Connect chapter 7

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Which of the following describes myeloid tissue?

A site of blood cell production

In osseous tissue, the narrow channels connecting neighboring lancunae are called?

Canaliculi

An increase in the length of a long bone occurs by the process of blank growth

Interstitial

Where is red come marrow found in the bones of a child?

Almost all bones

Which are functions of the skeletal system?

Blood formation, acid-base balance, protection, and support

Calcitroil acts on which organs to raise blood calcium levels?

Bones, small intestine, kidneys

Which mineral is more closely regulated by the body?

Calcium

Which is part of the inorganic matter that makes up the matrix of bone?

Calcium phosphate salt

A calcified mass in a soft organ, such as the lungs, is called

Calculus

Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate?

Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a thinning of lacunae walls

What are the two principles forms of ossification that occurs in the development of the skeletal system?

Endochondral and intramembranous

A layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called?

Endosteum

The central and perforating canals are lined with _______.

Endosteum (thin layer of reticular connective tissue)

Where do you find osteogenic cells?

Endosteum and periosteum

In adults, what is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate called?

Epiphyseal line

Secondary ossification centers usually appear where in the long bone?

Epiphysis

Which tend to attain their full height earlier in life?

Girls

The structure found between the epiphysis and diaphysis in a child and is a site of bone growth is the blank plate

Growth or epiphyseal

What is another name for osteitis deformans?

Paget's disease

A fracture caused by a tumor would be classified as a blank fracture

Pathological

What are the collagen fibers that extend from the periosteum into the one matrix called?

Perforating fibers

Which of the following surrounds cartilage?

Perichondrium

What is the major producers of blood cells?

Red bone marrow

What are two terms associated with myeliod tissue?

Red bone marrow and hemopoietic tissue

outer layer of periosteum

fibrous layer

What does the hormone calcitonin do?

inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts

Hydroxyapatite makes up part of which component of bony matrix?

inorganic

Which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation?

interstitial

In compact bone, what are the remnants of old osteons found between complete osteons called?

interstitial lamellae

The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification?

intramembranous

What bone shape are vertebrae classified as?

irregular

How does calcitriol affect blood phosphate levels

it raises them

What is the hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone called?

medullary cavity

The embryonic connective tissue which differentiates into all connective tissues is called

mesenchyme

The transitional area between the shaft and the cartilaginous head of a developing long bone is the

metaphysis

What is the term for the connective tissue sheath around the external surface of a bone?

periosteum

Which two ions are deposited by osteoblasts into the bone matrix?

phosphate and calcium

What is the process of dissolving bone and releasing minerals into the blood called?

resorption

bones that are longer than they are wide

long bones

If you were having joint problems, which medical specialist would be most likely to help you?

orthopedist

The process of bone formation is called

ossification

Osteoblasts secrete the hormone?

osteocalcin

During bone remodeling, the cells that remove unnecessary bone mass are called ____

osteoclasts

In adults, which bone marrow is limited to the axial skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and proximal heads of the humerus and femur?

red

In which of the following does blood cell production occur?

red bone marrow

a fracture in a healthy bone caused by the force of a fall is classified as a ___________ fracture

stress

What is the purpose of the canaliculi in compact bone?

to provide a passageway between the lacunae

What are the thin plates forming spongy bone called?

trabeculae

Which structures found in spongy bone line up along the bones lines of stress?

trabeculae

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the closest to the marrow cavity?

zone of bone deposition

In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae?

zone of cell proliferation

The end of the bone is called?

epiphysis

What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach called?

epiphysis

Which hormone has a greater effect on bone growth

estrogen

Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of a fracture ______, a blood clot.

hematoma

Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification

hyaline cartilage model

Where does a long bone grow in length?

epiphyseal plate

Lacunae are located between the concentric rings of compact bone tissue that are called ....

lamallae

Most long bones are found

limbs

What are the spaces between trabeculae filled with?

marrow

The medullary cavity is also called the

marrow cavity

What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?

osteocytes

Which condition occurs because of a defect in collagen deposition that causes bones to be exceptionally brittle?

osteogenesis imperfecta

Which gland secretes parathyroid hormone?

parathyroid gland

A low blood calcium level stimulates the release of which hormone?

parathyroid hormone

Cartilage is surrounded by fibrous layer called?

perichondrium

Fatty bone marrow that no longer produces blood cells is called ____ bone marrow.

yellow

Within compact bone, a central canal is found at the center of which structure?

an osteon

What is the hyaline cartilage found covering the ends of bones within a joint called?

articular cartilage

What is the function of red bone marrow

blood cell formation

Who is likely to have a greater bone density, a construction worker or an office worker?

construction worker

Is a patient has abnormally high blood calcium levels, they are said to have a condition called?

Hypercalcemia

What is low blood calcium called?

Hypocalcemia

Mineral deposition into bones begin when?

In fetal ossification

The action carried out by osteoblasts is

Osteolysis

In the human body where is 99% of the calcium found?

