS cache, it sends a request to its DNS server - In turn, the server checks against its own database of domains and addresses - if it doesn't know, it can contact a higher level server, going as far as the global root servers - finally, the server sends the IP address of the FQDN, and the host adds it to its DNS cache
DHCP by default, WIndows and most other OS acquire IP addresses from a DHCP server When you connect to the network, your computer automatically contacts the DHCP server, and receives all the information it needs to configure its TCP/IP settings Two protocols are in use: DHCPv4 for IPv4 addresews and DHCPv6 for IPv6 addresses
DISPLAY PROJECTORS Advantages of LCD - colors are more accurate - slightly sharper images - produces brighter images
DISPLAY PROJECTORS Advanges of DLP - smaller and more portable - produces deep blacks and higher contrast - less pixilation allows for smoother motion graphics - more reliable, fewer parts to break
Interfaces Thunderbolt
Data and power on same cable, daisy chain up to 6 devices -V1: 10Gb/s per channel, 20Gb/s total -v2: 20Gb/s -v3: 40Gb/s -Copper max: 3 meters -Optical Max: 60 meters
Improved integration with phones and mobile devices.
Deprecated Windows Features GADGETS featured in Vista and Win7 proved to be security risk and were disabled by Win 7 updates. They are not available in later versions. Beginning with Win 8, File History has replaced Backup and Restore. The old utility is still available as "Backup and Restore (Win 7). Its related Shadow Copies function was limited in Win 8, but restored in Win10. In Win8 and later, Media Center and DVD video playback are not longer included. In Win10, Edge has replaced IE as the default browser, but IE remains available for compatibility reasons. The April 2018 Update for Win 10 removed the Homegroup resource sharing feature introduced in Win7.
Address Resolution - IP address resolution -When one host wants to contact another using IP addresses, the process depends on whether they're on the same subnet or not: this is why a host needs to know its own subnet mask - if they are, they can communicate directly without an intervening router - You can't just send to an IP address: you need a MAC address for your NIC to use - In IPv4, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to find the physical address correspond to a local IP address; in IPv6, the similar Neightbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) is used
Domain Name System Top-Level (TLD) - root category of the domin (.com, .edu, .net Domain - represents particular organization Subdomain - optional for categories within organization Hostname - name of specific host within organization or alias
A tech has upgraded four computers and would like to securely repurpose the hard drives for later use. What should the tech do to the drives to prepare them for later use?
Drive wipe
Cortana, a digtal assistant and searcxh tool which responds to both keyboard and voice requests
Edge, a newly desgined web browser replacing the deprecated IE.
A technician has just fixed a user's PC and successfully removed a virus and malware from the machine. What is the LAST thing the tech should do?
Educate the user regarding Internet browsing best practices. (NOT update the antimalware software on the user's PC, schedule scans and run updates, enable system restore and create restore point)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) -HTTP operates on TCP port 80, and itself is an insecure protocol -HTTPS operates on TCP port 443 -HTTPS connections are encrypted using either Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols
Email Protocols Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) - send email from clients to servers - transferring email between servers - never used by clients to receive email from servers Post Office Protocol (POP) -Used by clients to receive email from servers - Never used by clients to receive email from servers Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) -Used by clients to receive email from servers - Never used to send email Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI) -proprietary protocol used by Microsoft Exchange email servers -Both sends and receives email -not usually used on internet, but popular in MS networks
Mobile OS Features -App source - screen orientation (accelerometer/gyroscope) - screen calibration - GPS and geotracking - WiFi calling - Launcher/GUI - Virtual assistant -Emergency notification - mobile payment service
Embedded systems - network appliances - network-enabled devices - media devices - loT -vehicles
A customer's Win7 Home Premium computer displays a stop error and automatically reboots. What system utility can a support tech use to find more information about the cause of the error?
Event Viewer (NOT Action Center, File explorer, Disk management)
What Windows utility would most likely be used to identify system errors?
Event viewer (NOT system restore, security center, Windows defender)
AD HOC or PEER-TO-PEER networks have no WAP: clients communicate directly with each other
Every Wi-Fi access point has a SERVICE SET IDENTIFIER (SSID), a string of up to 32 octets that can be used by clients to identify it.
FAT is a table that an OS maintains in order to map the clusters (the smallest unit of storage) that a file has been stored in. When files are written to a hard disk, the files are stored in one or more clusters that may be spread out all over the hard disk. The table allows Windows to find the "pieces" of your file and reassmble them when you wish to open it.
FAT32 - created to allow more efficient use of hard drive space and allowed for partitions up to 8 GB using 4 KB cluster sizes. In order ot format a drive as FAT32, the "large disk support" must be enabled when starting FDISK. FAT32 is not compatible with older versions of Windows including Windows 95 and NT.
Container File
File containing two or more separate, compressed tracks, typically an audio and a moving picture track. Also known as a wrapper.
On a mobile device, what screen lock is the most secure?
Fingerprint lock
IEEE 1394a
FireWire that runs at 400 Mbps.
IEEE 1394b
FireWire that runs at 800 Mbps.
Why might you change a computer's boot sequence?
Fix an operating system problem using a system recovery disk launch an OS installation from an installation disk or network location switch to a second OS
Troubleshooting overheating: - is the cooling system connected properly? - is there dust on the components? - are all the fans functioning? - is airflow obstructed in any way.
HYPERTHREADING is a CPU feature that simulates two logical processors on one physical processor by using registers to overlap two instruction streams.
A user calls to report their computer is "acting funny" and reboots when they are working. They notice the problem is most often when they attempt to save their work. Which BIOS/UEFI diagnostic tests should you run to look for errors?
Hard disk test memory test
Hard Drive Setup - before a drive can be used by the OS, it must be partitioned into one or more sections which can be used to hold data - individual partition must also be formatted with a file system before it can be accessed by the OS. - The Windows graphical Disk Management utility allows you to set up a hard drive - You can also use the command line tools, diskpart and format, if you prefer.
Hard drive install troubleshooting check to see: - all connections are properly seated - hard drive - motherboard - PSU - Autodetect is enabled in the BIOS/UEFI - Jumpers are set correctly on IDE drives - A bootable disk is available and placed in the BIOS/UEFI boot order - Your BIOS/UEFI support large hard drives
HDMI
High-Definition Multimedia Interface = provides an interface between any audio/video source, such as a set-top box, DVD player, or A/V receiver and an audio and/or video monitor, such as a digital television (DTV), over a single cable. HDMI supports standard, enhanced, or high-definition video, plus multi-channel digital audio on a single cable
Common RAID Failures - Drive failure - controller failure - power issues - software issues - RAID rebuild stress
Hot Swapping - replacing a hard drive, optical drive, or other component with a similar component while the computer or device remains in operation - During a hot swap, the computer's bus or I/0 controller doeswn't recognize that the original device has been removed and replaced with another device. - This "sleight of hand" is provided by a rack or enclosure that holds the device. - Hot swapping is often used to replace a failing or failed drive in a RAID array
Firmware upgrades Firmware - Non-volatile memory and software - Older style ROMs - newer style flash memory Computer BIOS, video adapter, firmware, game console, etc. - improve performance, fix bugs Not usually part of a normal maintenance process - upgrade for a specific reason
Identify current BIOS version May appear when system starts - can be difficult to catch Easier to look in System Information (msinfo32) - version and date details Compare the current to the existing - an upgrade may not be available If possible, get a copy of the current version - always good to have a backup plan
A user calls the helpdesk reporting that when accessing the company portal, it redirects to an unfamiliar website. Wchat steps would the tech take to resolve this issue using best practices?
Identify symptoms, quarantine infected system and create restore point. (NOT quarantine infected system, identify symptoms and create restore point, identify symptom, educate end user and create restore point create restore point, identify symptoms, and quarantine infected system)
A user reports several technicians have been unable to solve a problem and requests that the technician on the phone comes out to fix the problem because the user is unable to work. After the technician has effectively communicated a willingness to help, which of the following is the NEXT step?
Identify the problem (NOT Allow the user to speak with a supervisor, establish a theory, immediately go to user's office)
A user reports browsing the Internet is slow and an icon with a picture of a person with a headset keeps asking them to "click here for help." The user has clicked on the icon to try to resolve the slowness but all that happens is the computer redirects them to a website to purchase software. Which of the following should be performed FIRST to resolve the issue?
Identify the type of malware (NOT create a restore point, Run O/S updates, train the user of malcious software)
USB Standards 1x 2.0 3.x USB on the Go (OTG) for portable devices
Identifying USB host ports Blue USB 3.x ports Black USB 2.x ports
The process of rebuilding a RAID drive from parity data can cause a RAID drive to fail
If you have a RAID implementation with data parity, you need data backups.
Use Netboot was the boot methods which can be used to install Mac OS from a network location?
Image Deployment is an installation type that can be used for identical OS installations to multiple computers.
Which installation type can be used for identical OS installations to multiple computers?
Image deployment. Image deployment is an easy way to deploy custom installations to a large number of computers.
laser printer maging drum
Imaging drum- painted with a laser -picks up toner and transfers to paper
On which printer technology is physical print head wear the biggest concern?
Impact
Configuring thin clients Ensure that the thin client is compatible with your server architecture Install the hardware and connect it to the network Using the administrative interface, connect the thin client to the network create a connection to a compatible server or other system configure optins for the specific protocol
In Mac OS X 10.12 Sierra introduced Siri.
What are the advantages to incorporating the CNR or ACR riser system into a motherboard design?
Incorporating the CNR or ACR riser system into a motherboard design, reduces manufacturing costs and overall space
A support technician is using virtualization software on a Win 7 Enterprise PC to test Win8.1 Enterprise for a future deployment. When operating the Win8.1 VM, performing tasks in the host OS becomes considerably slower. What options may improve performance in the host OS?
