Comptia ITF+

APPLICATIONS

such as word processors, spreadsheet programs, browse websites, send email, edit documents, and payroll programs

Taskkill

terminating a process through task manager which is often called "killing" the process

VIRTUALIZATION

that multiple operating systems can be installed and run simultaneously on a single computer

INPUT DEVICE

the computer receives data entered by the user through peripheral devices like mice, keyboards, scanners, cameras and microphones

BUS SPEED

the interface between the CPU and system memory

CONTROL PANEL

the location for the basic user-configurable settings for Windows and some apps via applets

TOUCHPAD

the mouse build in to the laptop

CLOCK SPEED

the number of instructions it can process in one second

APPLE iOS

the operating system for all Apple smartphones and tablets

OUTPUT DEVICE

the processed data is shown or played to the user through an output device like a monitor or loudspeaker system

SCRIPTING LANGUAGES

these languages support the automaion and configuration of a particular OS

ALT+F4

to close a tab

mmc.exe

used to create custom snap-ins

NOTIFICATION AREA

usually on the right side of the screen notifying you about what you want like an alarm or an update on a program, etc.

VARIABLES

value that can change during the execution of the program

PENTIUM

was Intel's premium 32-bit CPU brand. Used on "Mid-range" computer

GigaByte

(Gb) 1000*1000*1000 bytes (1,000,000,000 bytes) Disk capacity A gigabyte (GB), sometimes abbreviated as a gig, is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. At first it meant exactly 1 billion bytes, usually referring to the number of bytes in a computer hard drive.

KiloByte

(Kb) 1000 bytes ( 10*10*10 bytes) small files The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The International System of Units defines the prefix kilo as 1000; per this definition, one kilobyte is 1000 bytes. The internationally recommended unit symbol for the kilobyte is kB.

megabyte(MB or M)

(MB)about 1 million bytes One megabyte (abbreviated "MB") is equal to 1,000 kilobytes and precedes the gigabyte unit of measurement.(Mb) (Megabits) 1000*1000 bytes= (1,000,000 bytes) many files Megabytes are often used to measure the size of large files. For example, a high resolution JPEG image file might range is size from one to five megabytes. Uncompressed RAW images from a digital camera may require 10 to 50 MB of disk space

PetaByte

(Pb) 1000Tb or 10^15 bytes (1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes) Largest storage networks and cloud systems would have petabytes of capacity

TeraByte

(Tb) 1000GB (1,000,000,000,000 bytes) Individual disk units might be 1 or 2Tb usually used to describe large storage networks

Solid State Drive (SSD)

(non-volatile) Solid State Drive which uses a type of transistor-based memory called flash memory and are much faster than HDDs (Hard Disk Drive)a storage device that typically uses flash memory to store data, instructions, and information

BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION

(something you are)like a fingerprint verification on an iPhone or laptop to access or sign in to it. Iris or retina recognition, or facial recognition.

RAM

(volatile)(Random Access Memory) Converts a series of instructions which are stored in system memory. Ex: When a user types using the keyboard or scans a picture, the input is converted to digital data and stored in memory. Ex:system memory

System Memory

(volatile)The primary computer memory that holds instructions and data for currently executing software.The place where the computer holds current programs and data that are in use. This memory is volatile, meaning that it is only preserved while the system is powered up. More system memory(RAM) makes it possible to run more applications. It's provided by RAM modules

MOTHERBOARD

A circuit board that contains all of the computer system's main components.

AGP

Accelerated Graphics Port, PC architecture is based on one of PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnection), PCI with AGI, or PCI Express (PCIe). Used for old graphics adapters only with a bandwidth of 2133 MBps.

AGP:

Accelerated Graphics Port, PC architecture is based on one of PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnection), PCI with AGI, or PCI Express (PCIe). Used for old graphics adapters only with a bandwidth of 2133 MBps.

