Comptia ITF+
APPLICATIONS
such as word processors, spreadsheet programs, browse websites, send email, edit documents, and payroll programs
Taskkill
terminating a process through task manager which is often called "killing" the process
VIRTUALIZATION
that multiple operating systems can be installed and run simultaneously on a single computer
INPUT DEVICE
the computer receives data entered by the user through peripheral devices like mice, keyboards, scanners, cameras and microphones
BUS SPEED
the interface between the CPU and system memory
CONTROL PANEL
the location for the basic user-configurable settings for Windows and some apps via applets
TOUCHPAD
the mouse build in to the laptop
CLOCK SPEED
the number of instructions it can process in one second
APPLE iOS
the operating system for all Apple smartphones and tablets
OUTPUT DEVICE
the processed data is shown or played to the user through an output device like a monitor or loudspeaker system
SCRIPTING LANGUAGES
these languages support the automaion and configuration of a particular OS
ALT+F4
to close a tab
mmc.exe
used to create custom snap-ins
NOTIFICATION AREA
usually on the right side of the screen notifying you about what you want like an alarm or an update on a program, etc.
VARIABLES
value that can change during the execution of the program
PENTIUM
was Intel's premium 32-bit CPU brand. Used on "Mid-range" computer
GigaByte
(Gb) 1000*1000*1000 bytes (1,000,000,000 bytes) Disk capacity A gigabyte (GB), sometimes abbreviated as a gig, is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. At first it meant exactly 1 billion bytes, usually referring to the number of bytes in a computer hard drive.
KiloByte
(Kb) 1000 bytes ( 10*10*10 bytes) small files The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The International System of Units defines the prefix kilo as 1000; per this definition, one kilobyte is 1000 bytes. The internationally recommended unit symbol for the kilobyte is kB.
megabyte(MB or M)
(MB)about 1 million bytes One megabyte (abbreviated "MB") is equal to 1,000 kilobytes and precedes the gigabyte unit of measurement.(Mb) (Megabits) 1000*1000 bytes= (1,000,000 bytes) many files Megabytes are often used to measure the size of large files. For example, a high resolution JPEG image file might range is size from one to five megabytes. Uncompressed RAW images from a digital camera may require 10 to 50 MB of disk space
PetaByte
(Pb) 1000Tb or 10^15 bytes (1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes) Largest storage networks and cloud systems would have petabytes of capacity
TeraByte
(Tb) 1000GB (1,000,000,000,000 bytes) Individual disk units might be 1 or 2Tb usually used to describe large storage networks
Solid State Drive (SSD)
(non-volatile) Solid State Drive which uses a type of transistor-based memory called flash memory and are much faster than HDDs (Hard Disk Drive)a storage device that typically uses flash memory to store data, instructions, and information
BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION
(something you are)like a fingerprint verification on an iPhone or laptop to access or sign in to it. Iris or retina recognition, or facial recognition.
RAM
(volatile)(Random Access Memory) Converts a series of instructions which are stored in system memory. Ex: When a user types using the keyboard or scans a picture, the input is converted to digital data and stored in memory. Ex:system memory
System Memory
(volatile)The primary computer memory that holds instructions and data for currently executing software.The place where the computer holds current programs and data that are in use. This memory is volatile, meaning that it is only preserved while the system is powered up. More system memory(RAM) makes it possible to run more applications. It's provided by RAM modules
MOTHERBOARD
A circuit board that contains all of the computer system's main components.
AGP
Accelerated Graphics Port, PC architecture is based on one of PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnection), PCI with AGI, or PCI Express (PCIe). Used for old graphics adapters only with a bandwidth of 2133 MBps.
AGP:
Accelerated Graphics Port, PC architecture is based on one of PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnection), PCI with AGI, or PCI Express (PCIe). Used for old graphics adapters only with a bandwidth of 2133 MBps.
