Counseling exam

When you are dealing w someone who is showing significant signs of weight loss when not dieting, You need to think about:

Anorexia nervosa, bipolar I, bipolar II, cannabis withdrawal, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, stimulant intoxication.

Depression in older adults might be treated by using

Antidepressants and supportive psychotherapy

Erectile disorder might be treated using

Behavior therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal, psychodynamic therapy, psychoeducation and systemic approach

Objective Anxiety

Ego's reaction to real danger.

Counter conditioning

Eliminating the present response to a stimulus by substituting another response.

Jeremy admits that he has always been close to his father and really wants to spend most of his spare time with him. Bowen referred to the degree of emotional attachment to a parent as:

Emotional cutoff Explanation: Emotional cutoff represents that level of unresolved emotional attachment people have to their parents. The level of this cutoff is dependent on the person's level of differentiation.

Following a parents remarriage girls are more likely than boys to experience

Emotional problems

Neuropsychological tests

Performance tests that measure brain functioning, given when brain damage is suspected.

A 24-year-old woman has been depressed and very sad for the last two years. She is always nagging others and complaining that things are not up to her standards. She does not believe anything is wrong with her and refuses to participate in psychotherapy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Competence legal

Person is able to stand trial.

An 11-year-old is constantly bothering the teacher and students by talking out of turn and not sitting still. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

According to Sara, Jacob spends a majority of his time attempting to disrupt and annoy her. This is an example of which goal of misbehavior?

Attention-getting Explanation: Attention-getting is one of the common goals of misbehavior and is characterized by annoying and irritable interactions done in an off and on pattern.

When you are dealing w someone who is experiencing speech difficulties you need to think about:

Autism spectrum disorder, childhood onset fluency disorder, conversion disorder, Delirium, major neurocognitive disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, social communication disorder, specific learning disorder, speech sound disorder.

Schizophrenia

Disturbances in behavior, speech, thinking, perception and emotions that involve psychosis: at least 2 symptoms of schizophrenia for one month required for diagnosis.

Narative family therapist usually

Do not label people but see them as human beings with unique

Which is an REBT therapist most likely to ask a client

Does any evidence exists for the truth of this believe?

Control theory is based on a concept of total behavior based on four concepts like four wheels on a car. The four concepts are:

Doing, thinking, feeling, and physiology Explanation: Our total behavior is represented by doing, thinking, feeling, and our physiology, and these determine our individual direction in life.

Hypothesis

Proposal concerning causal relationship.

defense mechanisms

Protect ego from anxiety (Unconscious)

All information that would identifya an individual including medical records and health information

Protected health information PHI

Bandura acknowledged three internal requirements for self-regulation; he would say that the requirement of self-reaction includes:

Providing self-reinforcement or self-punishment depending upon our standards and our behavior.Bandura believes that behavior stems from a reciprocal influence of external and internal factors. He maintains that the one of the three internal requirements for self-regulation consists of self-reaction. We provide self-reinforcement or self-punishment depending upon our standards and our behavior. Self-reaction illustrates how cognition helps to drive behavior, and why human behavior is not solely a function of our environment.

A supportive function of supervision is

Providing therapist with resources to help them work effectivly from an emotional standpoint

Ego

Psychic structure that handles reality and operates on the reality principle.

Brief psychotic disorder might be treated using

Psycho educational approach and cognitive behavioral therapy

Biopsychosocial approach

Psycho path all a G is caused by biological, psychological and social factors.

Bowen's family system- During the first session, you gather a family history on each member going back to childhood. Bowen family systems therapy evolved from __________ principles.

Psychoanalytic

What theory is this technique association with? Analysis of Resistance and Defenses Interpreting how the patient avoids or manages pain is key to Psychoanalytic Therapy. Pointing out any behaviors the patient uses to resist exploring specific issues or therapy in general (i.e. silence, lateness, deflecting) assist the patient in gaining insight about these issues.

Psychoanalytic Therapy

You ask Jim about his childhood experiences and perceptions. Sullivan's theories have a _______________ base, although he stressed an intense exploration of the client's unique patterns of interacting with others.

Psychodynamic

Object Relation constructs cont

Psychological development as way individuals separate and differentiate from others. Mahler identified 4 stages of development. 1. Normal infantile autism-infant responds to physiological tension rather than psychological. 2.Symbiosis- 3-6 months where infant views mother as partner while expecting high degree of emotional attunement. 3 separation/ individuation-7th month- child begins to separate from others but turns to them for comfort. 4 Move to constancy of self and object - in force by 24th month.

Antisocial personality disorder

Psychopathy or sociopathy, disregard for the rights of others, tendency to be aggressive, dishonest, impulsive, irresponsible and unlawful.

Freud believed the primary driving force in an individual's life was: Psychosexual development The superego Bodily functions Sexual urge

Psychosexual development Explanation: Personality characteristics are determined by the way in which a person learns to resolve unconscious conflicts amongst the Id, Ego & Superego. This evolves from how people handle several psychosexual stages during childhood.

Murray Bowen believed that the lack of differentiation was the source of all family dysfunction. He came to this conclusion through the study of _____ families at the National Institute of Mental Health.

Psychotic

Tina explains that eating "what she wants" gives her a sense of freedom. Lewin held that behavior is goal oriented and __________.

Purposeful. Lewin held that behavior is based on motives that are purposeful in nature. Motives for behavior are goal oriented in nature.

Jerry shares that the group has become so much closer as a group once they felt like they weren't totally at fault for their behavior. Within groupthink situations, the group will _______ members _________.

Put pressure on, to conform. Explanation: The group will often put pressure on members to conform when groupthink is present.

A 16-year-old is caught setting his friend's parents' house on fire. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Pyromania

Biological ideology of sexual disorders

Medications and drugs/alcohol, chronic illness

What is not a concept of existential therapy

Miany defined techniques are employed

Delayed ejaculation might be treated using

Analytically oriented psychotherapy and behavioral therapy

Autonomy

And individuals power to make his or her own decisions and choices

A 16-year-old on the dance team is 5' 6" and 87 pounds and was referred to you by a doctor. She believes she is still too overweight. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Anorexia Nervosa

When you are dealing with someone who is binge eating you need to think about

Anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder, borderline personality disorder, bulimia nervosa.

The personalization/Derealization disorder might be treated using

Anti-anxiety agents,cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy

Schizo affective disorder might be treated using

Antidepressants, anti-Mannix, antipsychotic agents when called for, cognitive behavioral therapy, electro convulsive therapy, family therapy, hospitalization, cycle education.

Persistent depressive disorder might be treated using

Antidepressants, cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal, psychodynamic therapy.

Schizophreniform Disorder might be treated using

Antipsychotics, family therapy, group, hospitalization, psychoeducation, psychotherapy.

when you are dealing w someone who shows signs of impaired judgment, you need to think about

Antisocial personality disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, borderline personality disorder, brief psychotic disorder, conduct disorder, delirium, delusional disorder, intellectual disability, major or minor neurocognitive disorder, paranoid personality disorder.

