Computer Science Chapter 1 Data representation

Decimal System

A base-10 number system using digits 0 through 9.

Hexadecimal System

A base-16 number system using digits 0-9 and letters A-F to represent values.

Binary System

A base-2 number system using only 0s and 1s.

Parity Bit

A binary digit added to a group of binary digits to make the total number of 1s either even (even parity) or odd (odd parity).

Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)

A binary-encoded representation of decimal numbers, where each decimal digit is represented by a fixed number of binary bits.

Unicode

A character encoding standard that supports a larger range of characters and symbols than ASCII.

Nibble

A group of 4 bits.

Byte

A group of 8 bits, often used to represent a character.

Checksum Algorithm

A mathematical algorithm used to calculate a checksum for error detection.

Binary Addition

A method of adding binary numbers, similar to decimal addition.

Two's Complement

A method of representing signed numbers where the leftmost bit is the sign bit, and the rest of the bits represent the magnitude.

Sign and Magnitude

A method of representing signed numbers where the leftmost bit represents the sign (0 for positive, 1 for negative).

Run-Length Encoding (RLE)

A simple form of data compression where consecutive elements of the data that are the same are replaced with a single instance of that element.

Character Encoding

A system that assigns a unique number to each character or symbol.

Checksum

A value calculated from data to detect errors during transmission or storage.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

A widely used character encoding standard.

Bitmap Image

An image represented by a grid of pixels, where each pixel is assigned a specific color.

Vector Image

An image represented by mathematical equations and geometric shapes.

Lossless Compression

Compression algorithm that retains all the original data when the file is decompressed.

Lossy Compression

Compression algorithm that sacrifices some of the original data to achieve higher compression ratios.

Binary to Denary Conversion

Converting a binary number to its decimal equivalent.

Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion

Converting a binary number to its hexadecimal equivalent.

Denary to Binary Conversion

Converting a decimal number to its binary equivalent.

Denary to Hexadecimal Conversion

Converting a decimal number to its hexadecimal equivalent.

Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion

Converting a hexadecimal number to its binary equivalent.

Hexadecimal to Denary Conversion

Converting a hexadecimal number to its decimal equivalent.

Metadata

Information that describes other data, such as the size and resolution of an image file.

Overflow

Occurs when the result of an operation is too large to be represented with the available number of bits.

Encryption

The process of converting data into a secure format to prevent unauthorized access.

Bit (Binary Digit)

The smallest unit of data in computing, representing a 0 or 1.