contemporary art h test 2

IN STUDY GUIDE MICHAEL FRIED ART HISTORIAN

"Art and objecthood" Artworks do something else Critique of minimalism MOST FAMOUS PART AND USED BY ARTISTS MINIMALISM IS TOO THEATRICAL You sort of preform with the work MOVES US FROM SCULPTURES TO ENCOUNTERS ABSORPTION VERSUS THEATRICALITY

George herms

"the librarian 1960" Assemblage How librarians and the books that was and want allowed at the time

Michael Fried, "Art and Objecthood"

(1967): A famous essay critical of Minimalism. Fried extends Greenberg's position that Minimalism blurs the art/non-art line. Fried sees Minimalism as an unfortunate growth of Modernism, one that took Greenberg's idea of investigating the essence of a medium (determining its essential qualities) too far (especially in reference to Judd). Therefore, it undermines the Modernist project from within; Minimal art alludes only to itself and its very objecthood. A work of art, Fried argues, is "not an object." Modernist work defeats its objecthood by organizing anideal aesthetic space. Minimalism simply does not construct an ideal aesthetic space. Fried determined Minimalism was too "theatrical" (particularly Morris's work): spectator's attention, much too momentary (temporal). Minimalism moves us from sculpture to encounters; this is what upsets Fried and what he calls "theatricality." What Fried wants art to give us is "presentness" (absorption), that is, a removal from everyday life and mundane encounters.

the street

1960 Happened in the junsen gallery He built an epic construction on cardboard Included drawings Microcosm about impermanence, returning to simpler state of things 2 THINGS IMPORTANT: BLURS THE LINE BETWEEN THE VALUE CREATION OF AN ART, BUT DOING IT IN REVERSE CREATE THINGS OF ARTISTIC VALUE AND THEN DESTROYS THEM IMMEDIATELY BLURS THE LINE BETWEEN STUDIO AND GALLERY STUDIO, ARTISTS PREDUCE STUDIES Ray gun was his alter ego Turning into this trixter figure, mock hero Have almost this epic manic of energy where Ray gun would destroy the drawings and work he had made Manic chaotic, screaming, violent behavior

dick tracy

1960 Started in advertising Silk screens Takes things form a comic book and figures how to enlarge that And how art is presented

carl andre

Lever 1966 Straight line laid out on gallery floor of 120 fire bricks Eliminate all traces of expressiveness Aesthetic process borders of non art Start seeing minimalism as modernist experimentation (pyramid square plan ) 1970 herm 1971 Single piece of wood presented Shift that we see, idea of sculpture as object to sculpture as place !!!! spill scatter piece 1966 After arranges other sculptures This entryway was filled with marble rectangles and throw them in the gallery Alstadt rectangle 1967 Raised sights "What i like about these, he can change the scale of the work" Too see all of it, you have to walk on it Copper ribbon 1969 Pulls it out Galrus copper galaxy 1995 They forget about their own rules When they call it galaxy and sets it up like this It has symbols

Yoko Ono

Event scores that were being done by john cage and lemmont young Smoke painting 1961 Construction pieces Has an idea and writes the instructions for the idea Collected These are her ideas and then whoever buys it makes the work Made into a book, called grapefruit

Red race riot

Ink in some color Would use Red is self explanatory, blood, mustard color they would spray canisters of gas and smoke to disperse the crowds and marches of protesters Color is symbolic overtones Life magazine photos Idea of protest in the streets Most clear of public property Question becomes How do you get people to re engage with an event and not fall in the trap of representation To what end? Does he really care about what is going on or no? Range of things is so broad It leaves us questioning There is no really evidence Micheal moore 9/11 documentary relation Screen is completely blackened Plays an audio Hear people talking about what they see, and hear and feel the second plane hit Warhol is re-presenting these documentary images

Objet trouvé

Literally meaning, "found object." Along with the readymade and assemblage, the found object, which is at the center of Surrealist practice, is a critical alternative to traditional sculpture based on modeling a human figure. Contrast with the Duchampian readymade, which was an everyday product repositioned as art, questioned the basic assumptions about art and the artist, and in which choice was a key aspect. The found object, on the other hand, reverses the poles of active subject and passive object, meaning that the found object was a materialization of repressed desires and, for the Surrealists, it indicated a moment when the discovered object (in flea markets, etc.) choose the subject. Found objects are outmoded things that are signs of the past, desire, and identity.

Jack Kerouac

NYC 1944 His book "on the road" 1957 entire scroll Changes american culture Whole idea of college road trip is because of this Journey is the thing not the destination Wrote on one continuous scroll of typing paper 120 ft long Claimed all done in one mad intense session 1st thought is best thought You create a theme and improvise that theme, which they take from jazz musicians Encourage you to not be afraid Be yourself Speak your truth

William Burroughs

NYC 1944 "naked lunch" book Was not allowed to be published in the US, first published in paris 1962 was allowed to be punished in US All fiction and fantasy Exhibits most experimental extraordinary writing Burroughs mistakenly taken as druggie