When you are dealing w someone who is indifferent to the feelings of others you need to think about:

Antisocial personality disorder, autism spectrum disorder, conduct disorder, Narcissistic personality disorder, Gambling disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder.

when you are dealing w someone who is showing signs of interpersonal exploitativness, you need to think about:

Antisocial personality disorder,borderline personality disorder, conduct disorder, factitious disorder, Narcissistic personality disorder.

You surmise as the interpersonal theory therapist that the cause of a client's unawareness is:

Anxiety Explanation: When confrontation outside of awareness meets the individual, anxiety and other emotional discomfort arise and inhibit any learning opportunity.

Key concepts in Sullivan's theory are interpersonal relations and:

Anxiety is always ever-present.

When working with families who had a member with Schizophrenia, Bowen observed this type of pathological attachment:

Anxious attachment Bowen worked for the National Institute of Mental Health in the 1950s. During this time, he worked on a project in which families who had a member with schizophrenia were hospitalized for research. Through observation, he discovered a pathologically intense emotional bond between these mothers and their children. This unhealthy need for closeness was mainly driven by anxiety and is known as anxious attachment.

Couples therapy

Any couple in a relationship usually involves conflict resolution and communication skills

What is the second part of a record an auditor reviewing a therapist documentation

Any service notes that the therapist recorded for each of the clients therapy sessions

JUNGIAN THERAPY techniques

1. Analysis of transference - four stages are addressed: a. The client's personal history projections onto the therapist b. The client differentiates his/or her own unconscious from the collective c. The therapist's reality is differentiated from the superimposed images d. The achievement of greater knowledge and insight within the self having worked through the transference and into an authentic relationship with the therapist

Gazda recognizes three types of groups:

1. Guidance - primarily for prevention of problems facing high-risk populations, guidance groups focus on improvement of life skills and overall direction of members. 2. Counseling - for secondary prevention and/or correction, these groups include encounter, sensitivity and organizational development groups. 3. Psychotherapy - psychotherapy groups are tertiary prevention groups with the purpose of reeducating, rehabilitating, and generally bringing members to healthy function.

General Systems theory- Principles and concepts cont-

1st order change : transformation happening inside the family system but having no effect on family itself-unchanged. 2nd order change: change that effect the structure of the family system. Non-summativity-family system can be treated as a unit- not just as individual members.

What minimum age is suggested prior to diagnosis of pica

2

Object Relation therapy theoretical constructs

3 fundemental effects that exist between person and another. attachment, frustration, and rejection. Motivation occurs as a desire to fulfill unmet needs. Desire for intimacy is innate. Intimacy related to well-being. Primary desire for people to reach beyond dependancy to autonomous stages of adulthood. Dysfunction occurs out of immature attempts to resolve early trauma. Failure to separate from childhood dependency leads to psychopathologic dysfunction. People tend to search for relationships that match patterns of earlier experiences.

Addiction counseling self addiction scale (ACSAS)

32 item scale which assess aspects of addiction for working with clients in the areas of: 1. specific addiction counseling skills, 2. assesment, treatment planning, and referral skills, 3. co-occuring disorder skills, 4. group counseling skills and 5. basic counseling skills.

gambling disorder

4 or more symptoms present in a 12 month period. Symptoms: persistent, recurrent, maladaptive gambling behavior indicated by 4 or more of the following: Preoccupation with gambling, need to increase amount of gambling for same effect., unsuccessful efforts to control gambling behavior, restlessness/ irritability when attempting to control , unsuccessful efforts to curtail or stop gambling, gambles in order to

How many stages are in kholberg moral development theory

6

Helping others to avoid unacceptable personal feelings

Altruism

BIPOLAR DISORDER

Bipolar Disorder is characterized by moderate or severe depression that alternates with very high levels of happiness and physical activity most of the time. Mania that is sometimes severe enough to compromise functioning is required for Bipolar I Disorder. Approximately 90% of patients have periods of depression. A manic episode usually develops over several days, and 20% of individuals in a manic state have hallucinations and/or delusions. Severe mania may be indistinguishable from organic delirium. A person with this disorder usually has a difficult time concentrating, needs very little sleep, and may have inflated self-esteem. Often people with this disorder have also had at least one major depressive episode. The first manic episode usually occurs before age 30. It usually occurs quickly and resolves in two to four months. One or more periods of depression have usually already occurred. Suicide is a major risk during depressive episodes. Legal difficulties or substance use are major risks during manic episodes. Bipolar II Disorder occurs when a patient has a major depressive episode and also experiences a hypomanic episode (usually around the time of the depression) but never develops a full manic episode. Approximately 5 to 10% of first degree relatives with Bipolar Disorder develop the illness. Bipolar Disorder is considered a genetic disorder due to 70% concordance for identical twins. There is some evidence to suggest an abnormality on chromosome 11, but this is not clear at this time. Theoretical approaches used with this disorder are psychoeducation and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The treatment of Bipolar Disorder deals with the acute manic and acute depressive episodes as well as the prevention of manic and depressive recurrence. It seems that discussing the diagnosis and including the patient in his/or her own treatment is effective. The patient should keep a chart of sleeping patterns and mood patterns. You will need to conduct an assessment, including a thorough clinical history and psychosocial, as well as address any safety issues. A psychiatrist should be involved in the client's treatment and may prescribe Lithium to relieve his/or her immediate symptoms. If mania is present, then the patient may need to be hospitalized to ensure personal safety. A referral to a physician is a good idea to rule out any possible general medical condition that may pre-exist (obtain a release). Neuroleptic medication in small doses may help hypomanic episodes. Larger doses may be needed to treat mania. Meet the patient in a quite place with minimal stimulation. Firm limits may be needed to prevent acting out or self-destructive behaviors. Finally, explain the diagnosis and treatment suggestions to the patient. Make sure you are supportive yet firm regarding dangerous behaviors. You may be able to reduce some of the patient's immediate symptoms by acting in a non-judgmental and genuine manner. Find out what type of support the patient has and elicit community resources. Family therapy may be helpful to educate and allay the fears of family members. They are an important resource and should be utilized if possible.

Formal civil commitment

By court order, can be requested by any citizen

Body dysmorphic disorder might be treated using:

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Brief psychotic disorder

Delusions, hallucinations last less than one month

A hypo manic episode lasts for at least

Four days

Avolition

Inability or unwillingness to begin and maintain activities

Dyspareunia

Pain during intercourse: rare in men: Medical reason for pain must be ruled out.

Alogia

Speech deficit.

Delusional disorder

Delusions are present but outside of the delusions, there is no significant impairment in functioning.

After setting goals what does an Alderian therapist focused on providing for a client?

Encouragement

Rubbing against a Nother for sexual gratification in a public place describes

Frotteuristic disorder

Fixation

Frued: stuck at a stage of development.

According to REBT, there is no reason why others must treat me fairly. This is a core belief for:

unconditional other-acceptance Unconditional other-acceptance - other people will treat me unfairly from time to time; there is no reason why they must treat me fairly; the people who treat me unfairly are no more worthy and no less worthy than any other human being.

alderian theoretical constructs

unity of personality-people are integrated beings. People create themselves rather than just being a product of childhood experiences. Humans have the ability to interpret and influence events. social urges outweigh sexual urges. Human behavior based on choice, responsibility and striving for success. final fictional goals repress our attempts to adapt and belong in the eyes of others. personality understood as indivisible whole. Basic need to feel secure, accepted and worthwhile.