Install more physical memory Reduce physical memory allocated to the VM
File System Types 1. FAT and FAT32: File Allocation Table and used on hard disks of older systems and multi-boot computers with an FAT only OS 2. NTFS: NT File system: Windows Vista and newer 3. ExFAT: SD cards 4. CDFS: CD file system-CD ROMs 5. UDF: Unversal Disk Format - DVDs 6. NFS: Network File System - mostly Unix and Linux netrwork clients 7. ext3 and ext4: third extended file system and fourth extended file system - Linux computers
Installation Considerations 1. properly formatted boot drive with correct partitions 2. Driver installation, software, and Windows updates 3. Load alternate third party drivers 4. Workgroup and domain membership 5. Time/date/region and lanaguage settings
A user recently purchased a video card for gaming purposes. The user installed the appropriate drivers and validated they work using vendor-supplied test tools. However, while gaming the speed of the case fans increases, the entire system locks up, and the user must hard boot to restart the computer. What is the most likely cause of this issue?
Insufficient airflow and cooling (NOT Unsupported OS, Unacceptable CPU type and speed, inadequate video RAM amount)
IIS
Internet Information Services
(TCP/IP Layers) \ Network Interface - aka Network Access Layer or Link layer, defines how nodes communicate on local network and adapter level
Internet Layer - controls routing of packets across multiple logical networks
What is a risk of implementing a BYOD policy?
Introducing malware onto the network (NOT DHCP may fail due to incompatibility, differnet encryption technology, higher risk of phishing attacks)
IDS
Intrusion Detection System
A computer you're evaluating has a 64 bit quad-core CPU with hyperthreading. What can you be sure of from that fact alone?
It can process up to eight threads simultaneously and t can run both 32 and 64 bit software
Possible Twisted Pair Problems - Breaks in cable continuity - internal or external interference - cables terminated with wrong wire order - physical interfaces failure
It is necessary that each pair of electrical signals on a twisted-pair cable corresponds to one physical wire pair because otherwise it will not reduce crosstalks.
Motherboard jumpers and connectors
Jumpers - Enable or disable certain mobo features -could be used to reset BIOS
An intergrated motherboard is a motherboard with ports built into them.
Keyed connector is a connector that has an extra metal (or plastic) piece or notch that matches an extra piece or notch on the cable, so it can only be installed once way.
CABLES AND CONNECTORS LC connector
LC connector - Lucent, local, little connector
LCD backlighting - Reflective - transmissive - transflective
LCD liquid crystal technologies: - TN - Twisted Nematic - IPS - In-Pane Switching - VA - Vertical alignment
Display Device Types: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) - flat panel screen uses liquid crystal solution sandwiched between two polarizing filters and glass panels Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) - flat panel screen uses organic substance as semiconductor material in LEDs Plasma - flat panel screen uses noble gases and phosphors to create color Cathode ray tube (CRT) - a large vacuum tube with a flat and covered in phosphors; an emitter in the back shoots a stream of electrons at the phosphors to create an image
LCDs use one of two technologies to polarize the liquid crystals: passive or reactive matrix - Passive matrix uses a grid of horizontal and vertical wires with an LCD element at each intersection - in an active matrix LCD design, there is a transistor at each intersection which controls the light for each pixel
KEYCHAIN is a Mac OS feature stores and manages passwords for applications, websites, and network shares.
LINUX can be distributed both commercially and non-commercially and is used on mobile and embedded devices as well as desktops and servers.
Unable to Connect to Printer -make sure printer has power -verify data cable is secure or wireless turned on both printer and client -check access permissions -Run Printer troubleshooter or print diagnostics utility -download and reinstall printer -use system restore to roll system back -download and reinstall driver -firewall or anti-virus software conflict -printer in sleep mode? -remove and reinstall printer
LOW TONER could cause both ink streaks on your printed output and a faded print output.
CPU Sockets LGA Socket
Land grid array- pins on mobo instead of chip
Which printer technology includes a maintenance kit that you should use after a certain number of pages have been printed?
Laser
laser printer
Laser Printers- uses lasers, high voltage, high quality, very fast
BIOS is the software used to start your computer: - the firmware - system BIOS, ROM BIOS - ROM or flash memory Initialzes CPU and memory - build the workplace POST - power self test Look for a boot loader - start the OS
Legacy BIOS the original BIOS been around 25 years Older OS talked to hardware through the BIOS - instead of accessing hardware directly Limited Hardware Support - no drivers for modern network, video and storage devices
How does the 5GHz band different from the 2.4GHz band?
Less interference from non-Wi-Fi sources More non-overlapping channels Shorter range
System Requirements -drive space - RAM - CPU - Network - Graphics/Display - Other hardware - Operating system - Services/drivers
Licensing and permissions - Open source - Commercial license
Light Blue port is for the_____________
Line in (Analog line level audio input)
Mac OS Tools Time Machine: back up data or schedule regular backups Terminal: have command-line access to OS Force Quit: force unresponsive app to close Screen sharing: troubleshoot problems or coach user from remote computer Disk maintenance utilities: check hard disk for errors and repair any errors found
Linux 1. A unix OS for personal computers, servers, tablets and smartphones 2. Open source software: source code maybe be modified and distributed 3. Linux is typically packaged as a distribution, including the OS and bundled applications 4. Some of the popular distributions include Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora and Gentoo; commercial distributions include Red Hat Linux and SUSE linux server
Mac OS Best Practices Scheduled back ups - protect against data loss Scheduled disk maintenance - prevent data loss from corrupt hard disk sectors and improve read/write time System updates/App store - To keep the system up to date to fix bugs and patch security flaws in the OS and applications Patch management - keep up with OS fixes and patches for security flaws Driver/firmware updates - ensure devices work properly Anti-virus and anti-malware updates - protec against hackers and threats of data destruction or theft
Linux A unix OS for personal computers, servers, tablets and smartphones Open source software: source code maybe be modified and distributed Linux is typically packaged as a distribution, including the OS and bundled applications Some of the popular distributions include Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, and Gentoo; commercial distributions include Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux server
LC
Lucent connector
Magnetic Hard Drive Components - hard drive platters - drive spindle - read/write heads - actuator
MAGNETIC HD VS SSD Benefits of magnetic HD - Older, established technology - larger capacities available - Does not have maximum read/write limit - Less expensive per byte
Master Boot Record Partitions can't support hard disks that are larger than 2 TB
MBR supports up to 4 primary partitions.
Executing Linux Commands 1. Open terminal 2. type command lane 3. Add options, using this syntax -command-option -command argument 4. Press Enter
Mac OS 10.7 Lion introduced AirDrop file sharing.
Mac OS X versions and codenames 10.3 Panther 2003 10.4 Tiger 2005 10.7 Lion 2011 10.8 Mountain Lion 2012 10.11 El Capitan 2015 10.12 Sierra 2016 10.13 High Sierra 2017 10.14 Mojave 2018
Mac OS Features MIssion Control - look at all open windows and destops and switch among them Keychain - store and manage passwords for applications, web sites, and network shares Spotlight - search for documents, music, photos, emails and contacts
Mac OS Features Mission Control: look at all open windows and destops and switch among them Keychain: store and manage passwords for applications, websites, and network shares Spotlight: search for documents, music, photos, emails and contacts iCloud: store file online for access from any location using internet and any device
Mac OS Features (cont) Gestures: perform most actions with a touchscreen Finder: organize and navigate files and folders Remote Disc: access files on CD, DVD and another computer Dock: access apps with single click Boot camp: Install Windows on your Mac
Mac OS Features (continued) iCloud - store files online for access from any location using internet and any device Gestures -perform most actions with a touchscreen Finder - organize and navigate files and folders Remote Disc - access files on CD, DVD or another computer Dock - access apps with single click Boot Camp - install windows on your Mac.
Mac OS Tools Time Machine - back up your data or schedule regular Snapshot/Restore - create a snapshot of an APFS file system representing system files and settings at that time, or restore from that backup Terminal - access the OS through a command-line shell Force Quit - force an unresponsive app to close Screen sharing - troubleshoot problems or coach a user on a remote computer Disk Utility - perform setup or maintenance on hard disks
Types of memory card CompactFlash Secure Digital (SD) Card USB Flash memory
Magnetic tape storage method stores data sequentially
A company is concerned about users tailgating into restricted areas. In order to prevent unauthorized users from following others, which of the following should be implemented?
Mantrap (NOT biometric locks, CCTV, badge readers)
Having a proper power supply for your computer is critical to yoru system's stability and long-term reliability. You are able to select a proper power supply unit for your computer.
Many of today's off the shelf PCs come with power supply units that are of minimal quality and have sufficient power to power the computer's components as shipped. This can cause issues as the computer ages or you upgrade components. You are able to diagnose and resolve computer and mobile device power issues.
A user is unable to find the preferred default network printer in the printers list in the user profile. Which of the following is the first step that should be taken?
Map printer
A technician would like to remove the dust inside of a desktop computer. What should the technician use to minimize exposure to the dust while protecting internal hardware components.
Mask Safety goggles (NOT ESD Mat, ESD strap, antistatic bag, rubber gloves)
A company has subscribed to a cloud service, paying month for a block of services and being billed incrementally when they exceed the monthly fee. What cloud concept does this represent?