White burning car III

News photo Argues When you see a gruesome pic over and over again, it does not really have an affect Spacing Changing how the images is framed and cropped Each frame and crop decides what becomes visible in it

looking glass

One way you can always identify his assemblages HE BINDS ALL OF OR SOME OF IT IN WOMEN PANTY HOSE OR STOCKINGS The quintessential rag picker Always finding shit everywhere

Bruce Connor

PANTY HOSE GUY!!! looking glass 1964 portrait of Allen Ginsberg 1960 Visual artist take the idea of the beat down or rough and translate it by working with discarded materials and trash Assembling in a new way into an art wokr Takes this from the end of ginsberg's howl Everything is holy World, nose, etc Inspires people black dahlia 1960

John baldessari

pencil story 1972-3 Image and texts on construction paper Has to do with the idea Idea of a pencil Not actually into pencils Abstract idea or concept of the pencil Potentiality or use at hand JOHN bALDESSARI The commissioned paintings 1969-70 Makes a project on the pointing idea Took photos of friends pointing at things in his apartment Took the photos to 14 sunday paintings he saw and commissioned them to paint them Then stenciled the artist on Exhibited BASIC QUESTION: SO WHO IS THE ARTIST HERE The whole thing is named after his Idea that is actualized through the work is what he claims Baldessari I will not make anymore boring art 1971 No budget Want you to come and do labor Thought about it and participated Sent a proposal and had the art students themselves write on the walls of the gallery And fill walls " i will not make anymore boring art"

Andy Warhol

started in advertising silk screens takes things from comic books and figures out how to enlarge them wanted photographer to come take pics of his progress just as pollock did works: do it yourself 1962 installation view of campbell's soup cans at the farris gallery (owned by wallace berman ) in LA 1962 double elvis 1963 ferus type The factory 1966 Empire 1964 Warhol's death and disaster series 2 year period, end of it is the trauma and artwork at the new york worlds fair wanted men work Warhol five death seveteen times in black and white 1963 White burning car III Red race riot Warhol 13 Most wanted men 1964 new york world's fair, new york state pavilion Warhol, 210 coca-cola bottles 1967 leo castelli 1975 brillo boxes

jay de feo

the rose

George brecht

three chair event 1961 Object placed in dif. Context and how people interact with and around those objects Caused the most beautiful event When klaus oldenburg grandma came, she walked in and saw no art and was annoyed Sat down on yellow chair outside And trashed talked the gallery He saw it as a success Implications of fluxus event - Drawing attention to ordinary things - More conscious of things in their space - Tie to minimalism and renew perception - See things as if it were the first time - Risk dissolving into everyday life - Some attention to the sight specificity - At specific locations

John chamberlain

velvet white

Allan Kaprow

yard 1961 words 1962 18 Happenings, in 6 parts 1959, published in 1966 1958 wrote essay "LEGACY OF JACKSON POLLOCK"

Name june paik,

zen for head 1962 "Draw a straight line and follow it" - lemmont young project

Joseph Beuys

PREFORMATIVE FLUXUS German Artist after WWII All about mythology, not a machine Thought the role of artist was to be heroic Can communicate between dif groups that can't communicate Was not in fluxus Returns us to mythology and irrational and spiritual thought Immediate question - What were you doing during the war - For a while he was in the hitler youth in 1946, 1941 volunteerd to be in nazi loof wafa - Creates myth to reinvent himself to become this artist after the war - Has no sense of him what art does or does not do - Does instillations, performance, sculptures - Volunteered for nazi air force, shot down, and found him, brought him to a german hospital, and he was ok - Invents this whole story to be reborn in an nomadic tribe - This is myth - Creating myth through art - Dangers of reason and logic alone

This Is Tomorrow

The title of an exhibition held at the Whitechapel Gallery in London in 1956. It was primarily a venue for the work of the Independent Group (Richard Hamilton, Eduardo Paolozzi, Alison and Peter Smithson and others). The exhibition design and the work presented fused fine art and pop culture. It opened art to mass media and culture. Ironic stance towards Modernism (Van Gogh, Picasso, etc.); art as commodity. Key moment in the history of contemporary art, in particular Pop Art. First use of the term "pop art" occurred at this exhibition.

Judds Work

Untitled 1963 Paints it red The criticism of judd of robert morris The red uncercuts his position You now see signifyers once painting it Untitled 1965 Stacked Metal and tops are plexiglass Transparent Hard to pervice just the work itself Start breaking it down into parts But never see the whole thing untitled , 1966 Made out of steel Cube Plexiglass Puts up on the wall Galvanized iron wall 1974 Title is literally what the material is No placed in the center, almost indisguible from the gallery wall

double elvis 1963 ferus type

Zoetrope 24 frames individual stills, pass by in a second Massive large zoetrope 22 panels See elvis panels Stand in the middle and look at all of them Metaphor about stardom, fame and obsession One undeniable trait, he recognized that in postwar society, a celebrity is a readymade He then gets interested in celebrities The way they maintain their status is they have to stay in front of us

Richard Hamilton

just what is that makes today's homes so different and appealing 1956

Daniel spoerri

lunch 1972 When he is in his studio when is he actually working ? what is the actual art work? The most of his ideas came from or in the aftermath with he is with friends When they would leave he would always have these ideas Then the art work were happening over those meals and they were the most important meals in his life He would glue the meal left over to the table top after they left, and then hung it on the wall