Strong inventory

used to access vocational interests from adolescents through adult. what occupations match their ideals and lifestyle choices. 291 questions broke into 6 sections. general occupational themes based on hollands 6 risac themes. Basic interest scales, occupational scales, personal style scales, profile summary, response summary.

Enuresis

voiding of urine in inappropriate places.

BF skinner

we are products of our environment

Piaget- assimilation

when a child transfers a schema to a new object. the process of adding new material or information to an existing schema. when information does not fit an existing schema accommodation occurs.

what is self efficacy

when one's self-esteem is based on the achievement of societies standards and standards of one's previous performance. feeling good about what you have been able to accomplish. feeling good about who we are because we have done a good job.

Daryl Bem's self-perception theory

when ones attitudes or feelings about something are vague one makes conclusions about his attitudes based on his behavior. There is no focus or discomfort of mental disagreement but there is focus on external causes of behavior. self perception has a variety of aspects. The individuals own perception of how the appear to others and how he believes others are evaluating that appearance.

Can Emotionally Focused Therapy work with traumatized couples?

yes, emotionally Focused Therapy requires some different interventions for traumatized couples, but can be successful.

It appears instantly apparent that there is great tension between Tim and Tom. The Adlerian family model holds that the family is _________ and each member _________.

: A system; has influence on every other member

Dana shares that her father was very important to her as a nurturing source in her early years. Which of the following is NOT considered one of the fundamental affects that exist between two people, according to object-relations therapy?

: Anger

When members respond outside of group as if group was watching, he/she may _________________.

: Group cohesiveness has far reaching implications. Members that respond as if group were watching their behavior and actions outside of group often internalize those attitudes, standards, and feelings that are present in the group setting.

Bandura suggested several basic treatment approaches. One approach is covert modeling. This would entail having the client:

: Imagine modeling the behavior before attempting it. The treatment approach of covert or cognitive modeling involves modeling by visualization where the therapist has the client imagine modeling the behavior before attempting it. This strategy is most effective when combined with a performance-oriented approach.

Denise admits that since her separation two months ago, her eating habits have "changed for the worse." Field theory holds that behavior depends on the ______ rather than the ________.

: Present field, past or the future. Field theory holds that behavior depends on the present field rather than past or future. This is in contrast with many theories that depict the future and past as prominent cause of current behavior.

Postmodern Therapy What does the term transmuting internalization mean?

: Process by which the self evolves The growth-producing process by which these patients are able to internalize the needed selfobject functions and to acquire the missing self structure is termed transmuting internalization.

Helen looks at Wayne during the first session and proclaims, "We've got big problems." The MRI therapist holds that those who have problems are:

: Stuck, not sick

What are the primary tasks of the "adolescence" stage of the family life cycle?

: for the adolescents to begin becoming autonomous and for the parents to allow room for the adolescents to begin developing independence During the adolescence stage of the family system, adolescents stop wanting to be like their parents and start the process of becoming autonomous and learning to be themselves. Parents who are differentiated and have satisfaction in their own lives, allow room for their adolescents to grow as individuals and take advantage of the freedom and extra time this stage gives back to the couple, now that they do not have to spend so much time in the caring of the children since they are older and can begin to learn to take care of themselves.

A 36-year-old man must check to make sure he has turned off the computer at least 8 times before he retires. He wakes during the night and checks again to make sure the computer is off. What is the most likely diagnosis? Term Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A 36-year-old man must check to make sure he has turned off the computer at least 8 times before he retires. He wakes during the night and checks again to make sure the computer is off. What is the most likely diagnosis? Term Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

What is focused on by an Alderian therapist to ensure a trust and respect for a client?

A clients lifestyle

According to Adler the thearautic relationship is

A collaborative partnership

What is one of the three essential elements for staff notes

A confirmation of services that the client received

In TA summary contracts need to be:

A contract must be measurable, manageable and motivational to be effective.

(Haley and Madanes approach from the strategic family therapy model.) You offer the three family members time to express or report what they each see as the primary problem. Haley believed that people's hardships carry _________ what is being shown.

A deeper meaning than Explanation: Haley held that people's hardships carry a deeper meaning, and thus successful therapy requires the ability to discover appropriate solutions to those problems.

Narcissistic personality disorder

A disorder in which a person has an inflated sense of self importance. A deep need for excessive attention and admiration, troubled relationships, and lack of empathy for others, but behind the mask of extreme confidence Lies fragile self-esteem that's vulnerable to the slightest criticism.

Social pragmatic communication disorder or does not include

A dual diagnosis of intellectual disability is always present

For the first time in session, Jane discloses that she had told Jake two years prior to disclosing the sexual abuse incident to her parents. This may be an example of:

A family secret Explanation: Whitaker believed that interpersonal problems within the family may stem from keeping family secrets, which may in turn lead to family dysfunction.

Sandwich Generation

A generation of men and women who care simultaneously for their children and their parents.

Insanity

A legal term: cannot distinguish between right and wrong or mentally ill.

Conversion disorder

A mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation

Factitious disorder

A mental disorder in which a person ask is if he or she has a physical or mental illness when in fact he or she has consciously created the symptoms these people are willing to undergo painful a risky test to get sympathy or special attention.

Hypomania

A mild form of mania marked by elation and hyperactivity.

What is the time required for a diagnosis of binge eating disorder

A minimum of weekly for three months or more

According to Horney, the ideal self is the type of person he feels that he should be:

A model to assist him in developing his potential. The ideal self is the type of person an individual feels that he should be and is used as a model to assist him in developing his potential and achieving self-actualization

psychological flexibility

A new construct by acceptance and commitment therapy. A behavior analytic treatment involving mindfulness and value interventions. Poor psychological flexibility shown to relate to clinical problems and normative life changes. Increasing psychological flexibility improves psychological difficulties including substance abuse.

Louis shares that soon after the divorce, he began to feel anxiety that he had not felt since college. May held that anxiety is:

A normal part of life and has the ability to promote self-growth

A parenthesis is used in Structural Family Therapy to identify a:

A parenthesis is used in Structural Family Therapy to identify a coalition.

Through discussion with Jenny and Raul, you gather much information about their strengths, family system, and positive and negative behaviors, and a clear idea of the presenting issues. The functional family therapist ultimately creates a systematic and multiphase intervention map for the family known as:

A phase task analysis Explanation: The functional family therapist creates and uses a systematic and multiphase intervention map known as a phase task analysis. This analysis forms the basis for various clinical decisions.

Erica shares something that triggers an event in your life that you are considering sharing with her. You consider that by stepping out of the clinical role, you create

A potential boundary issue with you and Erica

According to Adler aggressive drive is

A reaction to perceived helplessness or inferiority

A positive secure attachment has two important elements. What are they?

