concepts of engineering and technology exam quesions
An engineering notebook is used for documenting all research, proving the origin of an idea, keeping sketches in one place, and a personal calendar.
False
How do the parts relate to the whole in a technological system?
Interconnected pieces work together in the system.
What was the purpose of the the Home Insurance building's frame?
The frame, made of steel, supported the weight of building.
The purpose of surveying is to a.appropriately measure the land. b.determine accessibility to water. c.see if a proposed project will have a negative impact. d.measure all other buildings and structures in the area.
appropriately measure the land
Minimizing the risk of landslides would be the job of a(n) a.urban engineer. b.coastal engineer. c.geotechnical engineer. d.transportation engineer.
geotechnical engineer
Thomas Midgely is responsible for significant advances in all of the following EXCEPT a.refrigeration. b.aerosol sprays. c.jet plane engines. d.automobile manufacturing.
jet plane engines
How many different organelles do humans have? a.Five b.Seven c.Nine d.Twelve
nine
Which of the following is true of viruses? a.They reproduce quickly and easily. b.They attach themselves to living cells. c.They only attack major systems of the body. d.They contain many different types of cellular material.
they attach themselves to living cells
True or False: Coastal engineers design man-made islands.
true
If energy has a high frequency, it a.is very dense. b.vibrates a lot. c.has disappeared. d.does not appear in light.
vibrates a lot
Strength of materials are extremely important, depending on the situation. In what practical situation is weakness of materials important? when materials must have cooling properties when materials must be biodegradable when materials must not restrict a flow of liquids close when materials must allow easy conductivity
when materials must be biodegradable
Climate change, privacy, clean energy, and human relationships are all areas of concern today. As problem solvers, how should engineers BEST ethically approach these issues?
with thoughtful awareness of the creative power they hold
According to the unit, the median salary of a mechanical engineer is a.$51,000. b.$67,000. c.$75,000. d.$83,000.
$83,000
Having a smoke detector reduces the risk of dying in a fire by a.25 percent. b.50 percent. c.63 percent. d.71 percent.
50 percent
According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics, which of the following cannot occur? a.A room being heated by an air conditioner. b.A temperature below the coldest item in an area. c.A cooler full of ice chilling a soda sitting on top of it. d.Returning heat to an area that has reached absolute zero.
A cooler full of ice chilling a soda sitting on top of it.
Which of the following is an example of a hybrid? a.A new species of cat. b.A mixture of several chemicals in a lab. c.Elements coming together to form an atom. d.A fruit that is a mix of a tangerine and an orange.
A fruit that is a mix of a tangerine and an orange.
By day, Ben teaches algebra and calculus to high school students. By night, he takes college courses in engineering. How much will Ben's background in mathematics help him as an aerospace engineer? Not at all. Computers do all the work now, even the smartest mathematicians rely on them. A lot. Mathematics is used to work out all equations and predictions everywhere. Somewhat. Some math is needed, but engineering runs on a great deal of creativity. A little. It's good to know, but some types of engineering just do not require a lot of math.
A lot. Mathematics is used to work out all equations and predictions everywhere.
. Development of a vaccination for COVID-19 appears to be proceeding much more quickly than the development of older vaccines. However, there are several medical reasons why it cannot be rushed. What is the basic engineering principle that supports the need to take the appropriate time?
A safe innovation requires testing and retesting.
How is the Industrial Revolution MOST similar to the Digital Age?
Both fostered a higher pace of technology.
When it was invented, communication satellites enabled which of the following? a.New kinds of radio drama. b.The creation of time zones. c.The invention of the television. d.Broadcasts across the country simultaneously.
Broadcasts across the country simultaneously.
How do chemical engineers support those in the agriculture industry? a.By consuming a lot of vegetables. b.By designing more efficient barns for livestock. c.By measuring and documenting soil erosion. d.By developing fertilizer and pesticides that promote plant growth.
By developing fertilizer and pesticides that promote plant growth.
A subsystem is to a system as a(n) _____________ is to a refrigerator. food product door electrical outlet cooling element
Cooling system
Once an engineer has a sketch, the next step is to build the product.
False
Why is engineering seen as an emerging industry?
It is based on innovation.
Why is ethics an important part of engineering?
Products created can change society, for better and for worse.
Apart from her engineering notebook, Sofia files electronic PDF copies of her best sketches as she finishes them. When she has time, she writes summaries describing her role in projects large and small, adding photos. What is the MOST practical reason that Sofia is doing this?
She is building a portfolio to represent her work.
