consciousness chapter 4
Theories on dreams: psychodynamic
Freud's theory that they are symbolic expression of unconscious wishes.(Dreams as wish fulfillment and manifest content and latent content)
stage 5 of sleep
REM; active EEG; vivid dreams; muscle inactive, paradoxical sleep. Alternates through night and increases in length toward morning.
Why sleep?
Theory 1: restoration and recuperation Theory 2: circadian rhythm(daily biological cycle) with only evolutionary value(safety in the dark)
tf when a hypnotist instructs subjects that they will be unable to see a visual stimulus, that stimulus becomes truly invisable
True(following instruction) false(altering physical capacity)
role-playing (social-cognitive) theory
accept and play a social role (obeying the hypnotist)
why sleep Adaptive theory
animals evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active
consciousness
awareness of external and internal events
stage 3 of sleep
deep sleep, delta wave
stage 4 of sleep
deepest sleep, slower delta wave
Activation-synthesis hypothesis
dreams are another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep; higher centers of the cortex create a "story" to explain the cortical activation coming from the brain stem
theta wave
drowsy
tf Freud used hypnosis a lot to treat his mental patients
false
tf The social-cognitive approach to hypnosis suggests that an individual being hypnotized is consciously faking their hypnotic reaction.
false
tf The theory of dissociated control suggests that hypnotized individuals enter a state of altered consciousness in which consciousness is divided
false
tf When hypnotized individuals are regressed to earlier ages, their brain waves reflect the age that they are re-experiencing.
false but semi true following instruction
tf Hypnosis increases the overall accuracy of memory.
false hypnosis cant increase cognitive capacity
beta wave
fast-fully awake and active
social-cognitive theory
hypnotized people not in altered state but are playing situational role expected of them
insomnia
inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get good quality sleep
Activation-information mode
information experienced during waking hours can influence synthesis of dreams
how is hypnosis valued and therapeutic treatment
its doubted because its mainly just the person following instruction( alters little physical capacity)
stage 2 of sleep
less easily awaken, EEG even slower with spindles
stage 1 of sleep
light, easily waken,hypnotic images, hypnic jerk, EEG slower than alpha(theta wave)
delta wave
much slower-deeply asleep
Theories on dreams: cognitive
or activation-information model, continuous processing of daytime information
Theories on dreams: phsyiological
or activation-synthesis model, thought and perception out of random brain activities
narcolepsy
person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning
sleep apnea
person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more
why sleep Restoration theory
sleep replenishes chemicals and repairs cellular damage.
alpha wave
slower-just before sleep; quite resting
tf Consciousness is defined as an awareness of oneself and the environment.
true
tf under hypnosis people are more likely to "recall" events that never really happened
true
hypnosis as dissociation
works only immediate consciousness, while hidden "observer" is aware of everything going on