Allan Ginsberg

nyc 1944 Poem HOWL BOOK, trial surrounding it made him famous The beats are the gateway drug to greater more intense interest, art, etc First lines are extraordinary and have been recited in a number of things "I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed..." Almost luke confessional kind of writing Ginsberg gets interested in eastern religion practices

IMPORTANT DATES

1956 This is tomorrow Key moment in the history of contemporary art, in particular Pop Art. First use of the term "pop art" occurred at this exhibition. 1962 Campbell soup, warhol instillation of campbell soup Mass media Silk screen Repetition Opposed to moma and conservative approach 1970 Hanns Hackke MOMA POLL 1936 Walter Benjamin 1936 essay "The Work of Art in the Age of Its Mechanical Reproducibility" is a seminal text in the study of modern and contemporary art.

the rose

1958-1966 Monumental Assemblage piece 11 ft high and 11 inches thick Made out of almost 2000 pounds of paint A silent suppurate video of all these artists trying to move this massive thing out fo her apartment Called it the rose, in later things it sort of can be a atomic bomb blast, or a medatative thing, whichver one things

18 happenings in 6 parts

1959 We call this the very 1st happening The space was divided into 3 rooms Various objects meant to be used as props Either an object or blank thing in front of these walls Visitors got tickets and tickets assigned you where to start in the exhibition room - electric , mechanical, live recording, light effects, projector All about constantly altering and changing the atmosphere, movement, and no central focus 3 men and 3 women to start, audience then come in and participate Scripted but natural reactions together Expressionless look on each face Wasn't about their state But about their action instead He WANTED TO ACCOMPLISH 2 THINGS, 1. BREAK THE BARRIER BETWEEN PARTICIPANTS AND AUDIENCE 2. WANTED TO DEFAMILIARIZE THE AUDIENCE, IF HE COULD ASSTRANGE THE AUDIENCE FROM THEIR EXPECTATIONS HE CAN INTRODUCE THEM TO NEW EXPERIMENTAL THINGS

bruce nauman

Bruce nauman coffee thrown away because it was too cold 1966 His conceptual art from mid 60s and 70s was challenging, he was trained a certain way and then in his studio he does not know what to make anymore once conceptual art Realizes The false starts, thinking, labor is conceptual art Starts documenting the labor and process

Yoko Ono

Cut piece PREFORMATIVE 1965 Instruction piece or event score For her and us Had to appear on stage wearing her best clothes and be holding scissors and a stopwatch Sits down and says nothing to the audience Audience told by someone else or on their seat their is an instruction card "If you wish, you can come up on the stage and cut a piece off the artist clothing and take it back with you" Another voice is telling you what you can or cannot do Something about ethics, trust of another person, relation of self and another Tension of political violence First time she did it, almost no one came up to do this Would she consider this piece a failure No, they don't have to be actualized He gave herself a set of instructions To not move, be as passive, quiet, expressionless as possible Show no emotion

How to explain pictures to a dead hare

Dead rabbits Head is covered with honey and a gold leaf Spent three hours in conversation with a dead hare He is explaining the history of art to a dead rabbit Felt is included Foot on a piece of metal Wires around

13 Most wanted men 1964 new york world's fair, new york state pavilion

Decided to go into his post office and see the most wanted poster and purpose and make this huge exterior for the pavilion A week before the fair was supposed to open, the gov. Of new york Rockefeller, he objected He was up for reelection, on the 13 most wanted men, ten of the 13 were italian american criminals He did not want to risk that and did not allow it to go up Warhol refused, the next week his factory was raided by police Basically looking for things to make him take it down Robert moses, in control of the fair, said fine we won't take it down, but we will paint over it so no one will see it with silver paint You still were able to see through the paint Made people look even more Does not really engage that much after his factory getrs raided A gay joke

The pack

1969 Took a volx wagon bus, car of the nazi people The car for the nazi people sleds , mythical dog sleds with felt on it The silence of marcel duchamp is overrated 1964 Gave a whole talk about he created the ready made, but with drew the democratic possibility of the ready made Gave his famous cry

leo castelli

1975 Castelli made artists wealthy, so in exchange he used him to make him wealthy

Fluxkits 1964-5

A box with games, devices, objects of how to do these events Almost like a yearbook of what the artists did that year They got this idea from duchamp's box of readymades Trying to come up with a alternative mode of distributing artists works

Readymade

A concept created by Marcel Duchamp: 1917 the nomination of an everyday, manufactured object to the status of a work of art. an appropriated object positioned as art. It foregrounds the questions: What is art? Who determines what is and is not art? What is the relationship between utilitarian objects and aesthetic ones? It challenges the Romantic conception of "art" and the "artist" (autonomy, self-expression, originality). Key elements for Duchamp: choice (selection by an artist makes it art) and a desire to attempt to make worksof art that are not works of art. E.g., Fountain(1917). Key elements of Duchampian readymade: choice(selection byan artist makes it art) and the institutional frame (gallery, museum, etc.).