A safe haven or significant person as an antidote to fear and a secure base from which to go explore with confidence and then return. The most common example of a positive secure attachment is small children in a new room. Children with secure attachments go explore, return to their mother, and then go out and explore the room some more after being assured everything is OK.

Addiction research center inventory (ARCI)

A self report inventory for assesing the subjective effects of psychoactive drugs. uses private language of users

Addiction severity Index (ASI)

A semi structured interview designed to provide data

Agnosia

A symptom of dementia in which an individual cannot name or recognize objects

Piaget- schema

A system of organized general knowledge stored in long term memory that guides the encoding and retrival of information.

Erica agrees that she is in need of a new perspective on her life and a plan to make the necessary changes. In effect, in transactional analysis terms she is ready for:

A therapeutic contract Explanation: A basic prerequisite for a transactional analysis client is the capacity and willingness to understand, accept, and agree to a therapeutic contract which contains certain objectives he or she will attain.

Jim shares that his anxiety seems to peak when he is mostly by himself. Within the interpersonal theory orientation, anxiety can be seen as ________________ the individual's self-worth.

A warning signal to

Post Trumatic stress disorder it might be treated using

Abreactive therapy, Art therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, Eye movement desensitization, flooding, group, hypnoses, Nuro linguistic programming, pharmacotherapy, psychodynamic therapy, psychoeducation, psychotherapy restructuring EMR, support group, trauma incident reduction therapy.movement ,

Terry explains to the group she did not complete her assignment because she was made to go out of town by her parents. Which of Glasser's eight basic steps of group therapy would apply to this situation?

Accept no excuses. Explanation: One step in Glasser's eight step model for group goals within a reality based group is to accept no excuses. A sense of responsibility must be embraced by each group member.

According to Horney, neurosis is the outcome of:

According to Horney, neurosis is the outcome of basic anxiety, which referred to a "feeling of being isolated and helpless toward a world potentially hostile."

Cal states that he has gained three good friends out of this group. Janis held that the greater the amiability present within the group, the greater the chances that ________ will be replaced by groupthink.

According to Janis, the more amiability among group members, the greater the chance that independent critical thinking will be replaced by groupthink and its' accompanying irrational and prejudice against out-groups.

Classical conditioning

According to Pavlov a behavior is learned when a stimulus is paired with an unconditioned Stimulus to bring about a conditioned response

Jimmy discloses to group that he did not go to school on Friday after commiting to the group he would attend the whole week. Reality based group therapy relies heavily on _______ which allows the group to be ___________.

Accountability, member driven. Explanation: Reality based group therapy relies heavy on accountability and this allows the group process to be member driven because of much of the objective nature of the processing.

You feel it is necessary to obtain the treatment records of Jim, Sandy, and Jane. A therapist should obtain past treatment records to:

Acquire collateral information Explanation: Treatment records may be requested to provide collateral information that will be useful in the current therapy setting. The therapist should assess each client without preconceived notions and using his or her own therapeutic methods.

Behaving in a socially unacceptable way to avoid feelings

Acting Out

REBT Approach to therapy is

Active and directive. That REBT therapist is expected to ask direct questions and educate the client.

You embrace your role of being authentic with the Johnson family. Whitaker believed that the therapist's __________________ is the greatest way to bring about change within the family.

Active and forceful personal involvement Explanation: Whitaker believed that helping people in families to initiate change began with the therapist taking an active and forceful personal involvement.

when you are dealing w someone who is exhibiting avoidant behavior you need to think about:

Acute stress disorder, Agoraphobia, avoidant personality disorder, Delusional disorder, dependent personality disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, persistent depressive disorder.

When you are dealing with someone who has symptoms of anxiety you need to think about

Acute stress disorder, agoraphobia, Anxiety disorder due to another medical condition, avoidant personality disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, borderline personality disorder, delirium, delusional disorder, dependent personality disorder.

When you are dealing with someone who has insomnia you need to think about

Acute stress disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar I I disorder, circadian rhythm sleep wake disorder's, cyclothymic disorder, delirium, generalized anxiety disorder, other specified insomnia disorder, persist depressive disorder, unspecified insomnia disorder.

when you are dealing w someone who shows signs of apathy, you need to think about:

Acute stress disorder, bipolar I, Bipolar II, cyclothymic disorder, Delirium, Major depressive disorder, major or mild frontotemporal cognitive disorder, Persistent depressive disorder, personality change due to another medical condition, post traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, substance intoxication/withdrawal.

In behavioral therapy, treatment outcomes are evaluated in terms of three characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of those characteristics: Maintenance over time Adaptation to behavioral change Initial induction of behavior change Generalization to the real life setting

Adaptation to behavioral change

What does the alderian therapist hope a client will achieve after sessions?

Adding a contribution to society

Hal boasts to you that the group discussed rules and the norms in detail when the group was first established. Janis found that groupthink groups usually __________ group norms.

Adhered to. Explanation: Janis found that groups involved in groupthink often adhered to group norms and pressures toward uniformity even when decisions generated unintended consequences.

A 13-year-old was forced to move to another state three months ago with her family. Soon after the move, she started feeling sad and depressed. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Adjustment Disorder

When you were dealing with someone who has panic attacks you need to think about

Adjustment disorder with anxiety, anxiety disorder due to another medical condition, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder.

When you are dealing with someone who has panic attacks you need to think about

Adjustment disorder with anxiety, anxiety disorder due to another medical condition, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder.

When you are dealing with someone who is exhibiting suicidal ideation or has attempted suicide you need to think about:

Adjustment disorder, Bipolar Disorder I, Bipolar disorder II, borderline personality disorder, brief psychotic disorder,conduct disorder, delusional disorder, major depressive disorder, Pain disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia.

when you are dealing w someone who is experiencing a sexual dysfunction , you need to think about:

Adjustment disorder, delayed ejaculation, erectile disorder, persistent depressive disorder, female orgasmic disorder, female sexual interest/arousal disorder, genito-pelvic/penetration disorder,male hypoactive sexual desire disorder, premature ejaculation, relational distress with spouse or intimate partner, substance/medication induced sexual dysfunction.

Which theorist would agree that the three major life tasks our friendship, occupation and love?

Adler

What theory is this technique association with? Acting "As If " This is a form of encouraging and motivating clients to be the way they desire to be, "acting as if" the transition has already occurred.

Adlerian Therapy

What theory is this technique association with? Analysis and assessment This technique is about exploration of the family constellation (sociogram of the individuals at home during the client's formative years) and early recollections and is not about interpretations to the client.

Adlerian Therapy

As a transactional analysis therapist, you recognize that Erica, like all other humans, is under influence of three separate and distinct patterns of behavior. Which of these ego states is not considered to be one of them?

Adolescent

What assessment instrument would you use for conduct disorder conducstarter

Adolescent antisocial behavior checklist, child behavior checklist, Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory and adolescent form, children manifest anxiety scale, dyadic parent child interaction coding system, family intake form

In which of the following groups has the operant viewpoint of behavioral therapy NOT been found most useful in changing behavior? Adolescents Young children Institutionalized populations Retarded persons

Adolescents

Rich identifies himself as the group leader and the other seven members nod in approval. Rich explains that he helps to keep the group "moving and on task." Another aspect of groupthink involves a self-appointed leader who protects the group from __________.

