COMPUTER - WHAT IS PROGRAMMING?

control structure

Directs the order by which the program instructions are executed.

structured programming

defined as a programming paradigm that enforces the use of logical structures in writing program codes

class

defined as the model or the template that can be instantiated to create an object.

Progress 4GL, SQL, Informix-4GL, MATLAB

examples of 4GL

attributes

the data elements in the object

Corrado Bohm and Giuseppe Jacopini

two mathematicians who introduced structured programming.

machine language

The only language the computer directly understands.

programming

The process of designing, writing, and testing programs.

designing the interface

This PDLC stage involves selecting and organising the elements of the user interface.

Program Development Life Cycle

a series of steps which ensure that the program will properly function and produced the required results.

selection structure

allows the program to make a decision or comparison and then select one of two paths of action based on the result of the condition

decision structure

another term for the selection structure

dead codes

are program codes that the program will not execute.

object

can be defined as an instance of a class where attributes and methods are placed under a single name.

repetition control structure

directs the computer to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met

pretest loop

evaluates the condition before executing the statements inside the loop

programming paradigm

is defined as a style of programming

interface

is the component of the program that interacts with the user.

mnemonics

meaningful abbreviations of computer instructions

many forms

polymorphism is derived from a greek word meaning what?

pretest and posttest loop

two types of iteration

system software and application software

two types of software

high-level language

type of programming language that can run in different types of computer.

GOTO Statement Considered Harmful

written by Edsger Dijkstra, became instrumental in the popularity of the structured programming paradigm.

Fortran, ALGOL, GOBOL, BASIC, C/C++, C#, Delphi, Java, Visual Basic

3GL examples

Prolog, LISP, OPS5, Mercury, ICAD

5GL examples

first-generation language

Another name for machine language

algorithm

a step-by-step procedure in solving the problem

polymorphism

ability of objects of different types to respond to methods of the same name, each one according to the right type-specific behavior.

late binding or dynamic binding

behavior being implemented at run time.

computer

can be defined as an electronic device capable of accepting and manipulating data into information under the control of programs stored in its memory.

computer program

collection of instructions organised in a particular sequence in order for the computer to perform the required task.

software

collection of programs that tell the computer what actions to perform and direct the computer how to perform each action.

application software

consists of programs designed to perform a specific task or application.

system software

consists of programs that control or maintain the operation of the computer and its devices.

posttest loop

executes the statement inside the loop before testing the condition

sequence structure

is a program logic that directs the computer to execute one instruction after the other.

interpreter or compiler

is a program used to convert a source program into machine language and then executes the machine language instructions.

fifth generation language

other name for natural language. Uses a type of query language allowing the user to enter requests that resemble human speech.

iteration or Looping structure

other terms for repetition control structure

inheritance

programming concept that describes the object capability to acquire the properties of another object.

natural language

programming language based around solving problems using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer.

low-level language

programming language used to create programs that run in one particular computer.

Encapsulation

programming mechanism that binds together the code and the data it manipulates.

object-oriented programming

programming standard that uses object to design computer programs.

query

request that enables the users or programmers to retrieve information from a database

programming language

set of words, codes, and symbols that allow the programmer to communicate instruction to the computer for accomplishing a task.

method

the procedure or function of attributes

source program

the program containing the assembly language codes.

third-generation language

these programming languages are written as a series of english-like words

designing the solution

this PDLC stage involves the process of designing the algorithm of the program. the algorithm helps the programmer break a problem into a sequence of small tasks that the computer can perform to solve the problem.

testing the program

this PDLC stage involves the process of detecting and eliminating errors in the program. It ensures that the program executes properly and produces the required output.

analyzing the program requirements

this PDLC stage involves the process of gathering information in order to identify the specifications of a program. The programmer will be able to identify the data to be processed, the required processes, and the information that the program will produce.

coding the solution

this PDLC stage involves the process of translating the algorithm into the program codes of the selected programming language and entering the program codes into the computer.

maintaining the program

this PDLC stage involves the process of updating the program code in order for the program to become continually useful.

documenting the program

this PDLC stage involves the tasks of reviewing the program code to identify all the dead codes.

assembly language

type of programming language that uses mnemonics.

objects

units that are broken down from a problem

Fourth-generation language

unlike 3GL, this programming language uses English-like statements as instructions. Commonly used to create programs that allow the user to work with a database.

assembler

used to translate an assembly language program into machine language

Edsger Dijkstra

wrote GOTO Statement Considered Harmful