Pop Art

A significant event in contemporary art after Abstract Expressionism embodied by the Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist, and others. They present art that embraces the everyday and the commercial: popular culture. Art is a commodity; it is tied to advertising and the larger economy. Union of high and low culture to demonstrate the power of the commodity to create culture and to color individual and collective identity. As much as it is a symptom and a response to postwar America in the 1960s, Pop Art also had art historical precedents in Synthetic Cubism, Dada, Duchamp, and Johns/Rauschenberg. •Andy Warhol [review all notes] •Romare Bearden

Simulacrum/Simulacra

A term from ancient philosophy, particularly Plato, that defines a representation that is not necessarily tied to an object in the world. As a copy without an original, a simulacrum is often used incultural criticism to describe the status of the image in our society of spectacle: mass-media, consumerism, commodity consumption, leisure and images. In the history of art, this concept can be seen in the work of Magritte and Andy Warhol where we see images that, even as they appear to be representations, dissolve the truth-claims of representation. Much postmodern art (Richard Price, Cindy Sherman, etc.) plays with and on the concept of the simulacrum. Key texts: Guy Debord, The Society of Spectacle(1967) and Jean Baudrillard, Simulacra and Simulation(1981).

Happenings

(late 1950s) were public events/performances, environmental installations, that aimed at being a "total art": "entirely unheard of happenings and events, found in garbage cans, police files, hotel lobbies,seen in store windows and on the streets, and sensed in dreams and horrible accidents." Practitioners of these events: Allan Kaprow, Lucas Samaras, Claes Oldenburg, Jim Dine, and others. Keys: spontaneity, visceral energy, gestural expression, flux, disorder. Aimed at dissolving all hierarchies and value-systems, he suppresses medium specificity and opens the aesthetic sphere. Some had a burlesque and carnivalesque spirit. •Non-narrative, theatrical events that challenged the separation between media and extended art into real time and space. •Chance, spontaneity is key: group improv took over from the authority of any single artistic intention. •Real life into art through the creation of environments: actual spaces filled with real objects and materials. •Close to Abstract Expressionism: performative aspect. Three-dimensional assemblage extension of Ab Ex sensibility: gesture, artist's labor/performance, spontaneity.

On Kawara

, the date paintings 4 march 1973 (dakar) 1973 One of the best examples an artwork Was really fascinated by the passage of time Play of presence and absence was , on a day he had to make a work Could make up to 3 in onde day Had to be dated If it wasn't completed by midnight, it had to be destroyed Sold in these boxes, inside, front page from news paper from the same day Reveal where he was on that day while he remains anonymous Was never photographed, interviewed, would not attend his own reveals Part of the ate painting s He would start sending telegrams wherever he was in the world Sent one to his friends Sent one All it said " i am not going to commit suicde, do not worry" Sent thousands out "Im still alive" Getting messages, theres always some lag or delay, time has passed By 1991, he completed almost 2 thousand of these date paintings

Raphael montanez ortiz

,PREFORMATIVE FLUXUS piano destruction concert 1966 The destruction if a form of creativity in reverse As he destroys the piano you start seeing new forms of the piano "How to turn an object into an event?"

just what is that makes today's homes so different and appealing

- 1956 Signifiers of what a boujee household should look like Pollok signifier used a carpet that looks like a pollock So much collision of popular and high art - Mass media and what is so significant Tootsie pop What is pop and pop art

Conceptual Art:

1960s Students start going on strike All about questioning authority Endless questioning of authority and meaning Concept is going to start asking questions about ourselves An international phenomenon in the art world, height of its practice was 1965-1972. A gesture of self-reflexivity and criticality organize this type of work wherein it is not about forms or materials, but about ideas and meanings. The artist works with meaning, not shapes, colors, forms, or materials. It undertakes a critique of traditional art and its values. Conceptual art arose in a time of crisis—a crisis of authority—in the mid-to late-1960s (Civil Rights Movement, Student Protests against Vietnam War, the events of May '68, etc.). However, much of the canonical Conceptual Art from this period rarely addresses these events directly. Conceptual Art, in general, abandons the aesthetic process altogether because art itself was contaminated by the art world. Dismantles the idea of a transcendental viewing experience, which is central to Modernism, to expose art's means of distribution and its position in society as a commodity (ephemeral materials, aesthetics of administration). It marks the emergence of the theoretical question about the nature of art (what it is, who decides). The term "Conceptual Art" was first used in Sol LeWitt's essay "Paragraphs on Conceptual Art" in 1967 (published in Artforum). Forms of Conceptual Art: readymade, intervention, documentation, and language. Genre of straightforward, explanatory prose coupled with a black-and-white documentary photograph: presentation not representation. Conceptual Art opens art to politics and interventions that are central to what we call Postmodernism. •John Baldessari •Bruce Nauman •Hans Haacke

the store

1961 First time they have to face, you don't have anything now to present in a gallery selling for collectors to take, buy, give to institutions Happenings and alot of performance work are trying not to make this but an EXPERIENCE INSTEAD It leaves them in a tough stop because their is no room or opportunity to sell When he realises this^, he leases a store, he makes these soft sculptures Look like commodities, but are rough art works Tries to sell them Gallery, rough antique shop Irony could not hold Gets more and more complicated for how to resolve the disctionion between comodadiey and art - What is their relationship