Adverse information. Explanation: The groupthink aspect involves a self-appointed leader who serves as a guard who protects the group from perceived adverse information that may affect their shared skewed view on the effectiveness and morality of their decisions and attitudes.

In reviewing his family history, Jerry shares that his parents were separated during his second year of life. According to psychoanalytic theory, this is during the ___________ stage of psychosexual development and is marked by tasks of ______________.

Anal; independence and autonomy Explanation: The anal stage, ages 1-3, represents a step in development where independence, personal power, and autonomy are highlighted in conjunction with how to deal with negative feelings.

Rich identifies himself as the group leader and the other seven members nod in approval. Rich explains that he helps to keep the group "moving and on task." Another aspect of groupthink involves a self-appointed leader who protects the group from __________

Adverse information..The groupthink aspect involves a self-appointed leader who serves as a guard who protects the group from perceived adverse information that may affect their shared skewed view on the effectiveness and morality of their decisions and attitudes.

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

After a traumatic event, symptoms are intrusive memories, avoiding emotional triggers, emotional numbness, and arousal.

autism spectrim disorder

Age 12 - 24 months with some symptoms continuing into adulthood

When a therapist presents a workshop on teen behavior, one of the most important things to point out is that rewards and consequences should be: Pursued only with teenagers Reinforced inconsistently Modeled for younger kids Age-appropriate

Age-appropriate Explanation: You can't reinforce a teenager with cartoons that might work for a six-year-old. As age changes, so do the objects of reinforcement.

when you are dealing w someone who shows signs of depersonalization or derealization symptoms, you need to think about:

Agoraphobia, borderline personality disorder, depersonalization or derealization disorder, dissociative identity disorder, hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, other hallucinogen intoxication, panic disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder.

When you are dealing w someone who is exhibiting aggressive behavior you need to think about:

Alcohol intoxication, Cannabis withdrawal, Inhalant intoxication, personality change due to another medical condition, phencyclidine intoxication, post traumatic stress disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic intoxication.

The Hals have been coming for family counseling for six months now, and communication and progress has been positive. Which of the following is NOT considered one of Bowen's criteria for optimal development of families?

All members are following rules

Don admits that he feels like a failure and holds himself totally responsible for his wife's passing. According to Beck, this is a thinking distortion known as:

All-or-nothing thinking Explanation: All-or-nothing thinking is a way of seeing things in black and white where if one falls short in any way, he or she sees himself or herself as a total failure.

Wayne concurs that he and Helen do not talk much together. A basic belief within the MRI model is that people are:

Always communicating

An MRI therapist who is working with a family that has a specific problem will ask the family:

An MRI therapist who is working with a family that has a specific problem will usually ask the family how have they tried to solve the problem in the past.

Dana elaborates on her "take" on the issues of her previous marriages during the third session. Typically the object-relations therapist assumes:

An active role Explanation: The object-relations therapist typically assumes an active role in the therapy process with the client through an identifying and resolving process.

Dependent personality disorder

An anxious personality disorder characterized by an inability to be alone. People with DPD develop symptoms of anxiety when they're not around others they rely on people for comfort, reassurance, advice and support.

You listen carefully and explore Louis's description of his anxiety symptoms. Misdiagnosing a client is:

An ethical problem with potential to harm the client and the therapeutic relationship Explanation: Misdiagnosis is an ethical issue that has potential to harm the client and the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client.

Harriet is experiencing feelings of loneliness and helplessness at this juncture in her life. Throughout the counseling process, you see yourself as: (person centered)

An instrument of change by being real on an experiential basis

(Bertalanffy's general systems theory). Ella admits that she felt a little defensive when she heard that Timmy is purposely ignoring Jeffrey and she may have carried this into heated verbal exchanges with James. The premise of events being related through a series of interacting cycles is referred to by Bertalanffy as:

An interacting loop Explanation: Bertalanffy referred to an interacting loop as the idea of events being related within a system of repeating cycles and interacting loops. In an interacting loop, each element is affected by what happens to the other elements.

You have decided that Raul's grandparents should be present for several sessions. The functional family therapy program recognizes assessment as:

An ongoing process Explanation: Functional family therapy assessment is an ongoing process through each phase of the intervention model. Assessment is also a multifaceted and multidimensional process.

Though Vicki has always liked being in the public eye to a degree, there are aspects of it she admits to despising. ____________ is anything that can evoke a response without prior learning or conditioning.

An unconditioned stimulus

For a behavior to become a conditioned response like Vicki's smoking habit:

An unconditioned stimulus produces an unconditioned response, which is presented together with a conditioned stimulus. A conditioned response is produced when an unconditioned stimulus (e.g., food) that produces an unconditioned response (e.g., salivation) is then presented with a conditioned stimulus (e.g., bell) such that the salivation (the unconditioned response) is eventually produced by the presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone.

The complementary demands and expectations of family members regulate the family structure. Previous Question Next Question

An unprotected generational boundary In Structural family therapy, allowing a child to interrupt her parents' conversations on an ongoing basis is an example of an unprotected generational boundary.

The neobehavioristic stimulus-response approach to behavioral therapy derives from pioneering contributions of Wolpe and Eysenck and is an attempt to: Apply behavioral theories to mental and handicapped patients Apply S-P learning theories to the treatment of the mentally ill Apply the S-R learning theories to the treatment of clinical problems Apply psychoanalytical theories to the treatment of clinical problems Previous Submit Answer

Apply the S-R learning theories to the treatment of clinical problems

Relative influence questions

Are asked by narrative therapist to explore the extent to which the problem has dominated the client versus how much he or she has been able to control it.

Dana believes that she was left with her grandmother for a year because she was "too difficult a child" for her mother. Object representations ______________ childhood experiences.

Are based on perceptions of Explanation: The object representations of the person do not always reflect actual childhood experiences. Rather, these are based on the perceptions of what happened versus what actually did occur.

It is important to listen to Jim, Sandy, Jake, Jane, and Matt as individuals and to believe that each has his or her right to be himself or herself and that the family should be treated: (Whitaker)

As a whole Explanation: Whitaker contends that the family should not be treated as discrete individuals, but rather as family as a whole.

According to Ella, the initial incident took place after Timmy hit Jeffrey in response to Jeffery teasing him about receiving an F in math. Bertalanffy contended that the system is only as strong:

As its weakest part

(person centered) During the initial discussion with Harriet, you let her know that you subscribe to _________, which are the highest standards you can wish to achieve.

Aspirational ethics

What type of behavioral training helps clients to be empowered to initiate and carry out desired choices and behaviors? Assertion Desensitization Modeling Aggression

Assertion

During the third session, Barbara states that sometimes she feels like dying. When a client presents with any suicidal ideation, the therapist should always ___________.

Assess intent of statement, what means they are thinking, and if they have a plan. Explanation: The therapist's responsibility is to always assess client's suicidal ideation by measuring their intent, access to a means, and a plan to make it happen.

