cont 3

Which of the following prompted calls to fix the defects of the confederal system created under the Articles of Confederation?

- economic problems - domestic rebellions

Which of the following governing powers fit within the definition of concurrent powers?

-borrow money -contract and pay debts -levy taxes =eminent domain

Which of these represents a level of government most Americans live under?

-county -national -state -municipal or township

Which of the following are constitutionally enumerated obligations of the federal government to the states?

-guaranteeing a republican form of government prohibiting the national government from changing state boundaries -without consent of the states concerned -protecting states from foreign invasion and domestic violence

The Fourteenth Amendment extends which of the following liberties to citizens of the various states?

-privileges and immunities - equal protection of the laws -due process

What are some examples of additional rights that have been granted citizens by states?

-protections against discrimination based on sexual orientation -freedom of expression in privately owned properties -guarantees of clean air

During which period was dual federalism the dominant form of federalism in the United States?

1789-1932

When did the United States ratify the Sixteenth Amendment?

1913

Concurrent powers are powers that

=the national and state governments exercise independently. -the national and state government exercise at the same time.

Which article of the Constitution includes the Supremacy Clause?

Article VI

Why does the Constitution give implied powers to Congress?

Congress cannot fulfill the enumerated powers without implied powers.

What is the primary distinction between cooperative federalism and centralized federalism?

Cooperative federalism grants assist states in meeting their priorities, while centralized federalism grants come with strings attached.

Which of the following statements best represents the American constitutional model of federalism?

Each level is sovereign, with the exception of overlapping issues, in which case the federal level enjoys supremacy.

Which of these descriptions is consistent with a federal system?

Each of two governing layers holds ultimate authority over different matters.

Which law, passed in 2015, devolves education policy responsibility back to states and local school districts?

Every Student Succeeds Act

True or false: Only Republican lawmakers and presidents support devolution, or the return of policy responsibilities to state and local governments.

False

True or false: The Constitution does not delegate any powers to the states.

False

True or false: The Constitution requires governors to accept extradition requests made by fellow governors

False

True or false: The U.S. Constitution clearly lays out the specific powers that each level of government enjoys.

False

True or false: There are fewer conditions on how states can use block grants today than there were when they were first introduced.

False

Which of the following requires the national government to ensure that state governments follow due process and guarantee equal protection of the laws?

Fourteenth Amendment

Which of the following is true of the era of partisan federalism?

Government officials will support the action by whichever level of government supports their policy preferences.

What has been the pattern of intergovernmental relations for the majority of policy initiatives implemented during the conflicted federalism era?

Intergovernmental efforts are the norm, with the national government enforcing its will in some cases while states voluntarily comply in other cases.

How does the U.S. Constitution create the dual sovereignty that is characteristic of a federal system?

It distributes different powers to the federal and state layers.

How is the Sixteenth Amendment important to the development of cooperative federalism?

It gave the federal government revenue that it could use to financially assist the states.

In general, how does the Supreme Court respond to cases involving the enactment of laws based on Congress's constitutionally implied powers?

It typically upholds such laws.

How does conflicted federalism relate to other forms of federalism?

It uses elements of dual federalism, cooperative federalism, and centralized federalism.

In a confederation, the central government has ______ authority over states and localities.

Limited

Which of the following is characteristic of cooperative-era intergovernmental transfers?

National grants-in-aid carried few specific terms and conditions.

Delegates from each state except ______ attended the convention to adopt the Articles of Confederation.

Rhode Island

Which of the following presidents referred to devolution as "new federalism"?

Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan

Which of the following presidents supported devolution, or the return of policy responsibilities to state and local governments?

Ronald Reagan Richard Nixon

Why do states continue to accept federal grant money?

States depend on federal grant money to meet budget obligations.

The ______ Amendment reserves powers for the states that are not expressly delegated to the national government by the Constitution.

Tenth

Which of the following is true about how the Constitution deals with state power?

The Constitution does not explicitly speak of state sovereignty. The Constitution specifies only a few state powers.

Which of the following statements about the Constitution's delegation of state authority is accurate?

The Constitution lacks a lot of specific detail on state authority.

If there is a debate between a national law and a state law, how does the Supreme Court typically resolve the situation?

The Supreme Court generally takes the stance that the national government trumps state governments, as outlined in the supremacy clause.

Why did the colonies eventually declare independence from the British Crown?

The colonies had no formal venue for influencing parliamentary policy.

In a confederation, if the central government body passes legislation requiring the sovereign members to levy a tax on their citizens to help defray the cost of maintaining a military, what options do the members possess?

The members are free to carry out the new tax or they can simply ignore the central governing body's mandate.

Which phrase best describes the period during which dual federalism was practiced most in the United States?

The national government enforced its enumerated powers, while the states enforced their reserve powers.

Why is the necessary and proper clause also referred to as the elastic clause?

The national government uses the clause to stretch its enumerated authority.

What did the Supreme Court decide in McCulloch v. Maryland?

The necessary and proper clause implies the power to establish a national bank.

How does gridlock in Congress contribute to partisan federalism?

The policy vacuum is filled with state legislation, which often conflicts because states are run by different political parties.

Why did the framers of the Constitution specifically enumerate very few powers for the states?

The state governments were already functioning prior to constitutional ratification.

Which of the following conditions is typically attached to a categorical formula grant?

The state or local government must provide matching funds.

Which level of government enjoys ultimate control of a policy issue requiring intergovernmental collaboration?