World's Fair II from ray gun theater

1962 "I WANT ART THAT DOES SOMETHING THAN SIT ON ITS ASS ON A MUSEUM" New alternative art spaces now opening up RAY gun is his alter ego

Words

1962 - all these words and statements confront you when you enter - spacial environment he is interested in

velvet white

1962 Aestheticize the metal of this Goes to junk yards and ruined cars Asks and takes parts Presents them in a gallery setting ready made sculptures Talks about cars and their to american culture Cars metal exterior is crushed and folded and broken How human skin were who were in the cars

do it yourself

1962 Interested in how art is framed and takes place Color by numbers work

installation view of campbell's soup cans at the farris gallery (owned by wallace berman ) in LA

1962 Most important He is totally based in NYC No gallery at the time would have put on a show like this Still looking abstract expressionism Wants to be inexpressive Warhol counters one of the best artists statements "I want ro be a machine" That he is not there Mass produce At the same time when this is up in LA, the norton simone is showing this famous Duchamp exhibition Moving between these two things Duchamp retrospective, then warhols Ready mades to then this Warhol picks this brand Soak silk screen process allows repetition that's never exact Also new the idea of gesture would be absent in the screening This kind of idea that gets him interested in other experiments

five death seveteen times in black and white

1963 Many argue that this is his strongest body of work Social and potential of his work A set of images about post war american mass media spectacle Death Violence Celebrity Media WE END UP SEEING EFFECTS OF REPETITION If you repeat them, you get used to it and it doesn't affect you anymore It is in fact that you want to protect yourself and stop looking at it anymore Seeing and looking What is repetition Difference is generated from this 1st time he is investigating the chain of ideas Media Knowledge Etc Not isolation Repetitive presentation Edges of each fram alters The street itself is now a sight of trauma, death, violence

Filter fat corner

1963 Instillation Takes real animal fat and puts it into the corner The room warms up as people come in and the animal fat melts Pours through the cheese cloth and floor

The cheif, fluxus chant

1963, 1964 Preformed it twice in galleries Lays there for 9 hours tightly wrapped in a roll of felt Large rabbits on either end of the felt Fat around the room, in the corners On the wall, he hung, two fingernails and a tuft on his hair Made noises through the microphone and said that these are the sounds in my mind that are nomadic animals

house hold happening

1964 People eating jam over a car without using their hands

Empire

1964 Filmed july 26 1964 Single documentary shot and film the state building for a about 6-7 hours No narrative Just being asked to have the patience and pay attention to the passage of time When you watch moving images, Their must be a plot This is not that^ he breaks that movement mechanism He wants to see if he can see time go by "Nothings happening" He replied well your not looking In repetition you need to discern the subtlest differences and how change happens

The factory

1966 His studio and where he lived was called the factory "I wanna be like a machine" Really important cultural sight When there were events they would hang this white banner Did screen tests Film experiments he did at the factory As famous people came in, he would take a photo of them but would leave to "get them" When leaving he would film them waiting What he uses, is what the screen tests are When he would present them, he would slow them down Some are moving, fascinating, awkward

giant soft fan

1966 Now famous for soft sculptures Uses vinyl, plastic, new materials for the 1960s Pop art comes into play here

210 coca-cola bottles

1967 "Philosophy of andy warhol from a to b and back again" Made book himself, philosophy of Andy Warhol americanness , that is its brand name, through our visual culture our identity equal acesa isn't true We market it

Faktura

An important term in the history of Modernism that is central to Russian Constructivism, the artistic and cultural response and collaboration in the immediate aftermath of the Russian Revolution in 1917. As part of this larger cultural revolution (new spaces, objects, transparency, social idealism) fakturais implicitly referred to in the Russian critic Viktor Shklovsky's claim that "The aim of art is to awaken our sensitivity to things, to really see them and not merely to recognize them" (Art as Technique, 1917). Faktura: focus on materials, textures, (tactile sense) anda mode of construction, that is, discovering a mode of production wherein the material (the medium itself) determined the process; thus, it was an attempt to erase or counter individual artistic will. Fakturaalso required incorporating the technical means of construction into the work itself, which included serious consideration about the placement of the constructivist object and its interaction (functionality) with the spectator. •Concept for Minimalism

Fluxus

An innovative matrix of performance and publishing activities created by the designer and art entrepreneur George Maciunas in 1961. It was less a movement than a sort of ironic avant-garde; they referred to themselves as an artistic "nonmovement." An international group of artists such as Shigeko Kubota, Yoko Ono, George Brecht, Nam June Paik, Le Monte Young, and others devised activities that aimed at promoting new sorts of objects and events. As a collective, Fluxus was an interactive paradign for making art that existed somewhere between sculpture and performance that centered on a simple event: an action that was closely related to everyday life. Fluxus artists saw no distinctionbetween art and life. This experimental art was published in journals edited by Maciunas, presented at Flux festivals in New York and Europe, or disseminated through Fluxkits. •Fluxkits •Yoko Ono •Instruction Works •Nam June Paik

