Concept 1 multiple choice test

The best method for determining whether bean plants require sodium is to _____

grow bean plants with and without sodium

At which point is a scientific investigator most likely to use deductive reasoning?

in establishing a test of a hypothesis

In experimental procedures, repetition of the procedures ____

is necessary before concluding that a given set of results is correct

Which kingdom within the domain Eukarya is composed of organisms that are generally unicellular (single-celled)?

Protista

A theory is _____

a well-supported concept that has broad explanatory power

Which of the following is outside the realm of scientific inquiry?

addressing ethical dilemmas

Experimentation is only one part of the process of scientific inquiry, but it is a very important step because it _____

allows rejection of a hypotheses

How can a scientific law be used to answer a specific question about an observed phenomenon?

A law can offer an explanation for an observed phenomenon that is considered to be universally true.

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of living things?

All living things require oxygen

Which of the following can be considered a biological system? a single liver cell a pond the biosphere a salmon's cardiovascular system All of the listed responses are correct

All of the listed responses are correct

Which of the following domains is prokaryotic?

Archaea

Throughout most of the 1800s, the most widely accepted atomic theories were based on research performed by an English chemist named John Dalton. The main tenets of Dalton's theory were: Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms cannot be divided into smaller particles. All atoms of a given element are identical. The atoms in one element are different from the atoms in another element. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms. Then, in 1897, while studying electric discharges in a cathode-ray tube, a British physicist named J.J. Thomson discovered electrons. Which tenet of Dalton's atomic theory did Thomson disprove?

Atoms cannot be divided into smaller particles.

Emergent properties of living systems are defined as properties that ____

are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

What is the molecule that can account for both the unity and the diversity of life?

DNA

Which of the following observations and inferences led Charles Darwin to his theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution?

Darwin synthesized his theory of natural selection from all of the above observations and inferences

Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb the nutrients are generally found in which kingdom?

Fungi

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?

Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power

Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?

If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results

Which of the following statements is most clearly inductively derived?

If the animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it can be concluded that all animals require organic molecules as nutrients

_______ are made by looking at the result of a behavior or occurrence.

Indirect observations

Which of the following is NOT an example of emergence? bees making a beehive water's high specific heat a calculator an organ None of the listed responses is correct

None of the listed responses is correct

Kimberly is observing the behavior patterns of a bird species in the wild. During her observational period, a forest fire sweeps through the environment in which the bird species lives. Which of the following is a testable hypothesis that can be made following the forest fire?

The availability of a food source determines whether a bird species will continue to live in an area after a forest fire.

How is the information encoded in DNA actually used by organisms?

The information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated into protein.

Which of the following statements best describes what is meant by "emergence"?

The whole is greater than the sum of the parts

Which of the following is an attribute of living things?

They must be able to evolve and adapt

Should an experiment test only one variable at a time? Why or why not?

Yes, an experiment should only test one variable at a time. This ensures that the experimental outcome is clearly due to one identifiable factor.

Which of the following is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms?

cell

Which series of terms is in the correct sequence of biological organization, from the simplest to the most complex? community, population, ecosystem, habitat, biosphere tissue, organ system, organ, cell, organism organism, ecosystem, community, population, biosphere cell, tissue, organ, population, community molecule, tissue, cell, organelle, organ

cell, tissue, organ, population, community

All the organisms on your campus make up

community

Two garden plots were planted with corn. The soil was similar in each, and equal amounts of water were applied to each plot. One plot was fertilized, and the other was not. The experimenters measured the yield as bushels of corn from each plot. The plot that did not receive the fertilizer was the _____

control plot

In an ecosystem, nutrients _____ and energy _____

cycle ... flows through

In the 1600s, many scientists supported the theory of spontaneous generation. This theory stated that living organisms could come from nonliving matter. Which of the following experiments led to the dismissal of the theory of spontaneous generation by the scientific community?

demonstrations that no organisms would grow on sterilized food placed in a sealed container

With evolution as the core theme of biology, we can explain traits shared by organisms as evidence of _____ and traits that differ among organisms as evidence of _____

descent from a common ancestor ... adaptation through natural selection

observational study in which the watcher is watches the subject in their environment without altering the environment

direct observations

Natural selection tends to act at which of the following levels?

population

What is the appropriate term for an interacting group of individuals of a single type occupying a defined area?

population

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because

protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack

Sequencing a protein to discover the sequence of amino acids that make it up is an example of _____. Understanding how that protein works with other proteins in a cell is an example of _____

reductionism ... systems biology

A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable to be scientifically valid. Being testable and falsifiable means that _____

some conceivable observation or experiment could reveal whether a given hypothesis is incorrect

A controlled experiment is one that

tests experimental and control groups in parallel

A company was testing a new drug it thought would help decrease the risk of transmission of viruses from mother to fetus. In an experiment to test the compound, an investigator gave 400 pregnant female rats a small dose of the experimental drug and inoculated each with a type of virus known to cause disease in rats. At the same time, 400 other pregnant rats were given only the virus. Of the rat pups born to the females that received both the virus and the drug, 203 showed no symptoms of the disease; 205 rat pups born to the virus-only females showed symptoms. From these data, we can best conclude _____

that the drug seems to have little effect on viral transmission at the dosage given

Science can best be defined as

the construction of testable explanations and predictions about the natural world through the use of evidence.

Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?

the structure and function of DNA

The energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from _____

the sun

Radon is a radioactive gas that seeps into homes from the soil. It is thought to be a cause of lung cancer. A research team investigates this theory. They gather large amounts of data on basement radon concentrations and lung cancer rates and conclude that the more radon there is in a home, the more likely are people living in those homes to develop lung cancer. After the study is published, other researchers criticize it by asserting that the studied neighborhoods with higher radon concentrations also have a higher percentage of older people and a higher percentage of cigarette smokers than the low-radon neighborhoods. Both advanced age and cigarette smoking increase the risk of lung cancer. This criticism, if correct, shows that the radon study suffered from _____

uncontrolled variables

Systems biology is mainly an attempt to

understand the behavior of entire biological systems