Jim admits to feeling suicidal after his wife's death, though he made no attempt. When clients present with active suicidal ideation, the therapist should:

Assess intent, means, and plan Explanation: When a client presents with suicidal ideation, the therapist should assess the intent, the means by which client is thinking, and the plan for the attempt.

Carol shares that she has had an excellent week in part of because of having two job interviews and receiving calls from her sisters showing emotional support. Schlossberg identified ______________ as that balance between recent positive and negative perceived experiences that affect sense of well being of the individual.

Assets and Liabilities. The balance between recent positive and negative affective experiences and its influence on the sense of the well-being of the individual is known as Assets and Liabilities to Schlossberg.

As a contract is being formed between you and Erica, there is an agreement of joint responsibility. Which of these implications is NOT present within this agreement?

Assignments will be completed at times agreed upon by both the client and the therapist

According to Clark, he did have wonderful kindergarten and first grade experiences. The Piaget-named process by which Clark added new information to his existing clusters of thoughts and patterns is known as:

Assimilation

General Systems theory-counseling process

Assist client in identify past conflicts that are impinging on current situations. Identify and move through current defense mechanisms being utilized by members of the system. No fault or blame on individual for the existing problem in the family. Therapeutic change is a process. self reflectivity: allow members to examine thier own systems and make adjustments.

During the first session, the family agrees to come to therapy once a week. According to Adler, change happens:

At home, not in the therapy session Explanation: Adlerian theory holds that real change happens at home, not in the therapy session. The key to change is that it goes everywhere.

Manic Episode

At least 1 week, symptoms may include hyperactivity, flight of ideas, elevated mood, inflated self esteem, decreased need for sleep.

Major Depressive Disorder

At least 2 weeks and at least 4 symptoms: symptoms are feelings of worthlessness, Inability to feel pleasure, impaired functioning, children may be irritable.

What theory is considered the most important building block or corner stone of Emotionally Focused Therapy?

Attachment theory. Bowlby's theory of attachment is the corner stone of emotionally focused therapy. In short, those not securely attached in childhood have difficulty with relationships and emotions as adults.

During your first session, Bill asks you to share what your responsibilities are as the therapist for the group. Regarding ethics, clients should be assured that all of the following are true with the exception that the therapist _________________.

Attends church regularly. Explanation: It is important that clients are assured that their therapist has proper training and education regarding both skills and ethics.

During your first session, Bill asks you to share what your responsibilities are as the therapist for the group. Regarding ethics, clients should be assured that all of the following are true with the exception that the therapist _________________

Attends church regularly. It is important that clients are assured that their therapist has proper training and education regarding both skills and ethics.

Histronic Personality disorder

Attention seeking , excessive emotionality, easily influenced: may be inappropriately sexual and vague in speech.

According to Adler what are the four selfish goals for attaining superiority?

Attention seeking, power seeking, revenge taking and declaring deficencyor defeat

What assessment instrument would you use for autism spectrum disorder

Autistic continuuim, adolescent behavior checklist, autism screening instrument for educational planning, behavior rating instrument for autistic and other a typical children, behavioral observation system, behavioral summarize evaluation, childhood autism rating scale, early childhood inventory 4, Evaluating acquired skills and communication, infant behavioral summarize evaluation

What assessment instrument would you use for dissociative amnesia

Autobiographical memory interview, dissociative experience scale, Julia far services posttraumatic scale, Malingering probability scale, measure and post Trumatic stress disorder,

An individuals power to make his or her own decisions and choices

Autonomy

Clark appears to be lacking confidence for his age in certain areas. What principle is known for promoting the client's self-determination and independence?

Autonomy

Kleptomania might be treated using

Aversive conditioning, behavioral therapy, family therapy, psychodynamic therapy or supportive psychotherapy.

A woman cannot relax and is afraid all the time. She is fearful that people will not like her so she has no friends. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Avoidant Personality Disorder

The use of environmental planning has been helpful in self-control therapy. This includes:

Avoiding some of the cues that lead to habit behavior. The use of environmental planning in self-control therapy involves having the client take the information learned from his behavioral charts and diaries to begin to change his environment. The client can remove or avoid some of the cues that lead to his habit behaviors.

What assessment instrument would you use for bipolar disorder

Barratt impulsiveness scale, Counselor rating form, Friedman well-being scale, schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia, general behavior inventory, mood disorder questionnaire, the young mania rating scale, the Bech Rafelson mania rating scale, Altman self rating mania scale, self rating mania inventory

You are observing a young girl on the playground who is aggressive with objects. In order to best serve the needs of the school, you begin observing her at the same time each day and charting her behavior. That chart provides a very important piece of behavioral therapy known as a: Change ratio Future plot Reciprocity factor Baseline

Baseline Explanation: Without a baseline, measuring improvement over time becomes very difficult. A baseline also identifies which behaviors are most important to target.

You receive a gut level response regarding Lee as she shares during the second session. As a therapist, when receiving an intuitive hunch to an ethical dilemma, one should ____________.

Be considered and evaluated but not immediately acted upon. Therapists should move beyond intuitive level to a more evaluative and critical level to determine what is the proper steps for resolving a potential ethical dilemma.

Cal expresses during the fourth session that he thought he was doing Kelly a favor by his insistence on her not going back to work. Men are socialized to

Be task focused Explanation: Socialized gender differences play a vital role in feminist family therapy. In our society, men are socialized to be task focused.

Systemic Family Therapy. Which, according to the Milan family therapy approach, is NOT a condition necessary for change?

Before the family can think differently, they must act differently

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Behavior deficiencies, including speech deficits, flat affect, motivational deficits.

Gambling disorder might be treated using

Behavior therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, group therapy, psychodynamic therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy and reality therapy.

Helen admits that she has not changed much in her approach to Wayne's distant nature over the years. The foundations of MRI model of therapy are ____________ in its goals.

Behavioral Explanation: The foundations of the MRI model of therapy are behavioral in nature, with a primary priority of altering the behavioral reactions of the individual in response to problems

What theory is this technique association with? Activity Scheduling This is useful in the treatment of depression. Activity Scheduling is done with a chart using short word descriptions (one to three words), according to a hierarchy of easiest to hardest, including both necessary and enjoyable tasks. The client is to follow the planned activities and document any activities that were not pre-planned each week, rating the activities according to level of pleasure, until the client has resumed his/or her normal schedule.

Behavioral Therapy

What theory is this technique association with? Assertiveness and Social Skills Training This involves the teaching of specific skills and tools to enable the client to act and interact with greater success. The mechanism for this is often modeling, role-playing, and behavioral rehearsal. Term Behavioral Therapy

Behavioral Therapy

Following a parents remarriage boys are more likely than girls to experience

Behavioral problems

Circadian rhythm sleep wake this order might be treated using

Behavioral therapy

Pavlovian behavioral therapy holds that each environment provides two situations for an individual to determine behavior:

Behavioral therapy is characterized by a premise that the environment provides two different types of situations for an individual to determine behavior: positive or negative. Further, learning occurs when there is either negative or positive reinforcement.