Sol lewitt

Appiatmy of a serial methodology Systamiatic logic on his work Math formulas are used to develop shape or idea Work is the logic itself Key for him is System produces the art Five module structures sequential permutation on the # 5 1972 Sculpture as spacial map Idea is more complicated Serial project no 1 ABCD 1966 How can i make different series of squares and rectangles Grid pattern Frames Foreground to background each column is a set of these variations Nothing repeates Everyitme he installs this, it never repeats itself Open geometric structure IV 1990

i like america and america likes me

Beuys, coyote: 1974 Landed in NYC and ambulance picks him up and takes him to the gallery Had certain requirements that he asked for for his arrival Every morning the wall street was delivered to him and the coyote Performance: From when he got dropped off and then spent 3 days communicating with a coyote Would try to stare into its eyes Communicate with it Use its cane to control its movements Find some way of communications and become friends Coyote symbolized native american culture and spirited america before arrival of europeans First few days proper coyote, the animal tries to avoid it Sometimes it gets cornered and starts tearing the felt Everyday when the wall street was delivered, the coyote shred it At end becomes friends with the coyote Utopian element to his idea of social sculpture His phrase for what he is doing Extends certain things about these animals Attention to the environment

black dahlia

Black dahlia Killer was a serial killer Find decapitated woman's body in LA Unsolved until the 2000s These happens months apart Detective always had this suspicion his dad or uncle was the killer and comes out with this book Dad was a dentist and had access to this stuff, and also a patron of the arts and were friends with manrae and famous artists They start bringing young women to the house when he was younger About 6 months later, on americas next top model, she goes to them and pose in certain ways that are uncomfortable Sends them to the house where the murders happened Do a photoshoot as they were dead and murdered there Alot of these images and relationships between these materials came to him during these hallucinogenic state Has interest in freud's readings about Keeping trophies and fetishes Hetero sexual men Usually in some way to fulfill the absence they are experience in the female body Feud notices his patience with real fetishes Real fear of femininity they are trying to mask up All use the same phrase If the fettish is there, they are whole, if the fettishvisnt there, they will fall apart

George Maciunas

Fluxus Manifesto 1963 PIC ON PHONE One of the most important groups and movements in contemporary art Is the way to understand all of contemporary art << many art historians believe that Is about Radically redefining what an art object is Not only the thing, but also redefining the object of art Why do we do these things and what is the goal Was an idea by a designer and entrepreneur named george macinuanus Matrix of performance and publish things Ironcis avant garde From pic Left column you see art and what traditionally art is about, the right column what fluxas is about ANYTHING CAN BE ART AND ANYONE CAN DO IT Utopic thinking of art Good gesture " have no commodity or institutional value" Sooo uptoic Nothing to be exchange for the object "The rear guard" Not the avant garde, the forward garde What's the slightest change you can make that can make you notice Don't call them works they call it events Performance and sculpture Simple and closely distinguished to everyday life Smaller in scale Don't want to use traditional galleries Throwing their own things, fluxus festivals TRULY INTERNATIONAL

hanns haacke

Hans, Haacke, manet project 74 1974 Germany museum Invited him to do it Gave them research on every owner of manet's painting and how your museum came to own it Complied history of painting, who owned it and when Did not just list owners, researched the details of their lives Organizers rejected his proposal Because, the last panel, gave info of chairman of friends museum Hermann abs Had been serving in 50 different nazi boards Then after war spent months in jail after war Museum response to him when he asks why " museum knows nothing of economic power, only spiritual power"

Walter Benjamin 1936!!! KNOW DATE!!

Highly influential twentieth-century German-Jewish philosopher and cultural critic. His 1936 essay "The Work of Art in the Age of Its Mechanical Reproducibility" is a seminal text in the study of modern and contemporary art. In the essay Benjamin argues that mechanical reproducibility (photographic reproduction) allows for multiple copies of a single image. This requires that we fundamentally redefine the work of art, which had been defined by its unique appearance and particular existence in time and space. Benjamin referred to this unique existence as an artwork's aura. With reproducibility, a work of art is no longer unique; its singularity is lost and it is replaced with a multitude of copies. The "dissolution of the aura" opens the artwork to new readings and possibilities, most particularly politics. Benjamin's essay signals how the work of art is redefined in modernity and how the idea of a general visual culture is created. After reproducibility, ideas like originality, expressiveness, and beauty are no longer the essential characteristics of a work of art.

Minimalism

PRIMARILY SCULPTURE What does minimalism take form these precedents ^ Simplification of form and technique Learning that the work has no meaning beyond its material components and how its been made Their returning to this presidents, because they are rejecting the existential and physical claims that the abstract expressionists made Dislike ways they talked about in their work Take the idea of these precedents: the viewers become active participants in the production of the work Complete and finish it A form of neo-avant-garde art practice that emerged in New York and Los Angeles during the 1960s mostly associated with Carl Andre, Donald Judd, Robert Morris, Dan Flavin, and Sol LeWitt. It is primarily, but not limited to, sculptural work that tends to consist of single or repeated geometric forms (a basic cube, a pile of bricks, etc.). Often industrially built or built by skilled workers following the artist's instructions, the work removes any trace of the emotion or artistic expression. Minimalist artists orchestrated sculptural encounters between viewers and objects which were meant to foreground the psychological mechanisms of perception. A simplification of form and technique; rejects the metaphysical claims of Abstract Expressionism; serial distribution of the parts ("one thing after another"); viewers become active participants in the production of the work's meaning. Note the importance of the English-language translation of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's text Phenomenology of Perceptionon the discourse of Minimalism (embodied vision, phenomenology, etc.) •Precedents (especially Russian Constructivism) •Donald Judd •Carl Andre