Measured service (NOT rapid elasticity, On-demand, resource pooling)
Installing RAM 1. Power down the computer 2. Detach all external cords from ports on the PC, swtarting by unplugging the power cable 3. Open the computer's chassis 4. Open the memory support arms on the sides fo the memory slots 5. Use firm and even pressure to snap each memory module into the appropriate slot 6. Move the support arms into the lock position. 7. Close the chassis 8. Reattach all cords to the ports on the PC, and plug it into the wall outlet 9. Boot the computer and verify the system recognizes the new memory
Memory Problems - System fails to boot and you receive a system beep code related to memory' - the system hangs or freezes - illegal operation or fatal exception errors - General Protection Fault (GPF) errors - the computer reboots randomly with or without the BSOD - Windows reports a memory problem
MBSA
Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
MSCONFIG
Microsoft configuration
MMC
Microsoft management console
DISMANAGEMENT COMMANDS Diskpart -create partitions sfc -check for corrupt files and repair chkdsk -check for and repair file system errors format -format partitions
Miscellaeous Commands gpupdate -refresh group policy settings gpresult -display set of policy information tasklist -display list of processes running taskkill -stop process shutdown -logoff current user, or shut down or restart system bootrec -repair Windows installation
Cloud services are often easier to join or expand than they are to leave
Mobile Accessories -Laptop docking station -detachable keyboard -laptop cable lock -extra battery -portable charger -12V charger -protective cover -credit card reader -headset
Mobile Device Connections USB connections are ubiquitous on mobile devices. -laptops frequently have one or more Type A or Type C host ports -tablets and smartphones usually have either a single type B micro or Type C connector -Mobile accessories usually have a single Type B mioni, Type B Micro, or Type C connector
Mobile Device Connections Instead of a USB port, Apple mobile devices use a proprietary charging/data port -newer devices use the 9 pin lightning connector -older devices use the 30 pin docking connector -you can use an adapter cable to connect either type to a USB host port or charger Other devices may use their own proprietary connections for data or power. These may be instead or in addition to USB -wireless connections -cellular and WiFi for general network connectivity -GPS for location/navitation features -Bluetooth, NFC, IRdA or ANT+ for connecting to other devices and accessories
Mobile OS and App Issues -application errors -slow performance -no power or battery not charging -short battery life -swollen battery -overheating -frozen system -system lockout
Mobile I/O and connectivity issues -no display -dim display -flickering display -cannot broadcast to external monitor -stuck keys or buttons -touchscreen non-responsive or inacurrate response -drifting point or "ghose" clicks -no sound from speakers -intermitent speakers -no wireless connectivity -no bluethooth connectivity -unable to decrypt email
Mobile Operating Systems Android (Google) - Open source OS iOS (Apple) -specific to Apple products Chrome OS - also designe dby Google, but originally designed for inexpensive laptops known Chromebooks rather than the smartphones Windows (Microsoft) -Closed-source, proprietary OS
Mobile OS Features -app source -screen orientation -screen calibration -GPS and geotracking -WiFi calling -Launcher/GUI -Virtual assistant -emergency notification -mobile payment service
A parallel port is a 25 pin female D-shell used to connect a printer to a computer. Other parallel devices include scanners and external hard drives
Modem connects a computer to a phone line and can be either an internal or external drive. A internal modem has 2 RJ-11 connectors for connecting to phone lines.
Network scopes from smallest to largest PAN LAN CAN MAN WAN
Most small LANs today incorporate both peer to peer and client-server elements.
Motherboard Direct Components 1. CPU 2. CMOS battery 3. RAM slot 4. Chipset 5. SATA connectors 6. IDE connectors 7. ATX power connector 8. ATX 12 V power connector 9. Fan connector 10. Front panel connector
Motherboard Ports 1. USB 2. PS/2 3. HDMI 4. VGA 5. DVI 6. LAN 7. 3.5mm sound ports
The user who first reported a problem is often the best person to verify that it's fixed.
Motherboard components are installed directly onto the motherboard. They are connected to a port installed directly onto the motherboard. Connected through an expansion card plugged into an expansion slot installed on the motherboard.
Run the Upgrade Program Really old BIOS upgrades may require a boot disk, floppy or optical media Most modern upgrades run as an executible - close all of your other applications before running Most upgrades will check for prerequisites - dont rely on this Requires a reboot - save your documents
Motherboard form factors physical size - case sizing Basic layout - room for small changes Power - standard connectors Airflow - increasingly important there are 40 different motherboard types
MP3
Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio
MP4
Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 4
Which system utility can you use to troubleshoot a computer that's slow to start by enabling or disabling startup programs?
Msconfig (also known as the System Configuration utility) to modify and troubleshoot system startup
MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output
Interfaces MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
Network INterface controllers - every computer connected to the network has at least one network interface controller (NIC) that actually makes the physical connection and handles the low-level protocols used by the network It might also be called a LAN adapter, physical network interface, or network interface card even when it is built into the motherboard rather than a removable expansion card.
Network INterface controllers The most familiar NICs are Ethernet and WiFi adapters built into PCs, which mediate communications between the OS network stack and other network hosts`
Core Windows features Windows explorer/file explorer start menu command prompt powershell search/contana Control Panel/Settings Network and Sharing Center action center/security center computer management event viewer system restore windows accessories
New Windows 8 Features A settings app which allows easier access to many features previously in control panel an updated version of windows defender which includes real-time antivirus scanning improved backup and restore capability using the File History feature improved support for hardware such as touchscreens, multiple displays, UEFI firmware, and USB 3.0 controllers
Older devices might not support current encryption standards, so allowing them miught require using compatible (and thus weaker) security
Newer standards require MIMO to reach their maximum theoretical rate
Upgrading Windows 1. Ensure that your computer will support the upgrade, including the OS version, the installed applications and the connected drives. 2. Insert the DVD or flash drive containing the new OS. Restart the computer and boot to the install media. 3. Follow the steps in the wizard, choosing to upgrade and keep all the files, settings and applications. 4. Complete the Wizard. The computer will likely restart at least once. 5. Log on to the computer using the same credentials that you used in the earlier version of Windows. 6. Verify that the settings have been retained and all the application and devices work correctly. You can try to start and use the applications, while a quick checked Device Manager will show you any device problems.
OS installation and upgrades You have a computer with WIn7 on it. You need to upgrade to Win 8.1 and deploy it to a new employee. What is the best upgrade type for this situation? clean installation
A user in a corporate environment needs to have a laptop device repaired and takes the device to the appropriate technician. Which of the following should the technician offer to the user in order to maintain professionalism?
Offer a temp loaner laptop for the user to work on
MMC (MultiMediaCard)
Older slower type of SD card.
Ethernet Network Spanning 2 buildings has a REPEATER in between
PAN (personal area network) covers only a very small area of centimeters to a few meters - usually confined to a particular user's device, such as a computer and its peripherals. - PANs often refer to wireless PAN standards such as Bluetooth or IrDA (infrared) but the term can eqully apply to wired standards such as USB or FireWire - Near Field Communication (NFC) is used for short distance communications between smartphones or other personal devices
Expansion Slots - PCIe - PCI - mini-PCI, Mini-PCIe - ExpressCard - M2
PCI Slots Standard length and are used for input/output devices. For PCI slots are shown in the figure
Expansion Slots and Bus Speeds PCIe
PCI express -replaced PCI, PCIx, and AGP -communicates serially, faster than parallel -x1, x2, x4, x8,x16, and x32....full duplex
Expansion Slots and Bus Speeds PCI-x
PCI extended -more throughput, designed for servers -parallel communication
PCI are 3" long and typically white 32 bit cards can be installed on 64 bit slots but not the reverse
PCI-X expansion slots - visually indistinguisable from 64 bit PCI, because it uses the same slots, PCI Extended takes the 66 MHz max frequency of PCI to new heights
PCIe designed to be a replacement for AGP legacy
PCIe uses the concept of LANES (point to point signal paths) between any two PCIe components. Each PCIe pairing between cards requires negotiation for the highest mutually supported number of lanes. The single lane or combined collection of lanes that the switch interconnects between devices is referred to as a link.
LAPTOP side view -security lock port - VGA video port -proprietary docking station port - ethernet (RJ-45) port - eSATA/USB combo port - flash memory card reader slot - ExpressCard expansion slot
POINTS OF FAILURE Overheating - failure of the fans in the power supply or those attached to the processor, northbridge chip or video card can cause overheating Loose peripheral card - a loose add-in card might not be detected by plug and play or might have intermittent failures after installation Inability to start the computer - loose processor/memory module can prevent the computer from starting Drive Failures - improperly connected power or data cables, or improperly configured jumper blocks, will not work properly Front panel failures: - cables connecting the case switch, reset switch, and status lights Battery Failure BIOS chip failure
A user has a new web email account and asks a technician for help with setting up email on a tablet. The user would like for the email to only be stored on this tablet. Which of the following email server setting types would the technician use to accomplish this task? A. POP3 B. IMAP C. S/MIME D. SMTP
POP3 (NOT IMAP, S/MIME, SMTP)
POST is part of the software contained in the motherboard BIOS that performs a basic test of the individual hardware components such as the motherboard, RAM memory chips, keyboard, floppy drive, and the hard drive when the computer is turned on with the power switch.
PORT is a connector on the motherboard or on a separate adapter tha allows a device to connect to a computer; these may include keyboard, mouse, serial, parallel, network, sound or video points.
Ann, a user, states that after installing an update on her iPhone, the WiFi starts to malfunction. The WiFi icon is displaying that it has connectivity but she is still unable to browse. Which of the following could be the issue?