Conversion disorder might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, bio feedback, environmental intervention, hypnosis, Physical therapy, speech therapy and supportive therapy.

Generalized anxiety disorder might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacologic treatment.

Paraphilia's might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, covert sensitization , Group therapy, modified version behavior, psychodynamic therapy, psychoeducation, role-play.

Obsessive compulsive disorder might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, pharmacological treatment, psychodynamic therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, response prevention.

Learning disorders might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, parent training program, play therapy, psychodynamic therapy or reality therapy.

Pyromania might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, psychodynamic therapy.

Social phobia might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, group, psychodynamic therapy.

Panic disorder might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacologic treatment, psychodynamic therapy, psychoeducation

Somatic symptom disorder might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy.

Genital pelvic pain/penetration disorder might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy or psychodynamic therapy

Premature ejaculation might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, educational approach, psychodynamic therapy, squeeze technique.

Specific phobia might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, psycho educational approach.

Trichotillomania Might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, supportive therapy.

Paranoid personality disorder might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy.

Transvestic disorder might be treated using

Behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy.

When Kohlberg first introduced his theory what discipline dominated western psychology?

Behaviorist

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Behaviors such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech.

Delusions

Beliefs that are psychotic, including delusions of grandeur and persecution.

Glasser identified four psychological needs humans possess for survival, and as a reality-based therapist, you take inventory of where Sandy stands on these needs. They include:

Belonging, freedom, fun, and power

Ben is 17 and diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. He has always had difficulty with certain textures and temperatures, but over the past couple of years, he has lost a significant amount of weight. Three months ago, he required hospitalization for malnutrition and received a nasogastric tube for feeding to stabilize his health. Since that time, Ben is on special nutritional supplements, but his aversion to more and more foods makes it difficult to maintain even a minimal weight. Ben's presentation is consistent with:

Ben's condition involves his inability to tolerate food, resulting in severe restriction in food. It is beyond issues associated with Autism Spectrum and requires specific intervention, making his diagnosis Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.

General Systems theory- Principles and concepts

Bertanlanffy-focus on group of organisms working together to accomplish one result. System is only as strong as the weakest link. Whole is greater than sum of parts. Feedback affects permeability of boundaries within the family system. System is organized around relationships. all elements interact with each other in a predictable often organized way. No element can be understood in isolation. All elements are interdependant.

Psychoanalytic applications

Best suited for individual work. Not a functional approach for group work due to intensive intrapsychic nature and time required.

Existential analysis was introduced in the early 1930s by the Swiss psychiatrist:

Binswanger

when you are dealing w someone who is exhibiting a flight of ideas you need to think about:

Bipolar 1 disorder, Bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, substance medication induced bipolar and related disorder.

When you are dealing with someone who has had a hypo maniac episode you need to think about?

Bipolar 1 disorder, bipolar 2 bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition, substance/medication induced bipolar and related disorder

When you are dealing with someone who has had a major depressive episode you need to think about

Bipolar 1 disorder, bipolar 2 disorder, bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition, delusional disorder, major depressive disorder, schizo affective disorder, schizophrenia, substance/medication induced mood disorder

When you are dealing with someone who has hypersomnia you need to think about

Bipolar 1 disorder, bipolar II disorder, delirium, persistent depressive disorder, major depressive disorder.

When you are dealing with someone who has had a manic episode you need to think about

Bipolar 1 disorder, bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition, schizo affective disorder, substance/medication induced bipolar and related disorder.

When you are dealing w someone who is showing impaired abstract thinking, you need to think about:

Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, delirium, Intellectual disability, major neurocognitive disorder, minor neurocognitive disorder,major depressive disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder,schizotypal personality disorder.

When you are dealing w someone who is showing signs of elevated mood/euphoria, you need to think about:

Bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cannabis intoxication, cyclothymic disorder, delirium, inhalant intoxication, opiod intoxication, other or unknown substance intoxication, stimulant intoxication, substance/medication induced bipolar and related disorder.

Becky shares with the family that she doesn't consider herself "bossy" but rather just knows what she likes. Another premise structural family therapy is built upon is:

Client strengths Explanation: Minuchin's structural family therapy model is based on building on the strengths the client brings to the table.

When you are dealing w someone who is showing signs of psycho-motor agitation/restlessness, you need to think about:

Bipolar I, Bipolar II, cyclothymic disorder, delirium, Major depressive disorder, medication induced acute akathisia, other adverse effects of medication, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder.

When you are dealing with someone who shows significant signs of weight gain, you need to think about:

Bipolar I, Bipolar II, major depressive disorder, other adverse effects of medication, persistent depressive disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder.

Which of the following is not part of the family structure?

Birth order The complementary demands and expectations of family members regulate the family structure. Previous Question Next Question

According to rational emotive behavior therapy, ___________ is at the core of emotional disturbances.

Blame Explanation: Rational emotive behavior therapy contends blame is at the core of our disturbances and that it is necessary to stop blaming ourselves if we are to cure ourselves.

A 24-year-old woman believes she is the owner of an unbelievably large and ugly chin and seeks plastic surgery. Not only does she believe she has a huge chin but believes others gawk at her for it. Examination reveals a normal-sized chin that fits her face. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

What assessment instrument would you use for body dysmorphic disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder examination, self report, body attitude scale, body awareness body investment scale, body parts satisfaction scale, questionnaire, body esteem scale, body image avoidance questionnaire

When you are dealing with someone who has a physical complaint but no general medical explanation for that complaint you need to think about

Body dysmorphic disorder, conversion disorder, delusional disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, schizo affective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, separation anxiety disorder.

Object relations therapy principles and concepts cont

Bond and relationship to others if considered focus of personality. Also is refered to self psychology. Mahler studied relationships between mother and child during first 3 years of life. Object relations theory developed from orthodox psychoanalysis.

During a conference, a woman has a one-night affair with a married man from another city. The next week she quits her job, moves to the city where he lives, and shows up at his workplace. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Borderline Personality Disorder

When you are dealing with someone who is engaged in self mutilating behavior if you need to think about

Borderline personality disorder, disassociative identity disorder, factitious disorder, intellectual disability, sexual masochism disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, trichotillomania.

What assessment instrument would you use for borderline personality disorder

Borderline personality inventory, borderline syndrome index, emotional problems scale, million adolescent clinic of inventory, personality advantage questionnaire, personality assessment screener,

Penny has appropriately confronted each member of the family and has asked for honest feedback on herself as well. From a Bowenian standpoint, she appears to be a somewhat differentiated person. Bowen held that differentiation of self includes:

Both an intrapsychic and an interpersonal aspect

As a set of parents presents in your office, you can recognize that they favor one brother over the other. It seems that one of them can do no wrong, while the other is constantly amiss. Existential therapists realize that:

Both boys and their parents' behavior are contributing to the issue. Entire presentations change the system that appears in your office. Members of the system also take cues from how they are reinforced in this area by parents who are telling the story of the problem

It is apparent from his claims that Don thinks about his wife throughout the day, especially when he is in the house. Beck held that cognition involves:

Both content and process

Cal discloses that he really learned that expressing his feelings was okay through a girlfriend in college. Feminist family therapy addresses gender role strain as an issue for:

Both women and men

A woman has, over the last week, started to exhibit odd, dramatic behavior and claims she hears the "voice of her father" (who has just died that week) inside her head speaking to her. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Brief Psychotic Disorder

When you are dealing w someone who is showing signs of disorganized speech/ incoherence you need to think about:

Brief psychotic disorder, Delirium, Language disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder.