The example of using biotechnology in heart surgery is used to illustrate which of the following points? a.Even advances in biotechnology cannot save every life. b.There are many life-saving benefits of biotechnology. c.The ethical issues in biotechnology do not apply to surgical fields. d.The cost of advances in biotechnology is too high to make this care available to all.
There are many life-saving benefits of biotechnology.
Ecosystems, political systems, and financial systems all have what in common with the systems engineer's study?
They are investigated using systems thinking.
Why would it be important for surgeons to use technology to see how an individual's heart is functioning when correcting heart defects? a.Very few surgeons have the time to develop the specialization to examine hearts. b.Those with heart defects do not have hearts that work the same as everyone else's. c.Surgeons have been particularly reluctant to embrace the benefits of biotechnology. d.Of all medical issues that use biotechnology, heart defects are the most important.
Those with heart defects do not have hearts that work the same as everyone else's.
All materials have distinct properties that need to be considered in the design process.
True
In order to be a machine, a device must have which of the following? a.a motor b.working gears c.a need for energy d.interaction with other devices
a need for energy
If the product is an industrial pizza oven, the most likely end user is a.a home chef. b.a restaurant cook. c.anyone who likes pizza. d.other oven manufacturers.
a restaurant cook
A coastal engineer is to oil platform as a structural engineer is to a.a freeway. b.a skyscraper. c.a submarine pipeline. d.an underground tunnel.
a skyscraper
All of the following are types of models EXCEPT a.a theory. b.an analogy. c.a physical replica. d.a mathematical representation.
a theory
Prototypes are designed to determine a product's feasibility. In this context, "feasibility" means a.popularity. b.skills required. c.ability to be built. d.total cost of production.
ability to be built
A team given the task of designing a product would likely include all of the following EXCEPT a.a designer. b.an accountant. c.a mechanical engineer. d.a material science engineer.
an accountant
How much testing should a product undergo? a. 10 tests b. 20 tests c. 100 tests d. as much as possible
as much as possible
Which of the following describes reverse engineering? a. Identifying a problem to be solved and solving it. b.Using systems thinking to address a serious problem. c.Beginning with the product and developing the process. d.Going back to the beginning when a step in the process does not work.
begining with the product and developing the process
Which of the following analyses allow biological information to forward much medical research? a.Bioinformatics b.Red biotechnology c.White biotechnology d.Green biotechnology
bioinformatics
Those considering a career in engineering should expect to take several classes in all of the following EXCEPT a.biology. b.economics. c.mathematics. d.computer science.
biology
Which of the following would be a career that required a background in life science? a.biotechnology b.mathematician c.software design d.automotive designer
biotechnology
What does the engineering design process have in common with the scientific method discussed in a previous unit? a.Both have clearly defined steps. b.Neither requires special training. c.Both can be ignored in certain situations. d.Neither is started with a particular result in mind.
both have clearly defined steps
At Sunrise Engineering, Hasan and Esma are participating in an active group session with four other team members. The team has defined the parameters of a problem, found plenty of research to cite, and created a list of requirements that must be met. They are throwing out idea after idea. What are they doing?
brainstorming
Which of the following is an important function of microbes? a.Hosting the DNA of a cell b.Allowing species to reproduce c.Breaking down organic matter d.Forming the basis of multi-celled organisms
breaking down organic matter
All of the following are examples of the types of projects that bioengineers work on EXCEPT a.designing hearing aids. b.creating artificial limbs. c.developing organic fertilizers. d.building a bridge across a wetland.
building a bridge across a wetland
Which of the following best summarizes the principle of recycling in chemical engineering? a.Bypassing a step in the process. b.Creating as little waste as possible. c.Finding many uses for the same item. d.Using discarded material to make a new product.
bypassing a step in the process
The measurement of an electric current includes which of the following? a.Time and space. b.Space and height. c.Charge and time. d.Height and charge.
charge and time
How does chemical engineering differ from mechanical engineering? a.Only mechanical engineering requires math. b.Chemical engineering creates new materials. c.There is far more science involved in chemical engineering. d.Mechanical engineers are more likely to work with natural elements.
chemical engineering creates new materials
Which type of control system uses a censor to continuously make adjustments as needed? a.Discrete control b.Sequential control c.Continuous control d.Open and closed loop control
continuous control
Biocatalysis helps create flavors and scents by doing which of the following? a.Altering DNA b.Creating chemical reactions c.Purifying components in a formula d.Aiding with the decomposition process
creating chemical reactions
In the phrase, "funnel knowledge into the alchemy of an entirely new and innovative result," the term "alchemy" means which of the following? a.Caution b.Creation c.Collateral d.Chemistry
creation
What must an engineer do to define a system?