The state, federal, or local level maintains authority depending on the policy area.

Which phrase best describes the relationship between the national government and the states within the framework of a cooperative federalism system?

The two levels work together in addressing domestic matters reserved to the states.

True or false: Taking private property for public use (eminent domain) is an example of a concurrent power or authority.

True

True or false: The rights and privileges granted by the U.S. Constitution are only minimums; state and local governments can enact laws that provide additional rights and privileges to their citizens.

True

The first constitution of the United States created

a confederal system of government.

Which of the following are powers that are delegated to the president under Article II of the Constitution?

appointing ambassadors with advice and consent of the Senate responsibility to ensure proper implementation of national laws making treaties with advice and consent of the Senate

In which of the following ways does the Constitution enable states to protect their constitutional powers?

by giving them final say regarding amending the Constitution by giving them voice in the national government through representation in the legislative body

A grant-in-aid for a narrowly defined purpose for which governments compete with each other by proposing specific projects is referred to as a(n)

categorical project grant.

The privileges and immunities clause guarantees the rights of which of the following groups?

citizens engaging in interstate travel or citizens who move to another state

Which powers are exercised by both the national and state governments?

concurrent

Which of the following are powers delegated to the states under the Constitution?

conducting local, state, and national elections ratifying constitutional amendments

Which system allows a national government to maintain authority within its borders while cooperating with the independent sovereign governments that form it?

confederal system

Which of the following refers to intergovernmental relations in which elements of dual federalism, cooperative federalism, and centralized federalism are evident in the domestic policies implemented by state and local governments?

conflicted federalism

Federal grants-in-aid

do not need to be paid back.

An approach to federal-state relationships in which the national government takes care of its enumerated powers while the state governments independently take care of their reserved powers is known as federalism.

dual

Which of the following defines a federal system of government?

dual sovereignty

Those powers expressly listed in the Constitution are referred to as

enumerated.

Which of these colonies adopted its own constitution after the Declaration of Independence from Great Britain?

every colony

In the case Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court interpreted the power to "regulate commerce among the several states" in such a way as to ______ this enumerated power.

expand

In Gibbons v. Odgen, the Supreme Court loosely defined the term commerce as used in the Constitution, which had the effect of

expanding the power of the national government.

A governmental structure with two levels of government in which each level has sovereignty over different policy matters and geographic areas is a ______ system.

federal

According to Article VI of the Constitution, which layer of government prevails whenever two or more layers pass conflicting laws?

federal

Which system of government makes use of the innovation of dual sovereignty?

federal system

Match each system of government with the appropriate description.

federal system - two levels of sovereign governments confederal system - sovereign regional governments unitary system - sovereign central government

Indian reservations are considered sovereign foreign nations but are subject to ______ laws and treaties.

federal-level

The relationship that arises between national and state and local governments as the result of national grants of money is best described as

fiscal federalism.

Compared to cooperative federalism, centralized federalism was characterized by

greater national government control.

Interstate compacts are an example of which form of federalism?

horizontal

A collaborative effort of two or more levels of government working together to serve the public is known as

intergovernmental relations.

Both the cooperative federalism and centralized federalism eras used which governing tool?

intergovernmental transfers of grants-in-aid

Article III of the Constitution enumerates power to the

judicial branch.

The police powers of states include the power to protect all the following except

national borders.

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court found that in a conflict between national legislation and state legislation,

national law is supreme as long as it falls under the national government's enumerated and implied powers.

U.S. citizens typically owe which legally required duty or burden to every governing layer?

paying taxes

Laws designed to protect the health, safety, lives and property of citizens are called ______ powers.

police

Which clause of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution asserts that each state must extend to other states' citizens the same conditions it provides for its own citizens?

privileges and immunities

The Supreme Court in Gibbons v. Ogden interpreted the meaning of which constitutional power?

regulating interstate commerce

According to treaties signed with the federal government, Native Americans are considered

sovereign foreign nations.

Intergovernmental relations involves which stages of the policy process?

statement development, financing, and implementation stages

Every law passed by any layer of American government must comply with

the Constitution.

Which of these acts is the best example of the national government's power to provide for the general welfare?

the Social Security Act

Which of the following clauses has the Supreme Court had to interpret repeatedly due to the Constitution's vague language?

the commerce clause the reserved powers clause the necessary and proper clause the general welfare clause

The necessary and proper clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution extends

the enumerated federal powers.

The U.S. Constitution defines or recognizes powers associated with which of the following levels of government?

the federal and state levels

Which of these officials must request the extradition of a possible criminal to the state in which a crime occurred?

the governor of the state in which the crime occurred

The U.S. federal system can be confusing because

the language of the Constitution is vague and needs to be interpreted.

Fiscal federalism is the relationship between the national government and state and local governments whereby

the national government provides grant money to state and local governments.

Which of the following are among the enumerated powers granted to the national government by the Constitution?

the power to coin money the power to raise an army the power to declare war

Dual sovereignty is a system of government in which

two distinct levels of government exist, each having ultimate authority on some issues.

Great Britain has which type of governing system?

unitary

Which governing system allows the central government to alter or abolish subgovernments?

unitary only

The language of the Constitution is

vague, which continues to spark disputes over what the constitutional powers of the national government are versus the powers of state governments.

States and localities can pass laws as long as such laws do not

violate the U.S. Constitution.

The Sixteenth Amendment granted Congress the authority to collect income taxes

without apportioning those taxes among the states on the basis of population.