APPLE MAC OS
Apple's OS for macbooks and iMac that when it first arrived in 1984 came with GUI when IBM's PC used only command-line DOS operating system
ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit, the control unit decodes each instruction in turn and either executes it itself or passes it to here
BIOS
Basic Input/Output System provides industry standard firmware that operates the essential components of the PC and ensures the design of each manufacturer's motherboard is PC compatible
AMD
CPU vendor such brands like Ryzen, Threadripper, Epyc
CPU vendors such brands like Core, Pentium, Celeron, Atom, Xeon
CPU vendors such brands like Core, Pentium, Celeron, Atom, Xeon
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Central Processing Unit that receives each instruction or data file from memory and processes it. The device that "runs" software programs. The CPU processes these instructions and directs other components to perform actions such as displaying an image on the screen or printing a document.
CPU:
Central Processing Unit which "runs" software programs. The brain of the computer
CHROME OS
Derived from Linux and developed by Google designed for the budget amrket
SERVER OS
Ex- Windows Server, Linux or UNIX. It's based on similar code to its workstation OS equivalent. Includes software packages to run network services and use different licensing to support more users.
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
Graphical User Interface which helps make the computer easier to use by non-technical staff and home users.A type of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.
GPU
Graphics Processing Unit that displays a high-res image to the user that requires a lot of processing power, especially if the image changes rapidly, as well as video, or used complicated 3D and texture effects like with computer games
OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)
Most companies producing PCs and laptops are referred to as Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) because rather than making each component that goes into a pc, they source components such as cpu's and RAM modules from manufacturers and put them together as a branded PC system.
NIC
Network Interface Card which is a wired network that provides an Ethernet port in the computer
POST(Power on self Test)
Power-On Self-Test which starts right before the Windows loading screen pops up when you turn on the computer. The POST rountine ensures that all the components required to start are present
RSI
Repetitive Strain Injury is a condition that occurs when the same task is carried out repeatedly for a long period, making use of the same muscles continuously.
LOCK SCREEN
Sign in screen to windows before entering
Operating System (OS)
System software that provides an interface between the user, application programs, and computer hardware. ex:windows, Linux, MAC, Windows Vista
INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND DEVICES
The Internet of Things is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.refers to a world in which many different types of things are embedded with processing and networking functionality Consumer connected devices include smart TVs, smart speakers, toys, wearables and smart appliances. Smart meters, commercial security systems and smart city technologies -- such as those used to monitor traffic and weather conditions -- are examples of industrial and enterprise IoT devices. Other technologies, including smart air conditioning, smart thermostats, smart lighting and smart security, span home, enterprise and industrial uses. In a smart home, for example, a user arrives home and his car communicates with the garage to open the door. Once inside, the thermostat is already adjusted to his preferred temperature, and the lighting is set to a lower intensity and his chosen color for relaxation, as his pacemaker data indicates it has been a stressful day.
UEFI
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface provides support for 64-bit CPU operation at boot, a full GUI and mouse operation at boot and better boot security
MEMORY
When a program starts its instructions are loaded here
FILE EXPLORER
Windows Explorer is the file management interface for Windows used to view, create, rename and delete files on local disks, removable drives and the network
Service
a Windows process that doesn't require any sort of user interaction and thus runs in the background (w/o a window)
KERNEL
a computer program which is the core of the OS that controls everything in the system
Management Interface
a graphical or command-line tool used to perform some aspect of system configuration
MAINFRAME
a large high speed workstation and the primary memory of a computer
Patents
a legal protection for some kind of invention that CAN apply to an idea so long as the idea is original (or novel), useful, and distinctive or non-trival
LOOPS
a loop is a sequence of instruction s that is continually repeated until a certain condition is reached. Typically, a certain process is done, such as getting an item of data and changing it, and then some condition is checked such as whether a counter has reached a prescribed number.
Process
a program starts the app code executes in memory as this
ERGONOMICS
a setup to easily fit the user, such as chair and a desk to make the user be comfortable and work better. Also to reduce RSI
Computer
a system that manipulates data according to a set of instructions
WORKSTATION
a type of pc housed in a case that can sit on or under a desk
Cron
a utility often used to run tasks or scripts at a particular time
MICROSOFT EDGE:
a web browser to search the internet that's preinstalled on Windows. Windows recommends to use Edge because it provides a consistent browser experience across devices like Android or iOS
Task manager
allows the user to shut down processes that aren't responding(taskmgr)
EMBEDDED OS
an embedded operating system is essentially a stripped-down operating system with a limited number of features. It is typically designed for very specific functions for controlling an electronic device. For example, all cell phones use an operating system that boots up when the phone is turned on. It handles all the basic interface and features of the phone. Additional programs can be loaded onto the phones, but they are typically JAVA applications that run on top of the operating system.a computer or appliance designed for a very specific function
SERVER
any computer providing services to other computers, usually server implies a powerful computer that supports a number of users simultaneously in a computer network. Server refers to either hardware or software. A hardware server may be running many software servers and sometimes different types of software servers. Ex: web servers, email servers, authentication servers, database servers and so on.