The bones

Which osseous tissue is found at the surface of all bones?

compact

Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?

compact

True or false: a hard callus is composed of fibrocartilage

False

True or false: an athlete will have a lower bone density than a couch potato

False

True or false: osteocytes and osteoblasts develop from the same type of stem cells

False

True or false: spongy bone is primarily made up of osteons.

False

True or false: the bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes

False

In the human body, what percentage of calcium in the body is found in the bones?

99%

Thin often curved bones are classified as what shape?

Flat

Another term for a central canal is a blank canal

Haversian

What is the name for a channel that extends longitudinally through the center of an osteon?

Haversian and central canal

Which is a function of articular cartilage

Allows easier joint movements

Vitamin D, also known as ____, raises blood calcium level

calcitriol

The shaft of a long bone is called

diaphysis

What bone shape are the carpal bones of the wrist?

short

What is the most common and deadly form of bone cancer

Osteosarcoma

Which best describes osseous tissue?

A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone.

Which describes the structure of a flat bone?

A layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.

What often caused the loss of bone mass seen in osteoporosis in older women?

A loss of estrogen

During fracture healing, cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form which of the following?

A soft callus

Which describes osteoid?

A soft collagenous tissue similar to the bone but without minerals

Which describes a nutrient foreman?

An opening into the surface of a bone which allows the passage of blood vessels into the bone tissue

Which type of bone growth involves the deposition of new tissue at the surfaces?

Appositional

Which type of bone growth occurs within mature bond and results in the bone becoming thicker?

Appositional growth

Which of the following best describes perforating fibers?

Collagen fibers from the periosteum that firmly adhere the periosteum to the bone

By weight, the skeleton is mostly blank bone.

Compact

The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called blank lamellae.

Concentric

In longitudinal views, osteons are?

Cylinders

What is the term of the bone tissue located between the two layers of compact bone in the skull?

Diploe

The formation of osseous tissue areas outside of bone is called blank ossification.

Ectopic

One function of the skeleton is to store calcium and phosphate to help maintain blank balance

Electrolyte

Bones are classified as one of four types on their shape. The bones of the cranium are examples of blank bones.

Flat

Blank cartilage is the tissue which is replaced with bone during endochondral ossification

Hyaline

Articular surfaces of long bones are covered with which tissue?

Hyaline cartilage

Partial order osteons can be found between complete newer osteons. These partial osteons are referred to as blank lamellae.

Interstitial

Bones such as the vertebrae are classified as blank bones

Irregular

What is the hollow space in which an osteocyte resides called?

Lacuna

Wolffs law of bone states that the architecture of a bone is determined by which of the following?

Mechanical stress

Which embryonic connective tissue gives rise to all connective tissues (including bones)?

Mesenchyme

Which of the following describes the zone of calcification in an epiphyseal plate?

Minerals are deposited between the columns of lacunae

Which allows the passage of blood vessels into a bone?

Nutrient foreman

When surgery is needed to set a fracture, this treatment is called a(n) __________________ reduction.

Open

The branch of medicine dealing with bone disorders is

Orthopedics

In which a condition is there excessive osteoclast proliferation resulting in weak, deformed bones

Osteitis deformans

Osteocytes are former

Osteoblasts

As a flat bone is produced by intramembranous ossification, which cells are responsible for the resorption of bone tissue that carves out the spongy bones trabeculae?

Osteoclasts

Which bone cells are responsible for bone reabsorption?

Osteoclasts

The study of bones is called

Osteology

Blank bones is always enclosed by durable compact bone

Spongy

An epiphyseal line is slightly denser

Spongy bone

Which of the following is a function of yellow bone marrow?

Storage of energy

Which describes a diaphysis?

The shaft of a long bone

Which of the following best describes osteomalacia?

The softening of the bones in adults due to calcium depletion

What is the metaphysis of a long bone?

Transitional area between diaphysis and epiphysis

True or false: compact bone comprises most of the diaphysis of the long bone.

True

True or false: most fractures are treated using closed reduction

True

True or false: once "closed" or ossified, growth in length occurs at an epiphyseal plate.

True

In a growth plate, which of the following describes the zone of bone deposition?

Walls between lacunae break down and chondrocytes die, osteoblasts begin secreting bone matrix.

Which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels?

calcitonin

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the farthest from the marrow space?

Zone of reserve cartilage

Osseous tissue is a connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up organs called?

bones

Where is the primary ossification center during endochondral ossification in a long bone?

diaphysis

Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?

endosteum

Trabeculae and spicules are found in ______ bone.

spongy

Stem cells in developing bone that give rise to osteoblasts are called _____ cells.

osteogenic

During ossification, osteogenic cells deposit which unmineralized collagenous tissue?

osteoid

Which adult condition involves the softening of bones due to demineralization?

osteomalacia

A degenerative bone disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and an increased risk of fracture is called

osteoporosis

Which hormone reduces the excretion of calcium by the kidneys?

parathyroid hormone

Which channels run perpendicular to the central canals of osteons?

perforating canals

Bones, such as the carpals in the wrist, that have the same length and width are classified as _____ bones.

short

Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?

spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

Bone marrow fills the spaces between trabeculae in ____ bone tissue.

spongy

The interior of flat bones is composed of ___ bone.

spongy


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