PRAM needs to be reset (NOT iCloud is corrupted, the router needs to be rebooted, the upgrade needs to be uninstalled)
Other installation considerations: - Partitioning - drivers - updates - software - network/account - time/location
PREPARING FOR OS INSTALLATION 1. If you are upgrading or installing a new OS onto a computer that already has valuable data, make sure to back it up in case something goes wrong. 2. Make sure that you're choosing an OS and edition that suits your needs 3. When installing from external media, make sure the media is installed in a bootabvle format compatible with your computer. You may need to create install media from a working computer. 4. The process for installing from an internal drive depends both on what your current OS is and what kind of installation you ant to perform. 5. Make sure the computer is configured to boot from your chosen medium
laser printer PROCESS:
PROCESS: 1.) Processing, ready to print full page at one time 2.) Charging, wire set negative charge to photosensitive drum 3.)Exposing, laser writes image to photosensitive drum 4.)Developing, toner applied to drum
PC Power issues - PSU is under powered - PSU is old - Electrical interference affected PSU - PSU subjected to power brown outs - PSU is overheating
PSU Failure Symptoms 1. System fails to startup 2. Computer powers on and then powers back off immediately 3. computer reboots unexpectedly 4. computer intermittently displays BSoD 5. USB devices aren't receiving power or fail altogether 6. System reports HDD file system corruption or other hard disk errors. 7. Both hard disk drive and CPU fan fail to spin simultaneously. 8. System reports many errors 9. It takes longer for computer to boot and shutdown 10. When turned on, computer to boot and shutdown 11. Electric shock when touching computer chassis 12. See or smell smoke coming from chassis 13. Buzzing or other noises coming from PSU 14. BIOS beep codes when booting
Q1: A technician is instructed to configure a new workstation to boot the OS from the network. The technician must enable what first?
PXE
An administrator must upgrade multiple workstations with a new image being deployed using Win Deployment Services. What client-side boot method initiates the deployment of the new image
PXE (NOT USB flash drive, CD ROm, GRUB)
What process will enable you to link your smartwatch to your mobile phone as a PAN?
Pairing
For dark spots on a page with a laser printer, it indicates loose toner particles. Running extra paper through it will usually resolve it.
Paper comes out in bunches or smears - high humidity.
USB Root Hub
Part of the host controller that makes the physical connection to the USB ports.
PGA
Pin Grid Array = PGA is a chip where the connecting pins are located on the bottom. Function: Computer CPU help and support
A technician is installing a wireless network and wants to limit the signal available outside the building. What would help accomplish this?
Place directional atennas (NOT Use omin-direcitonal atennas, enable MAC filtering, Disable SSID broadcast)
Display Devices Plasma
Plasma - tiny cells with noble gas and mercury
OLED Display Devices An OLED display has four primary layers: - the substrate,which acts as the structural framework - the anode, which draws electrons - The cathode, which provides electrons - The organic layer, which is actually two layers: a conducting layer (in which the electrons move) and an emissive layer (which produces light)
Plasma Display Devices - A plasma display contains a neon/xenon gas mixture sealed between two glass plates - within the plates is a grid of cells in which the gas mixture is charged - when the charged gas breaks down, it produces ionized plasma - This in turn emits UV radiation, which activates color phosphors to produce red, green or blue subpixels
PoS
Point of Sale
UDP - is everything TCP is not; unreliable connectionless, fast and lightweight - the local host sends diagrams without a connection or waiting for acknowlgement - use UDP when something is more time sensitive, like streaming video or online multiplayer games - use UDP relying on fast exchange or small amounts of data like DNS or DHCP - some applications are equipped to handle error correction and sequencing
Port Ranges System ports: 0-1023 assigned to most universal and accepted TCP/IP standard applications. Also called Well-known ports User ports: 1024-49151 assigned to applications that benefit from assigned port numbers. Also called registered ports. Private ports: 4912-65535 aren't assigned by IANA, can be used for any purpose without registration. Also called dynamic ports.
What network host would most likely provide the services needed to allow client access to the Internet web pages?
Proxy server (not File Server, Web server, WINS server)
A user reports the Internet connection is not working on the corporate network. After running through the troubleshooting steps, the administrator finds the computer has a valid IP address, can connect to network shares, and can view local intranet pages in the web browser. The administrator tries navigating to a public Internet page and it times out. Which of the following should the technician configure next? A. Hosts files B. IPv6 settings C. Proxy settings D. Lmhosts files
Proxy settings (NOT Host files, IPv6 settings, Lmhosts files)
If after you install a new SATA hard drive, you receive a "hard drive not found" error, one reason for the error could be due to no boot disk being available.
RAID - data storage technology where you combine multiple hard drives into a single logical unit to add fault and improve your performance
RAID 0 = Disk Striping
RAID 1 = Disk Mirroring
RAID 5 - disk striping with parity
RAID 10 - Nested RAID level
BIOS Configuration
RAM - View and configure memory settings Hard drive/ SSD - view and enable/disable Optical drive - view and enable/disable
RAM Module Types Single inoline memory module (SIMM) Dual inline memory modules (DIMM) Small outline dual in-line memory module (SODIMM)
RAM features - buffered - Parity - ECC (Error Correcting code) - clock speed - single channel, dual channel, or triple channel
RAM is considered volatile because the data it holds is lost when power is removed from the computer or device
RAM is generally faster than hard drives or flash storage
RAM is a permanent storage location for maintaining critical information, such as the computer or mobile device boot program. You should be able to identify the function of ROM and use and manage the system BIOS/UEFI.
RAM memory is used by computers and other devices to temporarily hold information for pcoessing the CPU. You are able to compare and contrast various RAM types and their features, and install and troubleshoot RAM>
RIMM
RAMBUS inline memory module
HDMI is the display standard that has the ability to also carry Ethernet network data.
RCA is the connect type is used to connect both component and composite cables
A user has reported that she lost a laptop. The laptop had sensitive corporate information on it that has been published on the Internet. What is the first step in implementing a best practice security policy?
Require laptop hard drives to be encrypted
FILTERS - Filters are attached or applied to the surface of a display to reduce glare on a glass screen from external light sources - Filters can also reduce the viewing angle of the disolay for increased security and privacy
REFRESH RATE - the refresh rate is a measurement of how often the display image is updated per second, expressed in Hz - common refresh rates range from 60 - 144 Hz - as the refresh rate increases, it decreases how much the humen eye can notice the image being redrawn - the refresh rate is controlled by the computer's video card, but the rate you choose must be supported by both the video card and the display device - the max refresh rate you can choose is also affected by the display's resolution
CABLES AND CONNECTORS RJ 11
RJ 11 - 6 position, 2 conductor (6P2C) -telephone connector
CABLES AND CONNECTORS RJ45
RJ45 - 8P8C, modular T568A and T568B need to be the same termination on both sides
RAM ROM
ROM - Read only memory, does not change (BIOS)
GRUB is the boot loader in newer Linux systems.
Re IP address resolution: -When one host wants to contact another using IP addresses, the process depends on whether they're on the same subnet or not: this is why a host needs to know its own subnet mask. If they are, they can communicate directly without an intervening router.
Re Networking: HUBS Hubs, also known as concentrators or multiport repeaters, are used in star/hierarchical networks to connect multiple stations/cable segments. There are two main types of hubs: passive and active. An active hub takes the incoming frames, amplifies the signal, and forwards it to all other ports. A passive hub simply splits the signal and forwards it.
Re Networking: Bridges Used to increase network performance by segmenting networks in separate collision domains, or increase the network size. Bridges are not aware of upper layer protocols
Re Networking: Gateways Used to connect networks with dissimilar technologies, for eample, a MS TCP/IP network and NetWare IPX/SPX network can be connected using a gateway. Typically implemented in software on a router.
Re Networking: Firewalls Protects a private network from external users, typically those from the Internet by hiding the internal network and filtering incoming packets. A firewall is not always a hardware device, it can be implemented in software on a router or proxy server as well.
Dot Matrix: a tight ribbon can cause flecks and smudges on the paper. Missing or broken printhead pins causes incomplete characters. Never lubricate the printhead on a printer. If the print density is
Re Networking: Repeaters Used to extend the max distance of a cable can span. Repeaters grab the incoming electrical signal from the cable, amplify it, and send it out.
Re Networking: Switches similar to bridges; they also keep a table with MAC addresses per port to making switching decisions. The main difference is that a switch has more ports than a bridge, and instead of interconnecting networks it is typically used to connect hosts and servers like a hub does, but offers dedicated bandwith per port, hence offers much higher network performance than hubs
Re Networking: Routers Used to interconnect multiple (sub-) networks and route information between these networks by choosing an optimal path ("route") to the destination based on addressing information from protocols such as TCP/IP or IPX/SPX. Router are also typically used to connect a LAN to a WAN or another LAN, which can use different technologies such as Token Ring, Ethernet, ISDN, Frame Relay, etc.
Class C Fire extinguisher is used on electrical fires
Recycle Batteries and CRTs in order to prevent soil and water contamination if they are sent to a landfill.
A user is having issues with a Windows computer. Upon loading the OS, several messaes appear referring to a DLL file that cannot be found. What would be the best course of action for the tech to perform next?
Research the DLL file to identify the application it corresponds to before continuing. (NOT copy DLL from a working PC and use the regsvr32 command to load the file, Run the Windows Updte utility to manually reinstall the DLL file, run the defrag utility to correct any fragmentation that may have damaged the file)
A mobile phone has started to respond slowly and erratically. The user has done a soft reset and the problem still exists. Which of the following is the BEST step the user can take to fix this problem?
Reset to factory default
Authentication systems -RADIUS -TACACS+ -Kerberos -802.1x -LDAP
Resource-sharing Protocols -FTP -SMB -NFS -AFP -NetBIOS
A technican recieves a call regarding a PC/s slow performance. The client states that most applications are slow to respond; boot up and shutdown make much longer than they used to. Hard drive diagnostics pass, but there are error messages in the event viewer stating that the file system is corrupt. What should the tech do next?
Run chkdsk with the /r switch and reboot the PC (NOT reload the OS using FAT32 instead of NTFS, change the disk from basic to dynamic, open the defrag utility and run a drive analysis.
If the colors on your monitor appear faded, muted, too dark, or too light, you can adjust the color depth using Windows Control Panel Display applet.
Running a screen saver helps prevent burn-in and dead pixels.
A frozen OS on a mobile device can be cause by LACK OF SUFFICIENT STORAGE, LOW BATTERY and TOO MANY APPS RUNNING AT ONE TIME.
S/MIME must be supported by the mobile email client is users need to view and send encrypted email messages.