develop a focus
The Sunrise Engineering team has settled on a decent idea for new lighting system, but they think there might be three possible ways to structure it. They decide to regroup into teams of two, with each duo attacking the problem from one of the three ways. What phase of the engineering design process are they in?
development
an engineering notebook can be used for all of the following purposes EXEPT a. documenting research b. proving the origin of an idea c. keeping sketches in one place d. documenting goals in an engineer's personal life
documenting goals in an engineer's personal life
All of the following currently exist EXCEPT a.human organs grown in pigs. b.mice injected with human brain cells. c.rabbit and human cells merged to create an embryo. d.dogs with vocal cords that allow them to articulate words.
dogs with vocal cords that allow them to articulate words.
From a developmental standpoint, what is the largest challenge we currently face regardingcolonizing in space? a.Technological abilities b.Associated costs c.Fear of expansion d.Ecological life support
ecological life support
which of the following explains how technology and engineering ar related? a. Engineering demonstrates how to properly use technology. b. Technology creates social problems and engineering solves them. c. Technology often incorporates the latest advances in engineering. d. Technology is completely dependent on science, whereas engineering uses both science and technology.
engineering demonstrates how to properly use technology
It is important that measurements be consistent in engineering because a.there is only one established system of measurement available. b.measurements are not usually based on any established standard. c.there is one unit that is used to measure weight, length, and distance. d.engineers often work together internationally and replicate each others' results.
engineers often work together internationally and replicate each others' results.
Why don't engineers use the word "impossible"? a.They will be fired if they admit failure. b.The term "nonviable" is more popular. c.Engineers strive to overcome every challenge. d.Scientists determine what is and is not possible.
engineers strive to overcome every challange
The purpose of process control is to a.identify variables and discover the full range of results they produce. b.ensure that the output is consistent every time the process is enacted. c.allow chemical engineers to work successfully with those in other fields. d.develop the management skills required to assist chemical engineers in doing their job.
ensure that the output is consistent every time the process is enacted
Protection of human populations and natural environments are responsibilities of what field of engineering?
environmental
In conducting a test on the kind of music that may encourage plant growth, what practice upholds the fair test standard?
exposing the plants to different types of music
True or False: All advancements in engineering came from Europe.
false
True or False: Industrial waste is always toxic.
false
true or false: All engineers agree that sketches are better than digital options.
false
true or false: Civil engineering includes buildings and bridges only.
false
true or false: Global positioning systems are only used by the public to get directions.
false
true or false: If the scale model works as predicted, the final product is guaranteed to be flawless.
false
true or false: It is possible to eliminate every single problem with a product through testing.
false
true or false: Most of the social problems that require the aid of engineers are currently being resolved.
false
true or false: Most organisms have more organelles than humans.
false
true or false: Science tends to incorporate ideas from many disciplines.
false
true or false: engineering makes predictions about what will happen in a given cicumstance.
false
true or false: heat travels from cold places to hot places.
false
true or false: scientist perfer to work with open systems
false
true or false: when one solution is found, the engineering process is complete.
false
true or false:There are few uses for sulfuric acid.
false
Ideation includes all of the following EXCEPT a. actualizing ideas. b.generating new ideas. c.finding flaws in others' ideas. d.communicating how to develop ideas.
finding flaws in others' ideas
The benefit of bioengineering is that a.it helps relieve soil erosion. b.all materials involved must be organic. c.it does not ever impact the environment. d.it produces advancements that keep people healthy.
fit produces advancements that keep people healthy
Functionality relates to a.how a product actually works. b.whether a design is innovative. c.taking an idea to the next level. d.having the right materials for the job.
how a product actually works
A test for compatibility will examine a.the final cost of producing the product. b.whether a device functions as designed or not. c.how well systems or components work together. d.if the product compares with others in the markets.
how well systems or components work together.
The author mentions the Pyramids of Giza in order to a.highlight the wonders of the Ancient World. b.point out that the Great Wall of China is more important. c.show how primitive and simple early building techniques were. d.illustrate how important civil engineering is in human history.
illustrate how important civil engineering is in human history.