APPLE MAC OS

Apple's OS for macbooks and iMac that when it first arrived in 1984 came with GUI when IBM's PC used only command-line DOS operating system

ALU

Arithmetic Logic Unit, the control unit decodes each instruction in turn and either executes it itself or passes it to here

BIOS

Basic Input/Output System provides industry standard firmware that operates the essential components of the PC and ensures the design of each manufacturer's motherboard is PC compatible

AMD

CPU vendor such brands like Ryzen, Threadripper, Epyc

CPU vendors such brands like Core, Pentium, Celeron, Atom, Xeon

CPU vendors such brands like Core, Pentium, Celeron, Atom, Xeon

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Central Processing Unit that receives each instruction or data file from memory and processes it. The device that "runs" software programs. The CPU processes these instructions and directs other components to perform actions such as displaying an image on the screen or printing a document.

CPU:

Central Processing Unit which "runs" software programs. The brain of the computer

CHROME OS

Derived from Linux and developed by Google designed for the budget amrket

SERVER OS

Ex- Windows Server, Linux or UNIX. It's based on similar code to its workstation OS equivalent. Includes software packages to run network services and use different licensing to support more users.

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Graphical User Interface which helps make the computer easier to use by non-technical staff and home users.A type of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

GPU

Graphics Processing Unit that displays a high-res image to the user that requires a lot of processing power, especially if the image changes rapidly, as well as video, or used complicated 3D and texture effects like with computer games

OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)

Most companies producing PCs and laptops are referred to as Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) because rather than making each component that goes into a pc, they source components such as cpu's and RAM modules from manufacturers and put them together as a branded PC system.

NIC

Network Interface Card which is a wired network that provides an Ethernet port in the computer

POST(Power on self Test)

Power-On Self-Test which starts right before the Windows loading screen pops up when you turn on the computer. The POST rountine ensures that all the components required to start are present

RSI

Repetitive Strain Injury is a condition that occurs when the same task is carried out repeatedly for a long period, making use of the same muscles continuously.

LOCK SCREEN

Sign in screen to windows before entering

Operating System (OS)

System software that provides an interface between the user, application programs, and computer hardware. ex:windows, Linux, MAC, Windows Vista

INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND DEVICES

The Internet of Things is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.refers to a world in which many different types of things are embedded with processing and networking functionality Consumer connected devices include smart TVs, smart speakers, toys, wearables and smart appliances. Smart meters, commercial security systems and smart city technologies -- such as those used to monitor traffic and weather conditions -- are examples of industrial and enterprise IoT devices. Other technologies, including smart air conditioning, smart thermostats, smart lighting and smart security, span home, enterprise and industrial uses. In a smart home, for example, a user arrives home and his car communicates with the garage to open the door. Once inside, the thermostat is already adjusted to his preferred temperature, and the lighting is set to a lower intensity and his chosen color for relaxation, as his pacemaker data indicates it has been a stressful day.

UEFI

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface provides support for 64-bit CPU operation at boot, a full GUI and mouse operation at boot and better boot security

MEMORY

When a program starts its instructions are loaded here

FILE EXPLORER

Windows Explorer is the file management interface for Windows used to view, create, rename and delete files on local disks, removable drives and the network

Service

a Windows process that doesn't require any sort of user interaction and thus runs in the background (w/o a window)

KERNEL

a computer program which is the core of the OS that controls everything in the system

Management Interface

a graphical or command-line tool used to perform some aspect of system configuration

MAINFRAME

a large high speed workstation and the primary memory of a computer

Patents

a legal protection for some kind of invention that CAN apply to an idea so long as the idea is original (or novel), useful, and distinctive or non-trival

LOOPS

a loop is a sequence of instruction s that is continually repeated until a certain condition is reached. Typically, a certain process is done, such as getting an item of data and changing it, and then some condition is checked such as whether a counter has reached a prescribed number.

Process

a program starts the app code executes in memory as this

ERGONOMICS

a setup to easily fit the user, such as chair and a desk to make the user be comfortable and work better. Also to reduce RSI

Computer

a system that manipulates data according to a set of instructions

WORKSTATION

a type of pc housed in a case that can sit on or under a desk

Cron

a utility often used to run tasks or scripts at a particular time

MICROSOFT EDGE:

a web browser to search the internet that's preinstalled on Windows. Windows recommends to use Edge because it provides a consistent browser experience across devices like Android or iOS

Task manager

allows the user to shut down processes that aren't responding(taskmgr)

EMBEDDED OS

an embedded operating system is essentially a stripped-down operating system with a limited number of features. It is typically designed for very specific functions for controlling an electronic device. For example, all cell phones use an operating system that boots up when the phone is turned on. It handles all the basic interface and features of the phone. Additional programs can be loaded onto the phones, but they are typically JAVA applications that run on top of the operating system.a computer or appliance designed for a very specific function

SERVER

any computer providing services to other computers, usually server implies a powerful computer that supports a number of users simultaneously in a computer network. Server refers to either hardware or software. A hardware server may be running many software servers and sometimes different types of software servers. Ex: web servers, email servers, authentication servers, database servers and so on.