CABLES AND CONNECTORS SC connectors
SC connectors - subscriber, square, standard connector
SDXC (Secure Digital Expanded Capacity)
SD card that stores from 32GB to 2TB.
SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity)
SD card that stores from 4GB to 32GB.
Standard SD
SD card that stores from 4MB to 4GB.
Basic Tools for Assembly/Disassembly of Computers 1. screwdriver with removable tips 2. Hex driver tips 3. Screw and Torx tips 4. Chip puller 5. Jewelers screwdriver set 6. flat blade screw driver 7. small phillips head screwdriver 8. pliers 9. needle nose pliers 10. torx driver 11. hex driver 12. 3 claw parts retrieval tool
SYTEM AND TESTING TOOLS Multimeter - AC/DC volage - Ohms - Amperage Power Supply Tester Can save a motherboard from being ruined by a bad power supply Loopback plugs - serial, network and USB port testing
Smart Card Readers
Scans the chip embedded in things such as ID badges.
Lojack for Laptops Originally called CompuTrace - name licensed from the vehicle recovery service Built into the BIOS - software installed into the OS - reinstalls itself if removed or new storage drive installed "Phone home" function - provides location information Theft Mode - remotely lock the laptop and./or delete files - forces a startup password
Secure Boot Malicious software can "own" your system - malicious drivers or OS software Secure Boot - part of the UEFI specification Digitally sign known-good software - cryptographically secure - software won't fun without the proper signature Support in many different OS - Windows 8, 8.1, Windows Server 2012 - Linux Fedora, Ubuntu
A technician is tasked with removing a virus file that created a custom service. Tried anti-virus scanner but that didn;t remove the file. The tech tried to manually remove the file and an error message appears saying "the file is in use by another program." What tool would be the best to use to correct the issue?
Services Console (NOT Event viewer)
Hardware: - Components that can generally be touched or seen - Often a source of failure - loose connections - physical damage - electrical damage (electrostatic, voltage spikes/surges) - incompatibility of devices with other devices
Software: - drivers used to control the hardware - applications used to generate user data - protocols to transmit data over the network - internal/external commands to control the system
By definition, your ISP is responsible for all devices outside of the demarc.
Sometimes devices on yhour side of the demarc might still be your ISP's responsibility
SPDIF
Sony-Philips digital interface format
CD Quality
Sound capture recorded at 44.1 KHz with a 16-bit depth in stereo (two tracks instead of one.)
AC'97
Sound card standard for lower-end audio devices; created when most folks listened to stereo sound at best.
PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)
Sound format developed in the 1960s to carry telephone calls over the first digital lines. Typically stored in WAV files.
Dolby Digital 5.1
Sound standard designed to support five channels of sound: front-left, front-right, front-center, rear-left, and rear-right as well as a subwoofer.
Northbridge is a subset of a motherboard's chipset is the set of circuitry or chips that performs one very important function: management of high speed peripheral communications
Southbridge subject of the chipset is responsible for providing support to the slower onboard peripherals (PS/2, parallel ports, serial ports, Serial and Parallel ATA, LAN, Analog and Digital Audio, FireWIre, USB slow PCI and legacy buses. It manages any component other than the CPU, memory and cache, or PCIe slots
RAID RAID 5
Striping w/ parity - files are striped, requires at least 3 drives High redundancy, efficient use of disk space Parity calculation may affect performance
SATA drive connections - jumper: not on all SATA drives - SATA data interface connection - SATA power connection
Symptoms of HD Problems during POST - hard drive not found - fixed disk error - invalid boot disk - inaccessible boot device - OS not found - A 1700s or 10400s numeric error code
Direct SSD connections SSD slots on the motherboard itself can use multiple form factors - older card-based SSDs use the mSATA standard - newer computers have M.2 slots which can be used for other devices such as wireless adapters as well as storage - Some SSDs are designed to use PCIe connections; they can be insalled just like any other expansion card, but might not be suited for bootable system drives
Symptoms of a hard drive problem during use - bad sectors - read/write error - S.M.A.R.T. errors - slow performance
Which system utility would you use to repair the computer if it continujes to improperly shutdown after a reboot?
System File Checker SFC verifies the integrity of system files
The system admin is tasked with installing Windows to 100 computer over the network. The systems admin needs to remove system-specific identifiers. What would the system admin do to accomplish this?
System Preparation tool
A user updates the video driver on the computer and it requests a restart after installation. The computer never gets past the loading Windows page without rebooting. Which of the following should the technician use to resolve this issue without losing any vital files or programs?
System Recovery (NOT Emergency Repair Disk, Restore from OEM image, restore from backup)
A user discovers that all of her documents will not open. The documents open properly on another computer. What tool will be the fastest for a tech to use to allow the documents to open?
System Restore (not backup, recovery image, chdsk)
The file system used on Linux is called ext4.
The Application sources are - Physical media internet local network app store
Wha three things are necessary for Plug and Play to work?
The BIOS, the hardware being installed and the OS must all support the technology
CLOUD CONCERNS -with the exception of in-house private clouds, cloud computing generally requires a lot of WAN traffic, and past that a service outagee will block access to cloud resources entirely -Using a cloud service for sensitive information mean giving a lot of control of its handling over the another entity -Cloud services can also have a "lock-effect" - a cloud service might be easy to join but not so easy to leave
The Private Cloud deployment model instead of maintaining network services in a number of different departments and locations, a large company is moving them all to a cloud model. The whole system is hosted in a new data center rented by the company but managed by an outside vendor.
The 32 bit version of Windows can address 4 GB
The Win 8 product line cut back the number of audience-targeted versions from five to three.
ACTION CENTER and WINDOWS POWERSHELL were NOT included in Windows Vista.
The Windows Store was introduced with Windows 8.
A technician is using a doman account to access files located on a serer at the path \\computer name\CS. The tech receives an "Access denied" error message. What is the most likely the cause of the error?
The account does not have local administrative permissions to access the server share (NOT The server is no longer accepting connections since reaching its limit of open shares The password is incorrect, requiring the user to reset it before authentication will proceed,
A HEAT PIPE is a passive cooling device that is more efficient than a simple heat sink.
The computer's motherboard holds the electronic circuitry and connectors for the critical components of your computer, including the CPU. You are able to identify and describe the importance and function of each of the motherboard components.
The Win user interface feature AERO was included in Vista and Win 7 product lines.
The following Windows features were not included in Win 7: cortana real time antivirus scanning in Windows Defender
There are two types of disk drives: - Magnetic - Solid State
The most common PC disk drive form factor is 3.5 inch - the most common laptop disk drive from factor is 2.5 inch - Lighter, thinner laptops might use a 1.8 inch form factor disk drive
The transfer corona can cause the print to be too light
The ozone filter needs to be replaced on laser printers when performing preventative maintenance.
a technician has been given a PC that is not powering up. After brief troubleshooting, the tech comes to the conclusion the power needs to replaced. What is the next step in the process of performing the repair?
The tech should remove jewelry (NOT replace the power supply, review disposal regulations, check the environment)
A network admin is unable to install programs on a workstation. What is most likely the reason the admin is not able to install applications?
The user name is not part of the local admin group
A user wants to save a file into another user's directory, but the file save is denied. What is the most likely reason the file cannot be completed?
The user requires write permissions to the folder
Thin Clients A stripped down computer which is designed primarily to connect to remote computers such as servers, workstations, or remote desktops The modern equivalent of remote terminals used to connect to early mainframes and servers - the remote system does all the actual computing, while the client just servers as a display and input interface
Thick client is a fully featured workstation which runs client software to connect to remote computers
Troubleshooting TCP/IP settings If client IP address or subnet mask doesn't match subnet connected to, it won't have network connectivity
Transport layer protocols - this protocol, carries data between the generic packets of IP and a specific port or socket which is available to higher level protocols - this allows two hosts to communicate over one connection using multiple applications and protocols, while making sure one application's data never gets sent to the wrong partner - transport layer protocols can also be used to establish connection between hosts, perform error correction and flow control, and ensure proper ordering of data - In TCP/IP there are several transport layer protocols. The most common are: - transmission control protocol (TCP) - User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
What is a security threat that disguises itself as legit software?
Trojan (NOT worm, virus, spyware)
Setup boxes have these interfaces: - composite video - component - HDMI - Stereo RCA - Digital audio via optical and coaxial digital - SCART - S-VIdeo
Troubleshooting a touch screen 1. Clean screen with soft, lint-free cloth 2. restart computer or device using cold boot. 3. recalibrate touch screen 4. Use Device Manager to verify driver is functional and current 5. Check for and install any driver updates 6. Check for electromagnetic interference by trying touch screen in other locations 7. If elecrtromagnetic interference if possible, test by turning off potential sources of interference one at a time
BIOS Firmware - contains device startup program, called startup BIOS - has instructions to load drivers for basic hardware - maintains motherboard settings in CMOS setup - Supports Advanced Configuration Power Interface (ACPI) - Supports Plug and Play (PnP
UEFI FIrmware (replacing most BIOS) - better security against bootkit attacks - speeds up startup process, including resuming from hibernation mode - supports drives larger than 2.2TB - supports 64 bit firmware device drivers - uses a boot manager instead of a boot sector - enables network booting via Preboot eXecution enviornment (PXE) - runs standalone UEFI applications, such as operation system loaders - allows two types of service: boot services and runtime services
UEFI BIOS - based on Intel EFI (extensible firmware interface) a defined standard - implemented by the manuf. Designed to replace the legacy BIOS - need a modern BIOS for modern computers
UEFI advantages Boot from large 2.2TB GUID partition table GPT) disks - also supports FAT and removeable media Includes a pre-boot environment - this isn't an OS - has its own shell, drivers and applications - browse the internet, backup a storage drive - remote diagnostics, even without an OS
INSTALLING WINDOWS 1. Boot the computer to your preferred installation method or insert an optical disc with the installation files and wait for the setup wizard to start. 2. Accept license terms. 3. Choose whether to get important Windows updates for the installation 4. Choose an installation type 5. Complete the installation wizard, supplying any requested information to complete the installation, including language and region options, a computer name, and an initial user account. 6. Verify that all devices are working in the Device Manager and update or replace drivers as necessary.
