COMPUTER - WHAT IS PROGRAMMING?
control structure
Directs the order by which the program instructions are executed.
structured programming
defined as a programming paradigm that enforces the use of logical structures in writing program codes
class
defined as the model or the template that can be instantiated to create an object.
Progress 4GL, SQL, Informix-4GL, MATLAB
examples of 4GL
attributes
the data elements in the object
Corrado Bohm and Giuseppe Jacopini
two mathematicians who introduced structured programming.
machine language
The only language the computer directly understands.
programming
The process of designing, writing, and testing programs.
designing the interface
This PDLC stage involves selecting and organising the elements of the user interface.
Program Development Life Cycle
a series of steps which ensure that the program will properly function and produced the required results.
selection structure
allows the program to make a decision or comparison and then select one of two paths of action based on the result of the condition
decision structure
another term for the selection structure
dead codes
are program codes that the program will not execute.
object
can be defined as an instance of a class where attributes and methods are placed under a single name.
repetition control structure
directs the computer to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met
pretest loop
evaluates the condition before executing the statements inside the loop
programming paradigm
is defined as a style of programming
interface
is the component of the program that interacts with the user.
mnemonics
meaningful abbreviations of computer instructions
many forms
polymorphism is derived from a greek word meaning what?
pretest and posttest loop
two types of iteration
system software and application software
two types of software
high-level language
type of programming language that can run in different types of computer.
GOTO Statement Considered Harmful
written by Edsger Dijkstra, became instrumental in the popularity of the structured programming paradigm.
Fortran, ALGOL, GOBOL, BASIC, C/C++, C#, Delphi, Java, Visual Basic
3GL examples
Prolog, LISP, OPS5, Mercury, ICAD
5GL examples
first-generation language
Another name for machine language
algorithm
a step-by-step procedure in solving the problem
polymorphism
ability of objects of different types to respond to methods of the same name, each one according to the right type-specific behavior.
late binding or dynamic binding
behavior being implemented at run time.
computer
can be defined as an electronic device capable of accepting and manipulating data into information under the control of programs stored in its memory.
computer program
collection of instructions organised in a particular sequence in order for the computer to perform the required task.
software
collection of programs that tell the computer what actions to perform and direct the computer how to perform each action.
application software
consists of programs designed to perform a specific task or application.
system software
consists of programs that control or maintain the operation of the computer and its devices.
posttest loop
executes the statement inside the loop before testing the condition
sequence structure
is a program logic that directs the computer to execute one instruction after the other.
interpreter or compiler
is a program used to convert a source program into machine language and then executes the machine language instructions.
fifth generation language
other name for natural language. Uses a type of query language allowing the user to enter requests that resemble human speech.
iteration or Looping structure
other terms for repetition control structure
inheritance
programming concept that describes the object capability to acquire the properties of another object.
natural language
programming language based around solving problems using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer.
low-level language
programming language used to create programs that run in one particular computer.
Encapsulation
programming mechanism that binds together the code and the data it manipulates.
object-oriented programming
programming standard that uses object to design computer programs.
query
request that enables the users or programmers to retrieve information from a database
programming language
set of words, codes, and symbols that allow the programmer to communicate instruction to the computer for accomplishing a task.
method
the procedure or function of attributes
source program
the program containing the assembly language codes.
third-generation language
these programming languages are written as a series of english-like words
designing the solution
this PDLC stage involves the process of designing the algorithm of the program. the algorithm helps the programmer break a problem into a sequence of small tasks that the computer can perform to solve the problem.
testing the program
this PDLC stage involves the process of detecting and eliminating errors in the program. It ensures that the program executes properly and produces the required output.
analyzing the program requirements
this PDLC stage involves the process of gathering information in order to identify the specifications of a program. The programmer will be able to identify the data to be processed, the required processes, and the information that the program will produce.
coding the solution
this PDLC stage involves the process of translating the algorithm into the program codes of the selected programming language and entering the program codes into the computer.
maintaining the program
this PDLC stage involves the process of updating the program code in order for the program to become continually useful.
documenting the program
this PDLC stage involves the tasks of reviewing the program code to identify all the dead codes.
assembly language
type of programming language that uses mnemonics.
objects
units that are broken down from a problem
Fourth-generation language
unlike 3GL, this programming language uses English-like statements as instructions. Commonly used to create programs that allow the user to work with a database.
assembler
used to translate an assembly language program into machine language
Edsger Dijkstra
wrote GOTO Statement Considered Harmful