BATCH FILES
are a collection of command-lie instructions that you store in a .CMD file
LINUX
based on UNIX OS and developed as a fully open source alternative to UNIX
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
code that is used as basis for the apps that are used on your computing device
Binary Notation
computers use this notation to calculate and process info. It's a numbering system where each single digit can express only two values, range 0 to 1 (base 2) (Booleen)
Computer Management
console that contains a number of different administrative snap-ins
STORAGE
data written into different types of storage devices like a hard drive or optical discs (Non-Volatile) Ex:HDD (harddisk drive, SSD(Solid State Drive)
Decimal Notation
decimal system (base 10) is well understood and based on the principal of expressing ten different numbers using a single digit in the range 0 to 9.
Snap-ins
each of these configures the settings for a different OS sub-system, like disk management or user management
SHORTCUT ICONS:
ease of access for programs
Hexadecimal Notation
enables you to express 16 different numbers using a single digit in range 0 to F. Used in programming like IP (internet protocol) networks
WINDOWS POWERSHELL
enables you to perform management and admin. tasks in Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016.
DUAL-CORE
essentially two processors combined on the same die
GAMING CONSOLE
have powerful cpus and graphics processors, plus Ethernet and WiFi for wired and wireless home networking and internet connectivity.
FAULT TOLERANT
in order for a server to be reliable it needs to starting specifying high quality components and also by using extra copies of components for redundancy
PROGRAM SEQUENCE
instructions for your computer to perform
DRM (Digital rights management)
invented to try to enforce "per-per-use" for digital products. Vendor may license the file for use on a restricted number of devices when purchasing a digital product.
HEATSINKS
is a block of metal with fins that exposes a larger surface area to the air around the component, a greater cooling effect by convention is achieved.
START MENU
manage programs and easily search different applications
COMMERICAL OS
means the user must purchase a license to install and use the OS software on a particular device.
WINDOWS 10 MOBILE
mobile device of Microsoft like Windows CE, Windows Phone 7 and 8. Failed to succeed like Windows did in the PC market
PERIPHERAL DEVICES
mouse, keyboard, monitor, speaker, microphone, printer, etc.
Trademark
must be distinctive within the industry in which the company is selling goods and servies
Intellectual Property
often the most valuable info asset that an organization owns, various different types of IP and different ways to protect them from theft
Digital Products
one that is sold or distributed as binary computer data like software, pc games, ebooks, music, tracks, streaming video, video downloads, etc
TASKBAR
opening programs easier for your favorite or mainly used programs which is located at the bottom of the screen.
Threads
parts of the program scheduled for execution by the CPU
OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING (OOP)
popular way to designing code, the idea is that creating recogniziable things within the code and making them interact through defined method makes the code and making them interact through defined methods makes the code easier to maintain and update.
POWER SOURCE
portable computers can be run from internal battery packs as well as from building power
NETWORKING
portable computers use wireless radio technologies to connect to networks rather than cabled connections
VBSCRIPT
provides similar functionality to Javascript, often used by networking admins to perform repetitive admin tasks.
WINDOWS 10
released in 2015 and is the current windows of today. Microsoft doesn't plan on making another version but instead updating its features periodically
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
represents a machine code in human-readable text. Specific to a hardware architecture, to complied, interpreted, and query languages which you can use to write code that can be run on a number of platforms.
MEDICAL DEVICES
represents another class of devices where use if electronics to remotely monitor and configure that appliance is expanding rapidly. Ex: cardiac monitors, defibrillators, insulin pumps
Task Scheduler:
sets tasks to run at a particular time
CROSS-PLATFORM SOFTWARE:
software programs written to run for PCs and laptops for touched-based mobile devices and OS
SINGLE-PLATFORM SOFTWARE:
software programs written to run under a particular OS