UPGRADE PATHS Windows 7 to Win 8 Windows 7 to Windows 10 Windows 8 to Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 to Windows 10 - You can't move directly from Win8 to Win10 without installing 8.1 first - You can upgrade from Win 7 directly to Win8.1 but the process will remove all your third party apps.
A technician needs to install a clean Windows OS on several laptops in the office. The office is running a 100Base-T network. The owner would like the installations completed as soon as possible. What installation method should the tech use?
USB 3.0 Flash Drive (NOT FireWire External Hard Drive, PXE-based Network installation, DVD-ROM)
re Drives: The DATA TRANSFER rate is how fast the hard drive sends data to the PC.
USB 3.0 now on part with Thunderbolt.
PHYSICAL EXPANSION INTERFACES - USB - Firewire - SATA - Thunderbolt - RJ - VGA, DVI, and DisplayPort video - analog and digital audio - HDMI
USB Serial Bus - a physical interface standard that you can use to connect up to 127 peripheral devices to your computer - supports hot-swapping and Plug and Play
USB C
USB type that enables any USB device to connect. Can be inserted either way.
USB A
USB type that is typically used for interfacing with the PC.
USB B
USB type that is typically used on peripherals. The mini and micro variations are popular on mobile devices such as Smart Phones.
A technician is in need of a device that would give the best network protection within a single device. What devices would the tech use?
UTM (NOT NLX, IDS, ATX)
A technician is working on a home theater in PC in a location where the electrical system may not be properly grounded. As the tech is finishing the installation, which of the following should the computer tech do before connecting a cable TV line to a TV tuner card?
Unplug the computer power cable (NOT perform self grounding, use an ESD strap, require the electrical system be brought up to code)
"The local loop" refers to the ISP side of the demarc.
Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) - relies on twisted pair effect to combat interference - light, cheap, and more flexible than alternatives Shielded twisted pair (STP) - encases wires in conducting layer - foil shielding uses grounded foil wrap - braided screening uses braided copper jacket
Transport Protocols: Your company's custom server software application needs a TCP port to listen on. What port range should it be configured to use?
User
Hypervisor Categories Bare-metal or native (Type 1) - install directly on hardware of host machine, serving as underlying OS - examples: Oracle VM server, VMWare ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V Hosted (Type 2) -software applications that run within host machine primary OS -examples: Oracle VM VirtualBox, VMWare Workstation, Windows Virtual PC
VIRTUAL NETWORKING the hypervisor also needs to provide network services for its VMs Instead of a physical NIC, a VM has a virtual NIC, existing in software form The virtual NIC still has a MAC address, IP address, all the other settings an functinons of a real card, except that instead of sending and receiving physical signals, all of its network traffic passes through the hypervisor If the VM is only communicating with other VMs on the same host, the network traffic doesn't need to use the physical NIC
VESA
Video Electronics Standards Association
Interfaces VGA
Video Graphics Array -Blue DB-15 connector, 5-10 meters max, analog signal only
Streaming Media
Video or audio data that is played while it is downloading.
INKJET printing process 1. a high pressure pump generating acoustic waves creates a continous stream of link droplets spreayed on the paper 2. Drop on Demand (DOD). In DOD, the print driver software specifies which nozzles squirt small droplets of ink onto paper at speed of approximately 5,000 times a second.
Virtual Printers Print preview PDF XPS Image Print to file Fax
Virtual Printers
Virtual Printers -no physical output, sending info to a digital file
A use, Ann, recieves a phone call from the company's mail administrator who indicates her email account has been disabled due to high volumes of emails sent in a very short period of time. What type of attack has the user experienced?
Virus infection (NOT made in the middle attack, phishing attack, malware infection)
Security Center
Vista
BitLocker
Vista Win7 Win8 and 8.1
User Account Control
Vista Win7 Win8 and 8.1
Windows Defender
Vista Win7 Win8 and 8.1
Windows Firewall
Vista Win7 Win8 and 8.1
Windows 7 Flavours: Home Basic/Starter: barebones with no aeroglass Home Premium - good movie editing and viewing with picture filing Professional - made for road warriors on laptops but no Bitlocker Ultimate - everything Enterprise - exclusively to MS Software assurance customers
Vista and 7 introduces a breakthrough user experience and is designed to help you feel confident in your ability to view, find and organize information and to control your computing experience. You can do a desktop search to find files and search folders called Explorer
All Windows product lines from Vista through Win10 come in versions to run on both 32 and 64 bit architectures.
WINDOWS 8 product line did MS cut back the number of audience-targeted versions from five to three.
You can implement a RAID array using the Windows Disk Management utility. You can configure RAID 0 (stripped), RAID-1 (mirrored), and RAID-5 arrays using Windows Disk Management
WIndows Update provides notification of updates for general update, security updates, application updates and available service packs.
Configuring IoT devices 1. where possible, plan the deployment before purchasing any devices 2. Choose an appropriate central control system 3. Connect individual devices to the network 4. Secure IoT devices like you would other embedded network hosts
When you get on an airplane mode, BLUETOOTH, MOBILE DATA and WIFI are automatically disabled.
SODIMM is the RAM memory module is used in laptops and other small devices
Which RAM features uses an algorithm to detect single bit and multi bit memory errors ECC
DVI-A VGA are video interfaces are analog only.
Which physical interface is used on sound to connect synthesizers and other electronic instruments? MIDI
Calibrating a touch screen 1. Open calibration utility 2. tap calibrate 3. Tap yes. 4. follow on screen instructions to calibrate touch screen, tapping where prompted
Which touch screen technology requires you to touch the surface with an electrically conductive object? Capacitive
WPS
WiFi Protected Setup
Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 Windows 8 pro Windows 8 enterprise
Win 10 Win 10 home Win 10 Pro Win 10 education Win 10 enterprise
Live Sign-in
Win8 and 8.1
Windows 8 new features including native USB 3.0, MS account integration, Windows store, the ability to boot from USB flash drives with Windows To Go and easier sytem restore options.
Win8 can detect when a system is experiencing issues that have been preventing the file system from funcitoning correctly.
Win 7 versions Starter (32 bit only) Home Basic Home Premium Professional Ultimate Enterprise
Windows 8 Win 8 Win 8 pro Win 8 enterprise
System Administrative Tools 1. Device Manager: check status of devices installed in or connected to computer 2. Remote settings: allow or deny Remote Assistance and Remote Desktop connections 3. System Protection: configure and perform System Restore functions 4. Advanced Ssystem Settings: Optimize Windows' performance, create and configure user profiles, configure startup settings, what to do in event of system failure
Windows Device Manager Actions: -Update Drive software -enable -uninstall -scan for hardware changes -add legacy hardware -properties
Windows Operation Problems (cont) Missing DLL -necessary DLL deleted, overwritten or corrupted Service fails to start -critical service fails to load and when you start program using service Compatibility errors -application was designed for earlier Windows version Slow system performance -application errors taking over system resources -heavily fragmented hard drive, lack of free space -malware System boots to safe mode -bad driver -device error Files fail to open -incorrect file association in system settings -malware Multiple monitor misalignment or orientation -settings in display properties are not configured improperly
Windows Operation Errors Trouble BSOD: 1. Reboot computer 2. research error in MS Knowledge base Troubleshoot improper shutdown 1. Restart Windows normally 2. Boot into safe, then restart Windows normally 3. Use System File Checker (SFC or sfc command) to verify integrity of system files Troubleshoot spontaneous shutdown and restart 1. Check Event Viewer to try to find problems 2. Scan system for malware Troubleshoot device issues: 1. Check device properties, updated driver, or roll back new or updated driver installation Troubleshooting missing DLL files: 1. Note DLL name and file location. Copy/paste same DLL from another computer 2. Use REGSRV32 to register DLL Troubleshoot services: 1. Scan for and remove or remedy malware infection 2. Open Event Viewer to isolate failed service 3. Examine service properties, including dependencies. Reconfigure service or precedent service.
Windows Operation Errors (cont) Troubleshoot compatibility errors: 1. Change operating mode of application 2. Open Troubleshooting. Select option to run programs for previous versions of Windows, and complete wizard. Troubleshoot slow system performance: 1. Use Task Manager to find applications consuming too much memory or resources. Resolve by ending the offending application or process. Install updates. 2. Check level of fragmentation and defragment if necessary. 3. Check free space and free up space. 4. Scan for and remove or remedy malware infection 5. update operating system
Windows Operation Errors (cont) Troubleshoot system that boots into safe mode: 1. Check for and fix any Device Manager errors by updating drivers or rolling back recent driver installations 2. In MSCONFIG, on boot tab, verify safe boot isn't checked 3. Use System Restore to restore unproblematic Troubleshoot file that fails to open: 1. Change file associate or create file association 2. Scan for and remove malware Troubleshooting monitor alignment or orientation 1. In display properties, drag monitors to align to bottom or top. 2. Change orientation of monitors to or from landscape or portrait
Windows Startup Process 1. BIOS or UEFI starts 2. Boot manager determines boot OS 3. Winload.exe layers into memory 4. Ntoskrnl.exe load all necessary OS processes 5. Logon screen appears
Windows Operation Problems 1. Proprietary crash screen (BSoD) -device drivers -memory -malware infection 2. improper shutdown -power failure -forced shutdown -application errors 3. Spontaneous shutdown/reset -application errors -malware 4. Devilce fails to start/device not detected -bad or incorrect drivers -disconnected devices -hardware errors
New Windows 10 features A new start menu that combines features of the Win 7 Start menu and Windows 8 Start screen
Windows Store apps that aoperate in windowed mode, rather than the full screen as in Win8.
