Consumer Behavior Final

____________ are frequently able to influence others' attitudes on behavior.

Opinion leaders

A couple-dispensing machine in a grocery aisle and an employee handing out free samples of a new product are both examples of ______________.

POP stimuli

A ____________ is defined as a group whose members share beliefs and common experiences that set them apart from others.

Subculture

A(n) ____________is a marking intermediary retained by a consumer to guide what that consumer buys.

Surrogate consumer

When companies use celebrities in their ads they are using the principle of ________ reference groups.

Aspirational

Which of the "Big Three" American subcultures make up about 13% of the population?

African American

Which American ethnic subculture is the fastest growing?

Asian American

A(n) ____________ is a lasting, general evaluation of people (including oneself), objects, advertisements, or issues.

Attitude

Source __________ refers to the perceived social value of a message source.

Attractiveness

78% of the global population is low income consumers whose purchasing power is under $10,000 per year. They are referred to as ______________.

Bottom of the pyramid

A consumer who buys the same brand over and over again exhibits ___________.

Brand loyalty

Over time, we are finding that _____________ are becoming more important than the country of origin of products and services.

Brands

A customer buying an unfamiliar product that carries a fair degree of risk would most likely engage in ________ decision making?

Cognitive

__________ measures how optimistic or pessimistic people are about the future health of the economy and how they will fair in the future.

Consumer confidence

Which of the following is considered a post-purchase process?

Consumer satisfaction

A primary benefit from having a highly standardized product when going into foreign markets is _____________.

Cost savings based on economies of scale

The source of a message has an impact on whether the message will be accepted or not. Two particularly important source characteristics are ____________.

Credibility and attractiveness

A reason why consumers conform is _________.

Cultural pressures, fear of deviance, commitment

Buying decisions that are made with little or no conscious effort are called ____________.

Habitual

A mental or problem-solving shortcut to make a decision is called a(n) __________.

Heuristic

Anna Jeter has a sudden urge she couldn't resist to buy a new purse; she was engaging in ___________.

Impulse buying

The best predictor of major expenditures that do not have status or symbolic value is ____________.

Income

Which factor does NOT affect the savings rate?

Income inequality

____________ usually dictate what is right and wrong, acceptable or unacceptable.

Norms

The single best indicator of social class is _______________.

Occupational prestige

Individuals with the ability to influences others' attributes or behaviors are considered ______________.

Opinion leaders

If a member of the upper class wore shredded Levi's jeans to formal party, the person would be exhibiting a sophisticated form of conspicuous consumption known as _______________.

Parody Display

If you were able to pull strings and get your friends past the velvet rope and into an exclusive nightclub, you would gain some ___________________.

Social captial

Hedonic shopping motives include ________________

Social experiences, interpersonal attraction, thrill of the hunt

________ refers to the passage of individuals from one social class to another.

Social mobility

Sophie tells Nick about a great new restaurant. Sophie is practicing ______________.

Word-of-mouth communication

The balance theory perspective involves relations among three elements (a triad). Which of the following is one of the elements of the triad?

A person and his or her perceptions

Decisions driven by our emotional responses to a product are called ______________.

Affective

What is the most powerful age segment economically in the United States?

Baby Boomer Generation

___________ considers how people perceive relations among different attitude objects, and how they alter attitudes to remain consistent.

Balance Theory

The expectancy disconfirmation theory holds that expectations influence __________.

Choice and satisfcation

Money available to a household over and about what required to have a comfortable standard of living is called _________.

Discretionary income

Researchers primarily see the gift-giving ritual as a type of _________ exchange.

Economic

__________ derives from the knowledge that a consumer possesses about a content area.

Expert power

____________ refers to analytical techniques that combine data on consumer expenditures and other socioeconomics factors with geographic information.

Gedemography

All of the following are important components of social class EXCEPT for _____________.

Gender

What is the most diverse generational cohort in the U.S. history?

Generation Z

If a fireman told you to leave your apartment, you would comply because the fireman has ______ power.

Legitimate

A group composed of people that the consumer actually knows is called a(n) _________ reference group.

Membership

What is NOT an example of foreign culture influencing culture in the United States?

NFL football games in Mexico City and London

If a consumer admires the qualities of another person and copies his or her behaviors, the person that is copied has __________ power.

Referent

A special ritual marking a person's change in social status is called a ________________.

Rite of passage

A set of multiple symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and tend to be repeated is called a _______.

Ritual

Give an example of a ritual ________________________

Thanksgiving dinner, happens every year on the same day

People born between 1946 and 1964 belong to ________________.

The Baby Boomer Generation

Which of the following is NOT true of Generation Y?

The most diverse age cohort

Which theory of attitudes states that people are motivated to take action to resolve inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors?

Theory of cognitive dissonance

An extended family unit is characterized by ___________ living together.

Three generations of a family

A typical antecedent state that a consumer might experience as he or she approaches the purchase environment is __________.

Time pressure

Decisions are influenced by the way a problem is posed. This is called framing.

True

Gasoline is the only commonly purchased product that is priced down to a fraction of a cent. This is the case because buying gasoline is a low-involvement activity, which makes point-of-purchase factors more important.

True

Which is NOT a factor that determines the Family Life cycle stage?

Whether grandparents also live in the home

What is a major distinction between customers who purchase a product because they are brand loyal and those who purchase by inerita?

Whether the customers experience high or low involvement toward the product

Culture is best described as a society's _______________.

Personality

When going into foreign markets a primary benefit from having a product adapted to the local market is ___________.

Potentially better connection with customers