Computer Concepts Final Exam 1-7

In a digital integrated circuit such as a microprocessor, a logical 0 value is usually represented as:

A low or near-zero voltage

An integrated circuit (also called computer chip, microchip, or simply chip) is:

A set of microscopic electronic components

Because of its low power consumption, the most popular processor for smartphones is:

ARM

If your laptop has a MiniDisplay port for the external video but your monitor has only a DVI connection, you need:

An adapter

If you scan in an image from a paper document, the result is:

Bitmap image

The voices of Siri were created by live actors, but they couldn't record every possible response to user queries. The process used to create sentences from phonemes is called:

Concatenative speech synthesis

How do you produce a 2D image of an irregular shape such as a bumpy stone with vector graphics software?

Draw a series of short line segments to outline the stone, then fill it with color.

The codes used in documents for formatting styles and margins are defined by:

The software that created the document such as Microsoft Word or Apple Pages

What is the textbook's recommended backup system for macOS computers?

Time machine

Arturo just spilled his bottled water all over his laptop. What would be the wisest action for Arturo to take first?

Turn the laptop off.

A plain text document does NOT contain

Underlining and special fonts

A Web designer who combines several separate photographs with overlapping edges in order to create a panoramic image is using a technique called _____.

clipping path joining

The software that compresses a video stream when a video is stored and decompresses the file when the video is played is a(n) _____.

codec

Which type of audio file format is used to store most music for portable media players?

compressed

Which of the following are not factors that directly affect the quality of digital video?

compression technique

To select the product that will best fit your needs when purchasing a new digital device, you should begin by _____.

considering how you plan to use your device

A microprocessor instruction set _____.

contains a collection of directions for actions that its circuitry can perform

In a microprocessor, instructions to be executed are fetched by the _____.

control unit

Which device should you purchase if you want an affordable system that is ideal for dedicated gamers, serious designers, desktop publishers, and video editors?

desktop

Software that helps a peripheral device establish communication with its host device is called a _____.

device driver

Text, numbers, graphics, sound, and video that have been converted into discrete digits such as 0s and 1s are _____.

digital data

The advantages of liquid crystal display (LCD) screens include _________________.

display clarity

Solid state storage is also known as:

flash memory

Professor Plum draws a diagram to show the class how data from external devices travels through the circuitry of a computer. The arrows representing the data should take what path?

port to expansion bus to RAM to local bus to CPU

In which form of processing must all steps in the instruction cycle be completed before the microprocessor begins to execute the next instruction?

serial

When it is one of the fastest computers in the world at the time of its construction, a computer can be categorized as a(n) _________________.

supercomputer

A live stream _____.

is also called a Webcast

A file with the .wav extension _____.

is supported in Web browsers without any plugins

Which of the following file extensions does not indicate that a file is a vector graphic file?

.tif

Which extension at the end of a file name indicates that the file has been compressed?

.zip

In the RGB system, if each color is represented by a number from 0-255, the color white would be represented as:

255,255,255

If you see an error message indicating that you cannot copy a certain audio or video file because you have already made the allowed number of copies, the system used to impose this restriction is termed:

DRM (Digital Rights Management)

CDs and DVDs store data as:

Dark and light spots

Which of the following is difficult or impossible to reconstruct if not backed up?

Data files

You have just started a copy of a very large file from your laptop to a USB drive. To make sure the copy is complete before disconnecting the USB drive, you should use the ______ function of your operating system.

Eject

A clamshell device:

Has a keyboard as the base and a screen on the hinged cover

Which of the following is not a characteristic of solid state drives?

Highly sensitive to mechanical shock (ie, dropping)

A friend calls you in a panic because the hard drive in his Windows PC has failed. He asks you what he should do now. What next steps do you recommend to your friend?

Install a new hard drive and use your recovery drive to boot the computer.

One of the main disadvantages of MIDI is:

It cannot produce vocals

Which of the following statements about cloud storage is false?

It is expensive compared to other forms of storage.

If you attempt to compress an image in JPEG/JPG or PNG format, the result will be:

Not much more shrinkage

Which of the following is not a type of file format that holds a compressed video stream and an audio stream?

PNG

Into which component are data, application software instructions, and operating system instructions loaded each time a computer is powered on?

RAM

An alternative term for bitmap is:

Raster

Run-Length Encoding (RLE) accomplishes lossless compression by:

Replacing a series of similarly colored pixels with a binary code that indicates the number of pixels and their colors

If you have a paper document you wish to edit, you must:

Scan it into a computer using an OCR program

The most commonly used digital device in the world is:

Smartphone

My GPS can pronounce the names of streets, even though these have not been recorded for its database. The technology used for this is:

Speech Synthesis

The process of backing up a smartphone to a desktop or laptop computer is termed:

Syncing

What color is a microprocessor chip?

The color may vary and is unimportant

The term form factor refers to:

The size and dimensions of a device or component

Which of the following is not a type of bitmap format?

