Connect chapter 7
Which of the following describes myeloid tissue?
A site of blood cell production
In osseous tissue, the narrow channels connecting neighboring lancunae are called?
Canaliculi
An increase in the length of a long bone occurs by the process of blank growth
Interstitial
Where is red come marrow found in the bones of a child?
Almost all bones
Which are functions of the skeletal system?
Blood formation, acid-base balance, protection, and support
Calcitroil acts on which organs to raise blood calcium levels?
Bones, small intestine, kidneys
Which mineral is more closely regulated by the body?
Calcium
Which is part of the inorganic matter that makes up the matrix of bone?
Calcium phosphate salt
A calcified mass in a soft organ, such as the lungs, is called
Calculus
Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate?
Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a thinning of lacunae walls
What are the two principles forms of ossification that occurs in the development of the skeletal system?
Endochondral and intramembranous
A layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called?
Endosteum
The central and perforating canals are lined with _______.
Endosteum (thin layer of reticular connective tissue)
Where do you find osteogenic cells?
Endosteum and periosteum
In adults, what is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate called?
Epiphyseal line
Secondary ossification centers usually appear where in the long bone?
Epiphysis
Which tend to attain their full height earlier in life?
Girls
The structure found between the epiphysis and diaphysis in a child and is a site of bone growth is the blank plate
Growth or epiphyseal
What is another name for osteitis deformans?
Paget's disease
A fracture caused by a tumor would be classified as a blank fracture
Pathological
What are the collagen fibers that extend from the periosteum into the one matrix called?
Perforating fibers
Which of the following surrounds cartilage?
Perichondrium
What is the major producers of blood cells?
Red bone marrow
What are two terms associated with myeliod tissue?
Red bone marrow and hemopoietic tissue
outer layer of periosteum
fibrous layer
What does the hormone calcitonin do?
inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts
Hydroxyapatite makes up part of which component of bony matrix?
inorganic
Which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation?
interstitial
In compact bone, what are the remnants of old osteons found between complete osteons called?
interstitial lamellae
The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification?
intramembranous
What bone shape are vertebrae classified as?
irregular
How does calcitriol affect blood phosphate levels
it raises them
What is the hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone called?
medullary cavity
The embryonic connective tissue which differentiates into all connective tissues is called
mesenchyme
The transitional area between the shaft and the cartilaginous head of a developing long bone is the
metaphysis
What is the term for the connective tissue sheath around the external surface of a bone?
periosteum
Which two ions are deposited by osteoblasts into the bone matrix?
phosphate and calcium
What is the process of dissolving bone and releasing minerals into the blood called?
resorption
bones that are longer than they are wide
long bones
If you were having joint problems, which medical specialist would be most likely to help you?
orthopedist
The process of bone formation is called
ossification
Osteoblasts secrete the hormone?
osteocalcin
During bone remodeling, the cells that remove unnecessary bone mass are called ____
osteoclasts
In adults, which bone marrow is limited to the axial skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and proximal heads of the humerus and femur?
red
In which of the following does blood cell production occur?
red bone marrow
a fracture in a healthy bone caused by the force of a fall is classified as a ___________ fracture
stress
What is the purpose of the canaliculi in compact bone?
to provide a passageway between the lacunae
What are the thin plates forming spongy bone called?
trabeculae
Which structures found in spongy bone line up along the bones lines of stress?
trabeculae
Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the closest to the marrow cavity?
zone of bone deposition
In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae?
zone of cell proliferation
The end of the bone is called?
epiphysis
What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach called?
epiphysis
Which hormone has a greater effect on bone growth
estrogen
Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of a fracture ______, a blood clot.
hematoma
Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification
hyaline cartilage model
Where does a long bone grow in length?
epiphyseal plate
Lacunae are located between the concentric rings of compact bone tissue that are called ....
lamallae
Most long bones are found
limbs
What are the spaces between trabeculae filled with?
marrow
The medullary cavity is also called the
marrow cavity
What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?
osteocytes
Which condition occurs because of a defect in collagen deposition that causes bones to be exceptionally brittle?
osteogenesis imperfecta
Which gland secretes parathyroid hormone?
parathyroid gland
A low blood calcium level stimulates the release of which hormone?
parathyroid hormone
Cartilage is surrounded by fibrous layer called?
perichondrium
Fatty bone marrow that no longer produces blood cells is called ____ bone marrow.
yellow
Within compact bone, a central canal is found at the center of which structure?
an osteon
What is the hyaline cartilage found covering the ends of bones within a joint called?
articular cartilage
What is the function of red bone marrow
blood cell formation
Who is likely to have a greater bone density, a construction worker or an office worker?
construction worker
Is a patient has abnormally high blood calcium levels, they are said to have a condition called?
Hypercalcemia
What is low blood calcium called?
Hypocalcemia
Mineral deposition into bones begin when?
In fetal ossification
The action carried out by osteoblasts is
Osteolysis
In the human body where is 99% of the calcium found?