Measuring mass requires documenting which of the following? a.Inertia b.Velocity c.Complexity d.Flammability
inertia
How does hubris influence science? a.It allows ego to overtake reason. b.It causes scientists to be cautious. c.It is a little-known side effect of discovery. d.It defines the limits of human understanding.
it allows ego to overtake reason
What problem does chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) create? a.It causes lead poisoning. b.It causes great damage to the ozone layer. c.It leaks into food as it cools the air in refrigerators. d.It is responsible for most of the pollution created by automobiles.
it causes great damage to the ozone layer
Science can be "snobby" because a.all fields require a Ph.D. b.it is the oldest discipline in history. c.all research must be conducted in English. d.it depends on certain disciplines and excludes others.
it depends on certain disciplines and excludes others
why is it that technology designed to communicate can also make communication more difficult? a. It diminishes interpersonal skills. b. It is available in only one language. c. It requires high levels of vocabulary. d. It is often difficult to access or operate.
it diminishes interpersonal skills
which of the following best explains why research is an important first step? a. Research is important in every type of career. b.It ensures experiments focus on new information. c. Scientists never want to get the same results as other scientists have. d. It is important to conduct the exact same experiment other scientists have.
it ensures experiments focus on new information
Which of the following is true of the field of water resources engineering? a.It focuses on the public's water needs. b.It is the only field that deals with water. c.Stopping coastal erosion is its primary goal. d.It is only concerned with agricultural industries.
it focuses on the public's water needs
Why is a portfolio essential for getting a job in engineering? a.It lists your education and skills. b.It provides examples of your work. c.Most other candidates won't have one. d.It contains references from past employers.
it provides examples of your work
what makes a tool a kind of technology? a. it is made of stone b. it is popular throughout the region c. it's application solves a practical need d. it can be used for many diffrent tasks
its application solves a practical need
Development of water and steam power, machine tools, and large factory buildings were significant factors in the rise of manufacturing, but one element is notably missing from this list. What is this element, and why was it crucial within the manufacturing system?
labor, because a large number of factory workers were needed to fuel the Industrial Revolution
The _____ is an example of technology.
landline telephone
Conductivity is the capacity to transmit all of the following EXCEPT a. heat b. light c. sound d. electricity
light
Resistance to impact is an example of a(n) a.obtuse property. b.thermal property. c.mechanical property. d.general physical property.
machanical property
The Sony Walkman was significant because it a.made music portable. b.could receive a radio signal. c.was developed by rap musicians. d.allowed for people to listen to cassettes.
made music portable
The phrase "a leap from information to formation" most closely means a.making an idea into a concrete object. b.creating theories based on information. c.using assumptions when facts are not available. d.incorporating ideas from many fields of engineering.
making an idea into a concrete object.
. Jose Miguel wants to build a fence in his back yard. He needs a wood that will stand up to weather, won't rot in the ground, and will be aesthetically pleasing. What process is Jose Miguel MOST likely undergoing?
matching project requirements to materials selection
The author uses the example of Henry Ford to illustrate that a.the process of invention is easy. b.mechanical engineering can lead to great innovations. c.life was very difficult at the turn of the 20th century. d.mass production methods were an important part of the Industrial Revolution.
mechanical engineering can lead to great innovations
The purpose of control systems is to a.monitor and regulate output. b.facilitate unexpected variation in output. c.eliminate the need for human interaction. d.demonstrate that chemical engineering principles are effective.
monitor and requlate output
Clarifying the criteria is the part of the problem-solving process that involves working with the. a. client b. genral public c. other engineers d. scientific community
other engineers
Remi's group is building a compact mining robot. After a meeting to classify client criteria, team members realized they needed to take a step back in the problem-solving process. What step did they MOST likely realize they needed to revisit?
problem analysis
Which of the following viruses is under control thanks to bioengineers? a.Zika b.Ebola c.Rabies d.Dengue
rabies
Cells with a nucleus produce which of the following? a.red blood cells b.prokaryotic cells c.metabolic activity d.reproductive organs
red blood cells
the fact that redesign is part of the engineering design process indicates what? a. Engineering is a complex field. b. Engineers make many mistakes. c. Mistakes are often made if people are not careful. d. Refining products in an important part of engineering.
refining products in an important part of engineering.
One MAJOR problem that environmental engineers tackle is:
removing pollution from the air.
According to Elon Musk, what one change would make space travel much more affordable?
reusable rockets
Inversion is similar to what other concept discussed in the unit? a. Reverse engineering. b. Using a poem to solve problems. c. Connecting systems to each other. d. Clearly identifying systems and subsystems.
reverse engineering
why is understanding science the first step in engineering? a. Science is much older than engineering. b. A degree in engineering requires a degree in a science first. c. Science helps engineers, but engineers never advance science. d. Science provides the basic rules that engineers must use when creating products.
science provides the basic rules that engineers must use when creating products
what does it mean to test a hypothesis? a. Pass a quiz on other scientists' results b. Analyze only the results from scientific sources c. Not make assumptions about how an experiment will turn out b.See if the results of an experiment are what the scientist predicted
see if the results af an experiment are what the scientist predicted
Which of the following is an example of development after a product is released to the public? a.Putting the product on sale. b.Sending out a software update. c.Seeing how competitors are pricing their products for the market. d.Ensuring that the most efficient materials are used in production.
