Core History US Colonization: Pre and Post

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

Conquistadores

Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory.

Cherokee Native Americans

A collection of tribes with common cultural elements. Lived in the southeastern United States but were a widely dispersed population. Relied on agriculture, hunting and gathering.

Mohican Native Americans

A confederacy of five tribes along the Hudson River. Lived primarily on agriculture, but also some hunting and gathering. Lived in longhouses.

Iroquois Confederacy / Iroquois League

A confederacy of six different tribes that were the most powerful native group in the northeast *Served as an early model of representative government. The tribes and clans from across the five nations that comprised them would send representatives to a Grand Council which then made decisions and determinations for the nations as a whole - Expanded tribes through war and conquest Era: - Around 1722 Location: - Originally in upstate New York. Eventually, all of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada Economy: - Horticulture and hunting and gathering. Expanded territory through war and conquest Significance: - Expanded tribes by war and conquest. Most powerful natives in Northeast. Kidnapped young men, women and children and raised as their own - Lived in longhouse and wigwams

Northwest Passage

A hypothesized water route from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean. It would have facilitated trade with Asia, but one was never found. Eventually, the Panama Canal would connect these oceans in Central America.

Olmec civilization

An early civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico around 1200 B.C.E.

Which of the following tribes were located in North America? Select all answers that apply.

Iroquois Mohicans Cherokee

Hopi Native Americans

Lived in villages called pueblos in northeastern Arizona. Relied on agriculture. Were known as peaceful people.

Mercantilism

The economic idea that a country needs to amass wealth through more exporting than importing and measures wealth by the amount of gold that a nation possesses. The British thought that colonies should provide raw goods for cheap to them (cotton) and pay for manufactured goods from them (textiles).

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Olmec

The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., these people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction.

New Amsterdam

The most diverse colony which was a Dutch settlement on the southern tip of Manhattan Island.

Toltec

a member of an American Indian people that flourished in Mexico before the Aztecs. A civilization known for skill in metal work and pottery.

The Columbian Exchange resulted in:

an increase in dietary choices in both Europe and the Americas.

The settlers of Jamestown Colony came to the New World seeking ______, while those who came later and settled at Plymouth were in search of ______.

economic prosperity; religious freedom

Region Eastern Woodlands

first natives to encounter Europeans, impacted by geography : Fertile wooded lands with rivers and streams, Impact : Inland farming or coastal farming, Fishing, Early contact with Europeans, Key Tribes: Iroquoian speakers (ex: Iroquois) and Algonquian speakers (ex: Pequo

Magellan's circumnavigation of the earth in 1521 was undertaken in order to finally put to rest what theory?

flat earth

Which of the following was not a result of Spain's early exploration of the Americas

identification of more efficient trade routes to Asia

Toltec Civilization

known for skill in metal work and pottery

Mayan Civilization

known for stair-step temples and detailed carvings; had advanced writing and mathematics

The English desire for colonies in the Americas was directly influenced by:

mercantilism and the creation of joint-stock companies.

Which of the following led directly to the relocation of large numbers of Africans to the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries?

slavery

The Columbian Exchange best refers to:

the trade routes established between Europe and the "New World" discovered by Columbus.

Teotihuacán

A civilization known for pyramids, temples and roads.

Prior to European contact, Native Americans along the eastern seaboard lived in what type of settlement?

settled tribal communities

Mayan Native Americans

A civilization known for its advancement in mathematics and writing. Built pyramids.

Mesoamerica

A region in the Americas extending from central Mexico through parts of Central America prior to Spanish exploration.

Spanish Armada

Defeated by the English Navy led by Sir Francis Drake; established England as the leading European naval power

Who invested in the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492?

Ferdinand and Isabella

Which of the following hunted and trapped beaver in the lucrative fur trade in North America?

French

Jacques Cartier (1534)

French explorer who was the first to search for a water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)

Italian explorer who searched for alternate routes to India by traveling west across the Atlantic on four different trips.

Region: Great Basin

Key Geography: Flat, rocky soil, desert climate Impact: Nomadic hunters and gatherers Tribes: Shoshone and Ute

Region: Southwest

Key Geography: Hot and dry desert Impact : Primarily farmers, Tiered homes made out of adobe bricks or nomadic with temporary mud homes Tribe: Hopi, Apache, and Navajo

Region Southeast

Key Geography: Humid and fertile Impact: Agriculture and small permanent villages, Mound building (evidence of indigenous cultures practicing in region) Key tribes: Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Choctaws, and Chickasaws

Region: Great Plains

Key Geography: Wide-open fertile grassland Impact: Settled farmers, Once horses arrived, became more nomadic using teepees Tribes: Sioux, Pawnee, and Cheyennes

Region Arctic

Key geography: Cold, harsh environment Impact: hunted caribou and sea animal through ice Tribes: Inuit and Aleut

Region Plateau

Key geography: Mountainous, surrounded by 4 other regions Impact: Expansive trade network, Borrowed innovations from surrounding regions, Resided in permanent villages in winter, Hunted and gathered during remainder of year, Became more nomadic with adoption of horses Tribes: Yakima and Nez Perce

Region Northwest Coast

Key geography: Ocean, coastal forests Impact: Resided in permanent villages in winter, Hunted and gathered during remainder Tribes: Chinook

Region California

Key geography: Variety of microenvironments such as coasts, rivers, lakes, forests, valleys, deserts, and mountains Impact: Ample sustenance,Sedentary communities, Reached levels of cultural complexity not seen among hunting and gathering cultures Tribes: Pomo and Chumash

Which pairing best describes the purpose for the establishment of that colony?

New Amsterdam - to become a major area of business and trade

Which of the following is thought to be the first Mesoamerican civilization?

Olmec

Salutary Neglect

Parliamentary laws that are not strictly enforced

pre-Columbian

Period of North and South American history before the arrival of the Europeans in the late 15th century.

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.

As Europeans began to colonize North and South America, existing civilizations and empires in those regions were destroyed and pillaged, and their citizens murdered, enslaved, or infected with fatal diseases. One such empire was the Inca in modern-day Peru. Which nation was responsible for the colonization and subsequent destruction of the Inca Empire in 1532?

Spain

Mr. Jones provides the political cartoon seen here to his students to analyze. What conclusion is he aiming for his students to form?

The Europeans spread diseases to the Native Americans while trading for goods.

Which of the following European powers first settled Manhattan, New York?

The Netherlands The Netherlands (sometimes called Holland or the Dutch) purchased the island of Manhattan from the local Indians and established a trading port in 1613. New York was originally called "New Amsterdam."

Which of the following best describes the lifestyle of Native Americans in what would become the Northeastern United States prior to the arrival of European colonizers?

They lived in permanent settlements and farmed regular crops.

Age of Exploration

Time period during the 15th and 16th centuries when Europeans searched for new sources of wealth and for easier trade routes to China and India. Resulted in the discovery of North and South America by the Europeans.

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of the first French explorers of North America?

discover a western sea route to trade with Asia Jacques Cartier: He was sent in 1534, by commission of the French king, to find a western passage to the lucrative markets of Asia

Which of the following was the initial goal of French exploration of North America?

discovering a water passageway to the Pacific

What was the primary effect of early European explorers on North American Native populations?

population decline from new diseases

Which of the following best describes the Hopi tribe?

resided in compact villages called pueblos

One of the long-term effects of the exchange of peoples and ideas during the Age of Exploration was:

the diversification of European cuisines

Teotihuacán civilization

west of the Olmec area, was known for its monumental pyramids, temples, and roads