COMPUTER ORGANIZATION - MIDTERM

For data movement

The input and output instructions

Condition codes

These refer to the setting of one or more status flags.

PUSH Source

Thhis decrements the extended stack pointer (ESP) and copies the source operand to the stack top

Jcc Dest

This checks the stae of one or more status flags in the register

INS Dest, Source

This copies data from the I/O port specified by the source operand to the destination operand, which is a memory location

OUTS Dest, Source

This copies the byte, word, or doubleword value fro the source operand, which is a memory location, to the I/O port specified witht he destination operand

OUT Dest, Source

This copies the byte, word, or doubleword value from the source register to the I/O port specified by the destination operand

POP Dest

This copies the stock top to the destination and increments the ESP

Source operand reference

This encompasses the input for the operation. An operation may involve one or more source operands

Result operand reference

This encompasses the results of the operation

Next instruction reference

This indicates where the processor should fetch the next instruction

INT Nr

This interruprs the current program and runs a specfied interrupt program

NOP

This is one-byte or multi-byte instruction that takes up space in the instruction stream but does not impact the machine context

CALL Proc

This saves the procedure linking information on the stack and branches to the called procedure that is specified by the operand

Operation code

This specifies the operation to be performed. It is also known as the opcode

XCHG Op1, Op2

This swaps the contents between two registers or between register and memory

Intel x86 instruction set

involves complex array of operation types, including some specialized instructions.

Status flags

these are bits in a special register that may can be set by certain operations and can be used in conditional branch instructions

WAIT

this causes the processor to repeatedly check for and handle pending, unmasked, floating-point exceptions before proceeding

MOV Dest, Source

this is used to move data between registers or between registers and memory

HLT

this stops instruction execution and places the processor in a halt state

Load and store instructions

In the ARM instructions set, only the load and the store instructions can access memory locations.

For data processing

The aritmetic and logic instructions

Instruction set

The collection of different instructions that a processor can execute.

For data storage

The entry or exit of data into registers and memory locations

Procedural instructions

The intel x86 provides four instructions that support procedural call/return which are: CALL, ENTER, LEAVE, RETURN

For control

The test and branch instructions

Memory management instructions

These are considered specialized instructions that deals with memory segmentation.

JMP Dest

This tansfers program control to a different point in the instruction strea, without recording the return information

RET

This transfers the program control to a return address located on the top of the stack. The return is amde to the instruction that follows the CALL instruction

System control instructions

are instructions that can only be executed while the processor is in a certain priveleged state, or is executing a program in a distinct privileged area of the memory

Advanced RISC Machines instruction set

encompasses a large collection of operatio types