sending out a software update
which of the following would a person interested in termodynamics study? a. solar energy b. water purification c. combating cancer d. governing systems
solar energy
Material science focuses on which of the following? a.Heat b.Solids c.Gases d.Liquids
solids
If you are examining the reliability in a test, you are testing for a.surprises. b.soundness. c.comparison. d.compatibility.
soundness
External combustion engines convert energy into a.oil. b.water. c.steam. d.gasoline.
steam
Yashasvini and Perry have defined their problem, conducted background research, clarified all specifications, and spent plenty of time on ideation. What steps of the design process have they been through?
steps 1, 2, 3, and 4
What is the BEST description of an engineering toolbox?
strategies that result in solutions
All of the following were developed in the same era EXCEPT a.sulfuric acid. b.colored glass. c.synthetic detergents. d.mathematic principles.
synthetic detergents
What is the field that includes all of the products and processes created to solve and meet a need?
technology
all of the following are examples of the disadvantages of air travel technology EXEPT. a. the risk of plane crashes b. the greater opportunity to travel c. the pollution created by planes d. the environmental cost of increased demand for fuel
the greater opportunity to travel
what determines which problems engineers attempt to solve? a. the needs of society b. scientists' recommendations c. professional engineering orginizations d. problems that have been solved in the past
the needs of society
The genetic materials of viruses are found in a.the enzymes. b.the host organism. c.the nucleus of the cell. d.the outer edge of the cell.
the outer edge of the cell
The entropy in the universe can never be reduced' is which law of thermodynamics? a.The first b.The second c.The third d.The fourth
the second
all of the following are important technological developments of the middle ages EXEPT a. the plow b. the tidal mill c. the printing press d. the steam engine
the steam engine
All of the following are examples of discrete control systems EXCEPT a.a light switch. b.the ignition button on a boat. c.the volume control on a sound system. d.the power button on the remote control.
the volume control on a sound system
All of the following statements are true of prokaryotic cells EXCEPT a.they are the smallest. b.they do not have a nucleus. c.there are about 75 trillion types. d.they are found in single cell organisms.
there are about 75 trillion types
whi is the industrial revolution similar to the digital age? a. They both began in the late 1900s and ended about a century later. b.They both created technology that changed many aspects of everyday life. c.They are the only two eras in which technology played a significant role. d.They both are characterized by the use of stone and iron to advance technology.
they both created technology that changed many aspects of everyday life.
What is the benefit of theories? a.They are easily disproven. b.They are written by famous people. c.They will apply in every circumstance. d.They can provide some explanation for science.
they can provide some explanation for science
technological systems can be considered very social because a. they have no subsystems b. they require a lot of maintenance c. they are built by people to serve society d. they communicate with many diffrent elements
they communicate with many diffrent elements
why was the first skyscraper torn down? a. it was dameged in a fire b. to build an even bigger skyscraper c. there were serious structural flaws in the building d. the community objeted to the height of the building
to build an even bigger skyscraper
Why should a coworker sign off as a witness for an engineering notebook? a. To double check the work. b. Many engineers skip this essential step. c. Because fraud is common in engineering. d. This step is needed only for inexperienced engineers.
to double check the work
What is the point of a process sketch? a.To demonstrate perspective. b.To illustrate an idea for clients. c.To get a basic concept on paper. d.To show understanding of the project.
to illustrate an idea for clients
True or False: Smaller engines generally require less fuel than their larger counterparts.
true
true or false- whether technology is good or bad depends on how it is used
true
true or false: A closed loop system is more sophisticated than an open loop system.
true
true or false: A prototype shows if a product meets the required needs.
true
true or false: All materials have distinct properties that need to be considered in the design process.
true
true or false: Even chaos is studied in mechanical engineering.
true
true or false: Many concepts in science fiction are becoming reality today.
true
true or false: The human brain is about 77 percent water.
true
true or false: The military often employs geotechnical engineers.
true
true or false: There are fewer career opportunities in biotechnology than in other engineering fields.
true
true or false: engineering need to look for non-technological systems, as well as technological problems, to solve problems
true
true or false: engineering uses scientific thinking to solve real-world problems.
true
true or false: even closed systems are never perfectly closed
true
true or false: going back the beginning of the process is common in engineering.
true
true or false: the individual charictoristics of the elements of a system are as important as the characteristics of the system itself.
true
true or false:All machines use some type of energy.
true