consciousness chapter 4

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Theories on dreams: psychodynamic

Freud's theory that they are symbolic expression of unconscious wishes.(Dreams as wish fulfillment and manifest content and latent content)

stage 5 of sleep

REM; active EEG; vivid dreams; muscle inactive, paradoxical sleep. Alternates through night and increases in length toward morning.

Why sleep?

Theory 1: restoration and recuperation Theory 2: circadian rhythm(daily biological cycle) with only evolutionary value(safety in the dark)

tf when a hypnotist instructs subjects that they will be unable to see a visual stimulus, that stimulus becomes truly invisable

True(following instruction) false(altering physical capacity)

role-playing (social-cognitive) theory

accept and play a social role (obeying the hypnotist)

why sleep Adaptive theory

animals evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active

consciousness

awareness of external and internal events

stage 3 of sleep

deep sleep, delta wave

stage 4 of sleep

deepest sleep, slower delta wave

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

dreams are another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep; higher centers of the cortex create a "story" to explain the cortical activation coming from the brain stem

theta wave

drowsy

tf Freud used hypnosis a lot to treat his mental patients

false

tf The social-cognitive approach to hypnosis suggests that an individual being hypnotized is consciously faking their hypnotic reaction.

false

tf The theory of dissociated control suggests that hypnotized individuals enter a state of altered consciousness in which consciousness is divided

false

tf When hypnotized individuals are regressed to earlier ages, their brain waves reflect the age that they are re-experiencing.

false but semi true following instruction

tf Hypnosis increases the overall accuracy of memory.

false hypnosis cant increase cognitive capacity

beta wave

fast-fully awake and active

social-cognitive theory

hypnotized people not in altered state but are playing situational role expected of them

insomnia

inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get good quality sleep

Activation-information mode

information experienced during waking hours can influence synthesis of dreams

how is hypnosis valued and therapeutic treatment

its doubted because its mainly just the person following instruction( alters little physical capacity)

stage 2 of sleep

less easily awaken, EEG even slower with spindles

stage 1 of sleep

light, easily waken,hypnotic images, hypnic jerk, EEG slower than alpha(theta wave)

delta wave

much slower-deeply asleep

Theories on dreams: cognitive

or activation-information model, continuous processing of daytime information

Theories on dreams: phsyiological

or activation-synthesis model, thought and perception out of random brain activities

narcolepsy

person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning

sleep apnea

person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more

why sleep Restoration theory

sleep replenishes chemicals and repairs cellular damage.

alpha wave

slower-just before sleep; quite resting

tf Consciousness is defined as an awareness of oneself and the environment.

true

tf under hypnosis people are more likely to "recall" events that never really happened

true

hypnosis as dissociation

works only immediate consciousness, while hidden "observer" is aware of everything going on


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