Microsoft Management Control -console tree -snapin for each tool -menu bar and toolbar -details pane -action pane
Windows Tools Administrative tools: -component services -computer management -data sources (ODBC) -event viewer -local security policy -performance monitor -print management -services -system configuration -task scheduler -windows firewall with advanced security -windows memory diagnostic
What updates should be performed on a regular basis to ensure your operating system has the latest security patches?
Windows Updates
Monitors develop high voltage when turned on, and both monitors and power supplies have capacitors (electronic parts that hold an electrical charge) that can hurt you even if hte power has been removed.
Windows versions 2001 XP 2006-2007 Vista 2009 7 2012 8 2013 8.1 2015 10
Laser Printer Maintenance -calibrate printer -vacuum out dust and debris -clean tonger cartridge head -clean corona wires -clear internal fan -wipe paper feed rollers -install maintenance kit
With a BLUETOOTH printer sharing method doesn't require a network or host computer connection.
Devices and Printers Actions you can take: -add a device or printer -verify device is working properly -display configuration information -Troubleshoot devices
You can Create Home Group by going into Control Panel under Network and internet, click Home Group.
Your laptop has an SDHC card reader. You can use these memory cards to read with it: 2 GB SD 8 GB micro-SD 32 GB SD
You can corrupt the data on your flash drive or memory card ifyou remove it from your computer or device incorrectly.
If your power supply unit has failed, the computer will fail to boot.
You can establish a theory of probable cause by visiting manuf. websites and technical support forums.
hard drives are megnetic or solid state, the advantages and disadvantages of each type,and how to install and troubleshoot both itnernal and external hard drives i a PC and laptop
You can't access BIOS/UEFI using a wireless keyboard
Troubleshooting Sound 1. verify volumes levels are high enough 2. make sure that the sound is not muted 3. verify speakers are default sound device 4. verify speakers are functional by connecting them to another device 5. verify all connectors are seated properly 6. if powered speakers, make sure they are turned on and receiving power 7. In speaker properties, restore default settings on Advanced Tab 8. Run Troubleshooting control panel applet and choose Troubleshoot audio playback 9. Use Device Manager to verify driver is functional and current 10. Run DirectX Diagnostics Tool
You want speakers with an internal amplifier but don't want to use a wall outlet. What other power options do you have? Battery USB
Network Security Applicances - Firewall - Intrusion detection and prevention systems - VPN endpoints - Unified threat management
Your LAN has a high collision rate. What devices could segment the network and reduce collisions? - router -switch
If you device's rechargeable battery area is bulging, carefully remove the battery, avoiding doing any damage to the case, and then recycle it properly.
Your computer's motherboard and other components receive their electrical power from the main power supply unit. Each component receives the specific DC power it requires through an individual connector coming from the main power supply unit. You are able to identify the various types of power connectors included with a main power supply unit.
Differences between FireWire and USB:
a USB network use a tiered-star topology while FireWire networks use a repeater-based topology
Firewire
a connection that allows high connection between a computer and another device
Serial Port
a connector by which a device that sends data one bit at a time may be connected to a computer.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
connects LANs in a metropolitan area
A user reports that an URL entered redirects to the same web page. A tech concludes that the user's computer has been comprised. What tool shoulod the tech use to resolve the issue?
anti-malware (NOT last known config, system restore or rogue antivirus)
Interfaces Firewire
apple trademark, IEEE 1394 -daisy chain up to 63 devices -4.5 meters (15 ft) distance limit per link -Firewire 400 - 100, 200, & 400 Mb/s, half duplex -Firewire 800 - 800 Mb/s full duplex, support up to 100M
A new help desk technician receives a trouble call from a user. The issue is something the technician has never encountered before, and does not know where to begin troubleshooting. The FIRST course of action is for the technician to:
ask the customer if they would mind holding for no more than two minutes to check resources (NOT the customer the issue needs to be escalated to a higher tier tech, tell the customer this is the first time encountering the issue and to please be patient, ask the customer to please hold while a senior citizen tech is consulted regarding the issue)
Synchronous - same rate, simultaneous
asynchronous - an operation starts after the preceding one has ended not at the same time
ATM
asynchronous transfer mode
ASR
automated system recovery
APIPA
automatic private internet protocol addressing
Joe, a technician, arrives onsite at a customer's home. Upon entering the home, Joe notices an unpleasant odor. In response to this, Joe pinches his nose and holds his breath. After Joe leaves, the customer reports the behavior to Joe's supervisor. The supervisor decides the issue must be addressed. What topic would the supervisor to be most likely to cover?
avoiding being judgmental
A tech is working a trouble ticket for a user. After addressing the issue, the tech asks the user to verify functionality. The user confirms the system is functioning, but the computer's speakers now emi an irritating noise. The tech states this is a byproduct of the solution, and the user will eventually get used to the noise. What professionalism princple is the tech failoing to address?
avoiding dismissal of the customer's problems
The type of security threat that uses computers or other networks to accept and pass on viruses is called:
botnets
A user's email inbox is suddenly receiving dozens of rejection messages from various mail servers. Which of the following would the technician perform to BEST solve the issue?
change the user's email password
a tech has been notified that recent vulnerabilities have been discovered related to a type of SOHO router. The tech has verified that all connections and settings are appropriate. What should the tech do next?
check for and apply a firmware update (NOT change the router firewall settings, reconfigure the QoS settings or change router user names and passwords)
A user has been granted permission to access the corporate network from a personal smartphone. Which of the following should a technician perform before configuring the phone for access?
check the phone for unauthorized root access (NOT disabloe the phone's Bluetooth chip, erase all personal data from the phone, check the phone for location tracking)
PRINTER MAINTENANCE Thermal Printers
clean heating element with alcohol -remove tiny bits of paper -print head pops out with lever
A customer is experiencing issues with email and calls the help desk. The technician determines it would help clarify the issue if the customer agrees to share their desktop. Prior to establishing a Remote Desktop Assistance connection with a customer, a technician should ask the customer to:
close any items of a personal nature (NOT reboot the computer and log back in, capture a screen shot of the error message, take steps to reproduce the error)
A customer has made several trouble calls to the help desk and is very irate. The technician that receives the call has learned that the issue has not yet been resolved. The technician politely asks the customer to explain the issue, and learns that the problem needs to be escalated. Which of the following should the technician do once the problem has been escalated? A. Communicate status with customer and ensure successful call transfer B. Remain on the line until the issue is resolved C. Inform the customer that the issue cannot be resolved at this level D. Tell customer that patience will be needed
communicate status with customer and ensure successful call transfer
CD
compact disc
CD-ROM
compact disc-read-only memory
CD-RW
compact disc-rewritable
CMOS
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
What is the best option to prevent data breaches on lost mobile devices?
configure the device to remote wipe as soon as it is reported lost.
What elements are different between an internal SATA cable and an eSATA cable?
connector shape electromagnetic shielding
An end-user is attempting to access a file-sharing site to download files shared by a customer, but is receiving a message stating the site has been blocked. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this issue?
content-filtering
copy
copy files
robocopy
copy files and directories
xcopy
copy files, directories, and subdirectories
md
create directory
Hard Drive
data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.
What task is automatically added to the task scheduler in WIndows to keep hard disk performance up?
defrag (NOT chkdsk, cleanmgr, dispart)
del
delete files
DMZ
demilitarized zone
DOS
denial of service
DLT
digital linear tape
DSL
digital subscriber line
DVD
digital video disc or digital versatile disc
DVD-RAM
digital video disc-random access memory
DVD-ROM
digital video disc-read only memory
DVD-R
digital video disc-recordable
DVD-RW
digital video disc-rewritable
DVI
digital visual interface
A tech is navigating through a Windows OS via command prompt. The tech needs to display the content of a folder. What is the best option for accomplishing this task?
dir
While navigating a Windows machine through command prompt, which of the following commands will a technician use to display the contents of the current folder? A. cd B. dir C. md D. rd
dir
DC
direct current
DMA
direct memory access
DAC
discretionary access control
Q2: Q technician is troubleshooting a PC with multiple vol.umes. To verify which are active and assigned drive letters, the technician should use the LIST function of which of the following commands?
diskpart
Monitor
display device of the computer
DDOS
distributed denial of service
DFS
distributed file system
When dealing with a difficult customer, what is the best to handle the situation?
do not argue with the customer and/or be defensive (NOT use tech terms to assure customer confidence, escalate the customer's issue to a supervisor, sympathize with the customer about the issue)
DNS
domain name service or domain name server
Joe, an end user, reports that the Windows PC he is using automatically locks when he leaves his desk and walks to a printer to retrieve documents. Joe is then required to type in his username and password to unlock the computer. The technician looks at the settings on the PC and notices that the screensaver and screen-lock options are grayed out on the computer and cannot be changed. What is the most likely cause of this issue?
domain-level group policies (NOT antivirus domain level policies, corrupted registry settings, incorrect local level user policies)
DDR
double data-rate
DDR RAM
double data-rate random access memory
DDR SDRAM
double data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
DIMM
dual inline memory module
DIP
dual inline package
DHCP
dynamic host configuration protocol
DRAM
dynamic random access memory
EEPROM
electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
EMI
electromagnetic interference
EMP
electromagnetic pulse
ESD
electrostatic discharge
ERD
emergency repair disk
A tech is configuring wireless for a home office. The custoemr wants to prevent others from accessing the wireless network. The customer has a small number of devices on the network and does not want to have to remember a complicated password. What should the tech recommend?
enable MAC filtering (NOT disable SSID broadcast, assign static IP addresses, turn on content filtering)
EIDE
enhanced integrated drive electronics
EPP
enhanced parallel port
EPROM
erasable programmable read-only memory
ECC
error correction code
GPT (GUID Partition Table) can support an almost unlimited number of partitions.
ext4 is a file system used on Linux
ECP
extended capabilities port
XGA
extended graphics array
EVGA
extended video graphics adapter/array
extract
extract files from cabinet
What do you use to clean your touch screen?>
eyeglass container plain water
FPM
fast page-mode
FDD
floppy disk drive
How many conductors are in a single PCIe lane?
four. Two in each pair.