ZIP

A vector graphic consists of:

a set of instructions for creating a picture

Combining two images with red and blue overlays to create a stereoscopic effect produces a graphic called a(n) _____.

anaglyph

Today's widescreen devices, such as laptops and smartphones, are designed for the 16:9 __________.

aspect ratio

Martijn downloads a new app to his smartphone that lets point his camera at one of his friends and see what they would look like with a cartoon animal dancing on their head as they walk around. How should you categorize this type of technology?

augmented reality

Which technology adds computer-generated vector objects to a view of the real world?

augmented reality

An INS would most likely be found in a(n) _________________.

autonomous vehicle

Digital devices can represent virtually any number simply by using the 0s and 1s of the _____.

binary number system

Numbers that represent dollar amounts and will be used to calculate the total cost and sales tax for an order are represented as _____.

binary numbers

One important consideration when evaluating local storage options for digital devices is the amount of data that can be stored, referred to as _____.

capacity

A photographer can capture images of a scene from the front, back, and sides and then stitch them together to produce a 360-degree image similar to the view from a merry-go-round, called a(n) _____.

cylindrical projection

Gagan's desktop computer is hit by an electrical surge that corrupts the device's boot loader. Gagan recognizes that he might be able to correct this problem by _____.

flashing the ROM

The number of bitmap images that are displayed per second as a video plays is called the _______.

frame rate

Which of the following sensors would be most useful for helping a drone remain level as it flies?

gyro sensor

Mitzi is shopping for an external storage device that she can use to back up her laptop. One product's description is: "4 TB 5400 RPM HDD SATA 6.0 Gb/s." This means that this storage device _____.

has a speed of 5,400 revolutions per minute

You can adjust the brightness values for various ranges of dark, mid-range, or light pixels within an image using a photo editor's _____.

image histogram

When you attempt to enlarge a bitmap by increasing its resolution, graphics software will typically create new pixels by averaging the colors of nearby pixels, a process called pixel _____.

interpolation

Which device should you purchase if you want a portable system that combines all components in a single unit and supports both professional productivity and content consumption?

laptop

Which of the following is a small, lightweight personal computer that is designed like a clam shell?

laptop computer

Bella is an office manager for an audio equipment firm who has been tasked with selecting a new printer that will be used to print high volumes of black and white user manuals and product data sheets. Which type of printer should she choose?

laser printer

Journee notices that her smartphone's touchscreen is looking dirty and would like to safely clean it. She should _____.

leave her plastic screen protector on the touchscreen and wipe it with a disinfecting wipe

Which of the following sensors would best help an autonomous vehicle calculate the distance between itself and another vehicle?

lidar

Microprocessors can't directly understand the programming languages typically used by software developers, so programs have to be converted into binary strings of 0s and 1s called _____.

machine language instructions

Most computers have temporary holding areas for data called __________.

memory

Modern refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances are controlled by integrated circuits that combine sensors with processing circuitry, called _____..

microcontrollers

Which feature of device touchscreens is designed to repel the oils deposited by fingers that tap and swipe the screen?

oleophobic coating

Media is sent to a local device where it is stored temporarily, or "buffered," until there is enough data to begin playback by a(n) _____ stream.

on-demand

When vector animations are used for special effects in movies, the animation sequences are _____________.

pre-rendered into digital video clips

Interlaced scanning _____.

produces an image by drawing every other line

The number of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording process is referred to as the sampling _____.

rate

Which category of optical storage technology is used to mass-produce compact discs whose contents cannot be changed?

read-only

Interactive sequences in video games require developers to produce a series of bitmap images while the game is played using _____.

real-time rendering

The process for creating a vector-based computer animation _____.

requires the artist to create keyframes of vector objects

What is a significant disadvantage of storage devices that rely on magnetic storage technology?

risk for head crashes

When recording narration for a brief instructional video, Jerusha _____.

selects a sampling rate of 11 kHz because this project doesn't require high-quality sound

Which type of algorithm do self-driving vehicles use to gather data, analyze it, and then carry out the required actions?

sense-plan-act

Ina has just acquired a new Mac laptop to use for work and wants to protect herself against data loss. To accomplish this, she purchases an external storage device and _____.

sets the Time Machine utility to run in the background while she uses her laptop

The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) requires how many bits for each character?

seven

Romanius conducts a photo shoot late in the afternoon for a client. When he examines the photographs on his laptop later, he discovers that the sunlight has made the foreground objects appear too dark in some of them. Romanius can remediate this problem by _____.

sliding the levels bar in his image editor's histogram tool

You should establish a regular maintenance routine for your digital devices, but be sure to avoid _____.

spraying cleaning agents directly on them

Riley wants to compress a group of Microsoft Word files into one unit that she can e-mail to a colleague at work from her Mac. She should begin by _____.

starting File Explorer and right-clicking the files

Manipulating two-dimensional images to produce the illusion of three-dimensional depth is called ____________________.

stereoscopy

Digital photographers use software such as Autopano or PTGui, panoramic functions on digital cameras, or smartphone apps such as Photo Sphere to capture photos for image _____.

stitching

To convert an audio file stored on a CD into a format that you can listen to on a smartphone you can use the process called _____.

streaming

Vector graphics are _____.

suitable for most line art, logos, and diagrams

Pablo would like to be able to view more application windows side by side on his laptop screen. To achieve this, he can _____.

switch to a higher screen resolution, which will make the windows and the text and icons inside them smaller

Helping the computer system monitor itself in order to function efficiently is the primary purpose of _____ software.

system

Which device should you purchase if you want a small, portable system that is great for consuming content such as books, music, and videos and that do you not intend to use for creating content or multitasking?

tablet

When a computing device is turned on, the boot loader _____.

verifies that the computer's hardware is operating correctly