COMPUTER ORGANIZATION - MIDTERM
For data movement
The input and output instructions
Condition codes
These refer to the setting of one or more status flags.
PUSH Source
Thhis decrements the extended stack pointer (ESP) and copies the source operand to the stack top
Jcc Dest
This checks the stae of one or more status flags in the register
INS Dest, Source
This copies data from the I/O port specified by the source operand to the destination operand, which is a memory location
OUTS Dest, Source
This copies the byte, word, or doubleword value fro the source operand, which is a memory location, to the I/O port specified witht he destination operand
OUT Dest, Source
This copies the byte, word, or doubleword value from the source register to the I/O port specified by the destination operand
POP Dest
This copies the stock top to the destination and increments the ESP
Source operand reference
This encompasses the input for the operation. An operation may involve one or more source operands
Result operand reference
This encompasses the results of the operation
Next instruction reference
This indicates where the processor should fetch the next instruction
INT Nr
This interruprs the current program and runs a specfied interrupt program
NOP
This is one-byte or multi-byte instruction that takes up space in the instruction stream but does not impact the machine context
CALL Proc
This saves the procedure linking information on the stack and branches to the called procedure that is specified by the operand
Operation code
This specifies the operation to be performed. It is also known as the opcode
XCHG Op1, Op2
This swaps the contents between two registers or between register and memory
Intel x86 instruction set
involves complex array of operation types, including some specialized instructions.
Status flags
these are bits in a special register that may can be set by certain operations and can be used in conditional branch instructions
WAIT
this causes the processor to repeatedly check for and handle pending, unmasked, floating-point exceptions before proceeding
MOV Dest, Source
this is used to move data between registers or between registers and memory
HLT
this stops instruction execution and places the processor in a halt state
Load and store instructions
In the ARM instructions set, only the load and the store instructions can access memory locations.
For data processing
The aritmetic and logic instructions
Instruction set
The collection of different instructions that a processor can execute.
For data storage
The entry or exit of data into registers and memory locations
Procedural instructions
The intel x86 provides four instructions that support procedural call/return which are: CALL, ENTER, LEAVE, RETURN
For control
The test and branch instructions
Memory management instructions
These are considered specialized instructions that deals with memory segmentation.
JMP Dest
This tansfers program control to a different point in the instruction strea, without recording the return information
RET
This transfers the program control to a return address located on the top of the stack. The return is amde to the instruction that follows the CALL instruction
System control instructions
are instructions that can only be executed while the processor is in a certain priveleged state, or is executing a program in a distinct privileged area of the memory
Advanced RISC Machines instruction set
encompasses a large collection of operatio types