The bones
Which osseous tissue is found at the surface of all bones?
compact
Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?
compact
True or false: a hard callus is composed of fibrocartilage
False
True or false: an athlete will have a lower bone density than a couch potato
False
True or false: osteocytes and osteoblasts develop from the same type of stem cells
False
True or false: spongy bone is primarily made up of osteons.
False
True or false: the bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes
False
In the human body, what percentage of calcium in the body is found in the bones?
99%
Thin often curved bones are classified as what shape?
Flat
Another term for a central canal is a blank canal
Haversian
What is the name for a channel that extends longitudinally through the center of an osteon?
Haversian and central canal
Which is a function of articular cartilage
Allows easier joint movements
Vitamin D, also known as ____, raises blood calcium level
calcitriol
The shaft of a long bone is called
diaphysis
What bone shape are the carpal bones of the wrist?
short
What is the most common and deadly form of bone cancer
Osteosarcoma
Which best describes osseous tissue?
A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone.
Which describes the structure of a flat bone?
A layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.
What often caused the loss of bone mass seen in osteoporosis in older women?
A loss of estrogen
During fracture healing, cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form which of the following?
A soft callus
Which describes osteoid?
A soft collagenous tissue similar to the bone but without minerals
Which describes a nutrient foreman?
An opening into the surface of a bone which allows the passage of blood vessels into the bone tissue
Which type of bone growth involves the deposition of new tissue at the surfaces?
Appositional
Which type of bone growth occurs within mature bond and results in the bone becoming thicker?
Appositional growth
Which of the following best describes perforating fibers?
Collagen fibers from the periosteum that firmly adhere the periosteum to the bone
By weight, the skeleton is mostly blank bone.
Compact
The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called blank lamellae.
Concentric
In longitudinal views, osteons are?
Cylinders
What is the term of the bone tissue located between the two layers of compact bone in the skull?
Diploe
The formation of osseous tissue areas outside of bone is called blank ossification.
Ectopic
One function of the skeleton is to store calcium and phosphate to help maintain blank balance
Electrolyte
Bones are classified as one of four types on their shape. The bones of the cranium are examples of blank bones.
Flat
Blank cartilage is the tissue which is replaced with bone during endochondral ossification
Hyaline
Articular surfaces of long bones are covered with which tissue?
Hyaline cartilage
Partial order osteons can be found between complete newer osteons. These partial osteons are referred to as blank lamellae.
Interstitial
Bones such as the vertebrae are classified as blank bones
Irregular
What is the hollow space in which an osteocyte resides called?
Lacuna
Wolffs law of bone states that the architecture of a bone is determined by which of the following?
Mechanical stress
Which embryonic connective tissue gives rise to all connective tissues (including bones)?
Mesenchyme
Which of the following describes the zone of calcification in an epiphyseal plate?
Minerals are deposited between the columns of lacunae
Which allows the passage of blood vessels into a bone?
Nutrient foreman
When surgery is needed to set a fracture, this treatment is called a(n) __________________ reduction.
Open
The branch of medicine dealing with bone disorders is
Orthopedics
In which a condition is there excessive osteoclast proliferation resulting in weak, deformed bones
Osteitis deformans
Osteocytes are former
Osteoblasts
As a flat bone is produced by intramembranous ossification, which cells are responsible for the resorption of bone tissue that carves out the spongy bones trabeculae?
Osteoclasts
Which bone cells are responsible for bone reabsorption?
Osteoclasts
The study of bones is called
Osteology
Blank bones is always enclosed by durable compact bone
Spongy
An epiphyseal line is slightly denser
Spongy bone
Which of the following is a function of yellow bone marrow?
Storage of energy
Which describes a diaphysis?
The shaft of a long bone
Which of the following best describes osteomalacia?
The softening of the bones in adults due to calcium depletion
What is the metaphysis of a long bone?
Transitional area between diaphysis and epiphysis
True or false: compact bone comprises most of the diaphysis of the long bone.
True
True or false: most fractures are treated using closed reduction
True
True or false: once "closed" or ossified, growth in length occurs at an epiphyseal plate.
True
In a growth plate, which of the following describes the zone of bone deposition?
Walls between lacunae break down and chondrocytes die, osteoblasts begin secreting bone matrix.
Which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels?
calcitonin
Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the farthest from the marrow space?
Zone of reserve cartilage
Osseous tissue is a connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up organs called?
bones
Where is the primary ossification center during endochondral ossification in a long bone?
diaphysis
Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?
endosteum
Trabeculae and spicules are found in ______ bone.
spongy
Stem cells in developing bone that give rise to osteoblasts are called _____ cells.
osteogenic
During ossification, osteogenic cells deposit which unmineralized collagenous tissue?
osteoid
Which adult condition involves the softening of bones due to demineralization?
osteomalacia
A degenerative bone disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and an increased risk of fracture is called
osteoporosis
Which hormone reduces the excretion of calcium by the kidneys?
parathyroid hormone
Which channels run perpendicular to the central canals of osteons?
perforating canals
Bones, such as the carpals in the wrist, that have the same length and width are classified as _____ bones.
short
Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?
spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes
Bone marrow fills the spaces between trabeculae in ____ bone tissue.
spongy
The interior of flat bones is composed of ___ bone.
spongy