Roy Lichtenstein

Popeye 1961 Studied at the art student scene Oil paintings How he does it, reinforces that it looks like a cheap thing Almost all the subject matter are taken from comic books Mural at world's fair 1964 Was bright colorful, funny In 1964 life magazine called him one of the worst artist in America the article goes on to argue is lightweight (intellectual), uncritical, and sudo populous 1962 1st solo show in leo costello at New york he sold out of the show, and 2 years later life magazine wrote the article

Beats

Postwar American counter-culture. The Beats are associated with the writers Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William Burroughs, among others. 3rd thing they share is that art and the making of art and being creative somehow it has to challenge or go beyond conventional reality Kerouac On the Road(1951), Ginsberg's key publication is Howl(1956) and Burroughs's is Naked Lunch. These figures lived on both coasts, in New York City and San Francisco. In both placeswe see several visual artists who also base their work on an attention to ordinary and everyday things, street slang, etc. •Challenging the distinction between high and low culture .•All of these works share an emphasis on uncensored self-expression (which is deemed necessary to creativity) so they have autobiographical elements, very personal, intimate •The belief that creativity is expanded through non-rational means, derangement of the senses (drugs, meditation, etc.) •Art supersedes the dictates of conventional morality. The social rebellion or counter-culture aspects that the Beats embody have a lot to do with challenging American middle-class pretension and mores: the culture of late capitalism, materialism, conservatism, hypocrisy. WANTED AND SHARED Uncensored self expression Believe that creativity is expanded through non rational means Burroughs mistakenly taken as druggie Ginsberg gets interested in eastern religion practices 3rd thing they share is that art and the making of art and being creative somehow it has to challenge or go beyond conventional reality For the beats is about that art making is experimental Gives us different forms of experiences CALLED THE BEATS Thought people they saw on the streets, who are struggling were beat down from main stream society They gave a more truer and honest depiction and representation Kearioic liked the beatitudes San francisco: first place where ginsberg read howl

Assemblage or assemblage west coast art

Pre existing materials Duchamp's ready made is sort of here But it's more of the idea of the surrealists found objects, kurt schwitters mersbau The objects chose them, they didn't choose the objects

Claeus Oldenburg

RAY gun is his alter ego!! Turning into this trixter figure, mock hero Have almost this epic manic of energy where Ray gun would destroy the drawings and work he had made Manic chaotic, screaming, violent behavior I WANT ART THAT DOES SOMETHING THAN SIT ON ITS ASS ON A MUSEUM World Fairs II from ray gun theater 1962 The street 1960 the store 1961 giant soft fan 1966

ROBERT Morris

Robert morris and carol schneeman site 1964 More preformative This is a avant garde theater performance work Morris idea of minimalism "Site specificity" is from this The painting "manet's olympia" is being performed What's happening Morris is wearing a rubber mask that he has made with his own face Comes out and starts to move these props As he moves them she is revealed but does not say anything Show gender roles Robert morris and carol schneeman watermans switch 1965 These stage props become the minimalist objects morris columns 1961 Less concerned about the referential The point of the reference, he wants it to be the human body Morris, box for standing 1961 Relationship between the human body and the object Morris mirrored cubes 1965 Fulfill are criteria Mirror reflects gallery floor itself Complicated figure grown relations What gets reflected when filled with people Legs body parts Almost becomes impossible when trying to see the work The simplest kind of object that generates the most complicated instances MORRIS "NOTES ON SCULPTURE 2 PARTS 1966" 4 KEY points Makes an argument for sculpture Argues and critiques donald judd, they do not leave behind their pictorial origins When judd uses "red" that red is still a color and a symbol and relates tow whole history of painting itself They don't fully exist in viewers space You cannot use color Only bland or glass covered 3D objects on the gallery floor in the center Morris has the most high level complex and engagement of thenomonalgy, part of philosophy, studying how things appear to us How it does just exist in our head Experimental study of appearance French philosopher maurice merleau ponty "World of perception" book Morris Untitled Quarter round mesh 1967 Perceiving it and trying to take perceptual clues Trying to sort of create of what that thing and mass could be If you cannot organize your perception you start to get frustrated Want you to get flustered and ask questions about things we usually don't think or talk about

Romare bearden

Use of photo montage isn't about some ironic stance about commodities Has a different take on this Most famous collage artists of the 20th century 2 ideas Hes noting that in the media and magazines, the depictions of african americans are not always positive ones so he takes the pictures and assembles into a positive one Allows him to show what is happening to those communities, a community that has to respect the differences between us Part of a group of artists called spiral After martin luther king was assassinated He proposed to do a huge montage and they did not like so he did it alone Talking about great migration of african americans to the north Can always find an image of a train in the background, a symbol of change and movement but also links you back to where you came from Your home becomes equal parts of what you remember and what happened He would cut them out and then photo copy them Cant tell if they are coming together or coming undone uses colloges to share how culture is coming togther in pieces The street 1960 Evening 9:10 pm 461 lenox avenue POP ART SLIDE PIC