BATCH FILES

are a collection of command-lie instructions that you store in a .CMD file

LINUX

based on UNIX OS and developed as a fully open source alternative to UNIX

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

code that is used as basis for the apps that are used on your computing device

Binary Notation

computers use this notation to calculate and process info. It's a numbering system where each single digit can express only two values, range 0 to 1 (base 2) (Booleen)

Computer Management

console that contains a number of different administrative snap-ins

STORAGE

data written into different types of storage devices like a hard drive or optical discs (Non-Volatile) Ex:HDD (harddisk drive, SSD(Solid State Drive)

Decimal Notation

decimal system (base 10) is well understood and based on the principal of expressing ten different numbers using a single digit in the range 0 to 9.

Snap-ins

each of these configures the settings for a different OS sub-system, like disk management or user management

SHORTCUT ICONS:

ease of access for programs

Hexadecimal Notation

enables you to express 16 different numbers using a single digit in range 0 to F. Used in programming like IP (internet protocol) networks

WINDOWS POWERSHELL

enables you to perform management and admin. tasks in Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016.

DUAL-CORE

essentially two processors combined on the same die

GAMING CONSOLE

have powerful cpus and graphics processors, plus Ethernet and WiFi for wired and wireless home networking and internet connectivity.

FAULT TOLERANT

in order for a server to be reliable it needs to starting specifying high quality components and also by using extra copies of components for redundancy

PROGRAM SEQUENCE

instructions for your computer to perform

DRM (Digital rights management)

invented to try to enforce "per-per-use" for digital products. Vendor may license the file for use on a restricted number of devices when purchasing a digital product.

HEATSINKS

is a block of metal with fins that exposes a larger surface area to the air around the component, a greater cooling effect by convention is achieved.

START MENU

manage programs and easily search different applications

COMMERICAL OS

means the user must purchase a license to install and use the OS software on a particular device.

WINDOWS 10 MOBILE

mobile device of Microsoft like Windows CE, Windows Phone 7 and 8. Failed to succeed like Windows did in the PC market

PERIPHERAL DEVICES

mouse, keyboard, monitor, speaker, microphone, printer, etc.

Trademark

must be distinctive within the industry in which the company is selling goods and servies

Intellectual Property

often the most valuable info asset that an organization owns, various different types of IP and different ways to protect them from theft

Digital Products

one that is sold or distributed as binary computer data like software, pc games, ebooks, music, tracks, streaming video, video downloads, etc

TASKBAR

opening programs easier for your favorite or mainly used programs which is located at the bottom of the screen.

Threads

parts of the program scheduled for execution by the CPU

OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING (OOP)

popular way to designing code, the idea is that creating recogniziable things within the code and making them interact through defined method makes the code and making them interact through defined methods makes the code easier to maintain and update.

POWER SOURCE

portable computers can be run from internal battery packs as well as from building power

NETWORKING

portable computers use wireless radio technologies to connect to networks rather than cabled connections

VBSCRIPT

provides similar functionality to Javascript, often used by networking admins to perform repetitive admin tasks.

WINDOWS 10

released in 2015 and is the current windows of today. Microsoft doesn't plan on making another version but instead updating its features periodically

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

represents a machine code in human-readable text. Specific to a hardware architecture, to complied, interpreted, and query languages which you can use to write code that can be run on a number of platforms.

MEDICAL DEVICES

represents another class of devices where use if electronics to remotely monitor and configure that appliance is expanding rapidly. Ex: cardiac monitors, defibrillators, insulin pumps

Task Scheduler:

sets tasks to run at a particular time

CROSS-PLATFORM SOFTWARE:

software programs written to run for PCs and laptops for touched-based mobile devices and OS

SINGLE-PLATFORM SOFTWARE:

software programs written to run under a particular OS