FQDN
fully qualified domain name
PRINTER MAINTENANCE LASER PRINTERS
kits that include new rollers, fuser units, etc. -check page count to determine maintenance need -do calibration -clean dust from toner
Printer or Parallel Port
machine for printing text or pictures onto paper, especially while linked to a computer
a technician is remotely connecting to a workstation using SSH to transfer a security hotfix. What command line tool would the technician use to create a directory to store the hotfix?
md
Mb
megabit
MB
megabyte
MHz
megahertz
MAPI
messaging application programming interface
MicroDIMM
micro dual inline memory module
A Windows workstation is suspected of having malicious software that created an infected start-up item or service. What tool would a tech use to test this theory?
misconfig
A techis tasked to change the number of CPU cores available to the OS rto enchance productivity. What tool would allow the tech to perform this task?
msconfig
MFD
multi-function device
MFP
multi-function product
MUI
multilingual user interface
MMX
multimedia extensions
MIME
multipurpose internet mail extension
MIDI
musical instrument digital interface
NNTP
network news transfer protocol
NAS
network-attached storage
NetBIOS
networked basic input/output system
NLX
new low-profile extended
NTFS
new technology file system
NTLDR
new technology loader
NiCd
nickel cadmium
NiMH
nickel metal hydride
OEM
original equipment manufacturer
What might cause display artifacts?
overheated graphics card
a bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers
parallel - all data is being sent at the same pace and was faster in earlier computing. Serial - all data is transferred in a single file
What can be done to protect the CMOS setup program from accidental changes?
password protection on BIOS
A technician has purchased a new surge protector to protect equipment in the production environment. The surge protector's features safeguard the connected equipment
path of least resistance (NOT Path of shortest conductance, path of lowest inductance, path of highest voltage)
PCI
peripheral component interconnect
PCIe
peripheral component interconnect express
PCIX
peripheral component interconnect extended
PVC
permanent virtual circuit
PAN
personal area network
PC
personal computer
PDA
personal digital assistant
PIN
personal identification number
PS/2
personal system/2 connector
A recent data breach has revealed that comprised files contained employee photos, names and addresses. This information is sensitive because it is considered to be
personally identifiable information
PGA
pin grid array
PGA2
pin grid array 2
POTS
plain old telephone service
PnP
plug and play
What are the four major system resources used by computer devices?
port address memory addresses IRQ setting DMA setting
POP3
post office protocol 3
Interfaces Sata
power - 15 pins, data - 7 pins 1.0 - 1.5 Gb/s, 1 meter 2.0 - 3Gb/s - 1 meter 3.0 - 6Gb/s - 1 meter eSata- matches sata version, 2 meters
A user prefers an external monitor, mouse, and keyboard for a laptop. The user does not want to use the built-in screen; however, when the laptop lid is closed, it goes into sleep mode. Which of the following Control Panel items can be used to disable this feature? A. Action Center B. System C. Display Settings D. Power Options
power options
PSU
power supply unit
An administrator wants to give a user limited access rights in Windows Vista so that the user can install printers and create local user accounts. What accounhts should the admin create for the user?
power user (NOT Administrator, standard, guest) Power users have some more rights than standard.
POST
power-on self test
Q3: When using Win8.1 OS, what features allows scripts and snippets to run?
powershell
PXE
preboot execution environment
A technician is tasked with installing Windows on numerous network PCs. Which is the quickest method for getting a standard configuration to the PCs?
prebuilt image using PXE
PRI
primary rate interface
PRINTER MAINTENANCE Inkjet Printers
print heads need cleaned, can be done automatically or manual
PCL
printer control language
PSTN
public switched telephone network
WHich Linux comand would you use to show the directory you're currently in the working directory?
pwd.
QoS
quality of service
A user reports unexpected icons appearing on the desktop. The tech identifies that the symptoms point to a malware infection
quarantine infected system (not schedule scans/run updates/ disable system restore)
RF
radio frequency
RFI
radio frequency interference
RAM
random access memory
Re Drives: The LATENCY period is the time that it takes the sector to move under the head
re Drives: the ACCESS time is the overall time it tkes a hard drive to find data
RGB
red green blue
RISC
reduced instruction set computer
RAID
redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) discs
The refresh rate is not adjustable on most LCD displays?
refresh rate
RJ
registered jack
RJ-11
registered jack function 11
RJ-45
registered jack function 45
A technician has imported a .dll to fix a missing .dll issue on a PC. The application still does not run correctly and is reporting that the .dll is missing. What tool would the tech use to complete the import of the .dll?
regsrv32
RAS
remote access service
RIS
remote installation service
A user complains that whenever she presses the space key on her keyboard, she gets a bunch of spaces not just one. Which keyboard setting would you adjust for her?
repeat delay
grep
search for pattern of text in files
SCP
secure copy protection
SD card
secure digital card
SSH
secure shell
SSL
secure sockets layer
SATA
serial advanced technology attachment
DB-25
serial communications D-shell connector, 25 pins
SMB
server message block or small to midsize business
SP1
service pack 1
SP2
service pack 2
SP3
service pack 3
SP4
service pack 4
SSID
service set identifier
A network administrator notices a new WiFI connection has appeared as a wireless network choice and is always at the top of the list. As a result, users are constantly trying to connect to the wrong network. What should the admin do to correct this issue?
set all of the WiFi users' wireless profiles to automatically connect to the company network (NOT Adjust the wireless router antennas to 90 degrees clockwise from the current position, ask the new wireless network owner to adjust the radio powers level so it is listed below the company;'s network, change the company's channel to a lower number than the new network's channel)
Which disk management command would you use to check your hard disk for corrupt files and repair them?
sfc this command runs the System File Checker, which checks your hard disk for corrupt files and repairs them.
STP
shielded twisted pair
A tech has been tasked with disposing of hard drives that contain sensitive employee data. What would be the best method to use for disposing of these drives?
shredding
SMTP
simple mail transfer protocol
SNMP
simple network management protocol
You're advising coworkers on a projector for their new conference room. They've narrowed it down to two models with the same resolution and wattage, but one is LCD and one DLP. Which statements from them would make you recommend the DLP model?
since the room is dark, we want deep blacks more than bright whites smooth motion is more important than sharp images
SEC
single edge contact
SIMM
single inline memory module
SCSI
small computer system interface
SCSI ID
small computer system interface identifier
Mouse
small hand held device that is dragged across a flat surface to move the cursor on the monitor and often has buttons
SOHO
small office/home office
SoDIMM
small outline dual inline memory module
power bus
the power bus sends electrical power to small consumption devices such as speakers, lights,and switches
Laser printer order of processes you can remember with this: Crystal Clear Water Doesn't Taste Funny 1. Cleaning 2. Charging 3. Writing 4. Developing 5. Transferring 6. Fusing
the primary corona has the highest negative of charge in a printer
You know there is a fault somewhere on that 100 m cable, but it looks fine from the outside. What tool would be the best way to see where the flaw is?
time domain reflectometer
Mac OS Troubleshooting Kernel panic cause by hardware or software failure
to fix: Reboot Update software and firmware test and replace RAM ensure hard disk has plenty of free space
Mac OS Troubleshooting Proprietary crash screen: pinwheel caused by insufficent memory, slow processor or application error
to fix: test and upgrade memory or processor close any unused applications keep open applications to a minimum quit any frozen applications
TCP
transmission control protocol
TCP/IP
transmission control protocol/internet protocol
TFTP
trivial file transfer protocol
A user just downloaded a game onto his company phone. When he is not using the device, it unexpectedly dials unrecognized numbers and dials new content. The user is the victim of a
trojan horse (not spyware, social engineering, worms)
TPM
trusted platform module
What is the data width of PCIie X-1?
two bits of two pairs of conductors per lane
A tech has successfully completed a gpupdate from a CMD box of a user's PC and is ready to move to the next user. Which is the appropriate next step?
type EXIT at the command prompt and press Enter Click the "x" in the top right of the CMD window
Campus Area Network (CAN)
type of network spanning multiple buildings, such as a university or business campus
UDMA
ultra direct memory access
UXGA
ultra extended graphics array
a customer reports that a smartphone is experiencing a very short battery life. The user has been using this phone for a short time and has installed several apps recently. What might be the cause of the issue?
unauthorized root access (NOT slow data speeds, defective SD card, or signal drop or weak signal)
UAC
user account control
UDP
user datagram protocol
USMT
user state migration tool
A new user reports trying to login to a workstation but, when pressing CTRL+ALT+DEL, they are asked for a PIN. Which of the following should be done NEXT?
verify a smart card that been issued
RAM Slots Micro DIMM
very small, used in small laptops -DDR -172 pins -DDR2 & DDR3 - 214 pins
VGA
video graphics array
VRAM
video random access memory
VFAT
virtual file allocation table
An admin has a virtual client running but cannot receive network connectivity. The host workstation is able to access the network. What would the admin check on the host to repair the problem?
virtual host network adapter (not the cable connected to the network, USB host adapter, the domain of the virtual machine)
VPN
virtual private network
VoIP
voice over internet protocol
If you want to copy a subfolder and its contents from one location to another with a single command, which file management command would you use?
xcopy You can use XCOPY to copy files, directories, and subdirectories from one location to another
ZIP
zigzag inline package