Shigeko Kubota

Vagina Painting 4 July 1965 At the fluxus festival Attached to crotch of underwear w red paint Danced hopped around canvas to make red marks fluxus Was truly international We also start getting some sharp and poetic femininest critiques Alludes to pollocks practice From klein's nude performance with the three models He sells the body prints This is a performance, the performance is the fluxus event She does not sell what she is painting during her performance

Assemblage

West Coast artists in mid1950s and early 1960s: George Herms, Bruce Conner, Jay De Feo, John Chamberlain. These artists wereclosely affiliated socially and philosophically with the Beats. Base their work on an attention to ordinary and everyday things, street slang, etc. Challenging the distinction between high and low culture. What they shared was an interest in the detritus—the junk, garbage, excess—of contemporary society and an attempt to make art out of it. Interested in the accumulation of materials found in the streets (rejection of consumerism). Kitsch into art. •The finding and the act of assembling the works were thought of as spontaneous. •Spontaneity is a tie to Abstract Expressionism, but they considered the abstract expressionist artists as detached and inward looking, whereas they looked outward, to incorporate elements from the "real" world. •KEY: The idea of turning junk into art is a different kind of statement than Duchamp's readymade strategy. The discarded objects are associated with discarded lives (outcast, forgotten). There is a bodily projection onto these junk materials: they stand-in for the body. •Also, political position in postwar society of affluence and consumerism where you are your things, consumerism equated with happiness, therefore, they focused on what is being thrown-away, foregrounds our built-in culture of obsolescence (note the newspaper clippings: "yesterday's news").

Donald Judd

Why is there no title Trying to produce a meaning and language itself Doesnt want the titles and language of them to be representational or suggestive to viewers You have nothing to rely on except engaging with the object in front of you Degrees in philosophy and art history Preference for art that had simple, clear, bright colors Makes objects and writes alot Writes one of the most important essays in sculptures:SPECIFIC OBJECTS He goes after gestural painting: de kooning, etc Destroys david smith, sculpting in bronze working quickly and intuitive, like pollock but sculpture Despises him KEY OBJECTS OF ESSAY Argues these I want to create an art that is neither painting nor sculpture, but a specific object, combines simple color and simple design Sculptors have to use new materials, plexy glass, etc Argues for the serial, series distribution of the parts MOST FAMOUS PHRASES" ONE THING AFTER ANOTHER..." "...THAT SHOULD DICTATE THE WORKS COMPOSITION" INFLUENCE ARTIST MAKING

Dan flavin

Worked through all different modes 1964 his signature method Presentation of unmodified fluorescent light bulbs Does Not change them for 30 years Instillation view green gallery NYC 1964 Instillation with light bulbs Identical objects Likes how the light and the cast illuminates different parts of the gallery Monument 4 those who have been killed in ambush to PK who reminded me about death Not just about direct perceptual experience Now becomes representational Symbolism now from the color Red The nominal three to william of ockham 1964-9 Untitled to tracy, to celebrate the love of a lifetime 1992 Said he was the hackiest unartistic gesture to do when he did not want beren to do it Hypocrite

yard

allan Kaprow 1961 His yard Kaprow with his son and a pipe standing on top of used tires Critics came to and walked over the used tires as well He took this used space empty lot and fill it with tires Interested in turning real life into art "Between art and life" Call them action colleges He sees it as a Direct extension of POLLOCK'S WORK A FAITHFUL EXTENSION OF POLLOCK USES LANGUAGE THAT WAS USED IN POLLOCK 1958 wrote essay "LEGACY OF JACKSON POLLOCK" 2 years after pollock's death Argues that p's radical innovations are already beckoning apart of textbooks Really pollock leaves us with the question of what to do now One to continue in this fame Other is to give up painting entirely Keep painting and like pollock or give up painting entirely He chooses to ABANDON PAINTING " YOUNG ARTIST OF TODAY NO LONGER NEED TO SAY I'M A PAINTER, POET, DANCER, WE ARE ALL SIMPLY ARTISTS, WE WILL DISCOVER OUT OF ORDINARY THINGS, AND NOT TRY TO MAKE THEM EXTRAORDINARY" - Shared ground is the very concept of art - A THING TO AN ACTION - WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU ENCOUNTER ARTWORK, WHAT DOES IT DO TO YOU OR ASK OF YOU, WHAT KIND OF CHANGE OR BECOMINGS DOES IT TRY TO GET YOU CAUGHT UP IN

Robert morris installation view,

green gallery nyc 1964 6 things minimalism is about - primarily sculpture Single or repeated geometric forms - Most of it is industrially produced or built by skilled workers following the artists instructions Want to remove any trace of emotion, nothing intuitive is there for artistic practice for them - It does not allude to anything beyond its literal presence in the physical world This is why, the materials are just materials, non referential Does not symbolize or represent anything Symplicity of shape does not necessarily relate to symplicity of experience - Reject the whole sculptural tradition, of putting the sculpture on a pedestal or wall niche Place work directly on floor, walls, corners Becomes installation art Makes us pay attention to the space Move us from perception of objects to perception of space ??? get 5 and 6