When you are dealing with someone who was catatonic you need to think about

Brief psychotic disorder, catanonia associated with a Nother medical disorder, Medication induced acute dystonia, neuroleptic induced parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia.

when you are dealing w someone who is experiencing delusions you need to think of:

Brief psychotic disorder, delirium, Delusional disorder, psychotic disorder due to another medical condition, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schhizophreniform disorder, other specified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.

when you are dealing w someone who is experiencing hallucinations you need to think about:

Brief psychotic disorder, delirium, Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, psychotic disorder due to another medical condition, schhizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder.

When you are dealing w someone who is showing signs of grandiosity, You need to think of:

Brief psychotic disorder, delirium, delusional disorder, Bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, Narcissistic personality disorder, substance/medication induced bipolar and related disorder.

When you are dealing with someone who shows signs of grossly disorganized behavior , you need to think about:

Brief psychotic disorder, delirium, major neurocognitive disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder.

You experience a form of transference with Tom during a session. In regards to transference issues, the therapist should generally:

Bring this to the attention of the client Explanation: As transference is a common dynamic within the therapeutic setting, most theories hold that generally speaking, transference should be brought to the attention of the client.

A 28-year-old woman having dental problems came to therapy. She indicates that she throws up every time she overeats in order to not gain weight. She is not significantly underweight. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Bulimia Nervosa

When asked, Julie shares her opinion that her dad "checked out" emotionally over a year ago after Grandma moved in, and the tension in the house has increased. Triangulation may let off steam:

But it freezes the conflict Explanation: According to Bowen, while triangulation allows for the member to let off steam and feel better temporarily, it freezes the conflict within the family. It is difficult to deal with the problem at its source while triangulation is occurring.

Collective unconscious

Carl Jung therorized that humanity has an understanding of human history through this.

Etiology

Cause of disorders

As Sandy reports issues within various aspects of her life, you begin to surmise ideas for action. Which of the following is not a function of a reality-based therapist?

Challenge the client's philosophy by assisting him or her in creating a new one that will help him or her to avoid becoming a victim of irrational thinking in the future Explanation: Glasser identified several functions for the therapist to perform, including providing a model for responsible behavior, establishing rapport, focusing on individual strengths, promoting active discussion of the client's current behavior, teaching the client to formulate and carry out plans to change behavior, and helping the client to develop plans to avoid discouragement by finding ways to not give up.

Nathan explains that he has mixed emotions about not going to school. Though he hates it, he does want good grades to eventually go to college. Reality therapy assumes that _________ does not come from _________.

Change, insight alone. Explanation: The reality therapy model holds that change for any group member does not result from insight alone. The goal is help clients to identify what members can do about their own behavior and to understand their limited ability to change the behavior of others.

In group therapy the chase model includes

Charm, honesty, acceptable self disclosure and empathy.

Oedipus complex

Child that is in the phallic stage sexually desires opposite sex parent and fears same sex parent: fear is ameliorated by identification with the same sex parent.

According to TA, the following statement, "I am no good, look how useless I am, I never get anything right" is most likely a statement of the ________ ego state

Child. The Child may then respond with "I am no good, look how useless I am, I never get anything right." Many people hardly hear this kind of internal dialogue as it goes on so much they might just believe life is this way.

Cognitive-behavioral treatment strategies have been applied to a number of: Infant and childhood maladaptive learning skills Childhood and adult eating disorders Infant and adolescent dissociative disorders Childhood and adult disorders

Childhood and adult disorders

Natural environment type of phobia

Childhood onset, the year of natural disasters and the environment.

What was Kohlberg's explanation of morality?

Children were capable of developing their moral judgments on their own

Circular Questioning

Circular questioning draws connections and distinctions between family members or people within the larger client system. For example the behavior of one person is shown by implication to be connected to the behavior of another in a circular manner rather than in the usual linear or casual way that has been the basis of much of our thinking about human problems. instead of asking why someone is depressed, inquiring about when someone shows depression and what other people do when this is happening, is a form of circular questioning.

It was Cal's idea to go to counseling, and he openly believes that he considers he and Kelly equal, as he does other couples in society. Which type of family theory supports the premise that all interactional dyads are equal?

Circularity Explanation: The circularity model of family theory holds that responsibility for interactional dyads is equal. Feminist family theory holds that a therapist that embraces this rule of thought is, in fact, encouraging the unequal distribution of power by ignoring the power differential that is present from the beginning.

Vicki shares that she cannot remember ever feeling the anxiety before that she felt during the cheerleading tryouts. ______________ occurs when a previously neutral stimulus causes a reflex.

Classical conditioning

Vicki explains how she began to find relaxation from smoking during her teens. Pavlov's theory of ___________ conditioning helps to explain this phenomenon.

Classical. Classical conditioning is a common sense experience of learning that can be chained or generalized in terms of behavior.

Penny discloses during the first session that she was actually referred by an individual therapist who assessed that family therapy was a better option for her issues. The therapist did allow ample time for her to make the change. However, under informed consent, if a therapist does not allow sufficient notice before terminating the counseling relationship, this is known as:

Client abandonment Explanation: When a therapist terminates the counseling relationship without sufficient notice so as to potentially cause harm to the client, this is known as client abandonment. The therapist must arrange for subsequent services before terminating the relationship.

Attention deficit hyper activity disorder might be treated using

Client education, group, individual counseling, parent counseling/education, pharmacological treatment, school intervention, social skills training, family therapy and applied behavior analysis.

According to Adler which of the following is seen as ego adlerian therapy?

Core individuality of a person is regarded as ego in alderian therapy

Don asserts that he never thought he had depression before talking to his doctor. Beck believes that __________ depression.

Cognitions do not directly cause Explanation: Beck holds that depression is not caused directly by cognitions, but rather that these cognitions are linked to a particular affective state such as depression.

Dependent personality disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavior therapy and psychodynamic therapy.

Cyclothymic disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy and cycle education.

Agoura phobia might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy or pharmacologic medication

Malingering might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, creative approach, diet and exercise, pharmacotherapy, home health care, psycho educational approach, supportive therapy.

Anorexia nervosa might be treated by using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, cycle therapy including dietary management, family therapy, group therapy and psychodynamic therapy.

Borderline personality disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy and supportive therapy

Illness anxiety disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, educational, supportive psychotherapy.

Adjustment disorder may be treated by

Cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, group therapy, multi systemic therapy, parent management training, pharmacology agent to deal with insomnia, Psychodynamic therapy, psycho educational and supportive therapy.

Schizophrenia might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, group, individual, pharmacotherapy, psychodynamic therapy, psychoeducation.

Disassociative identity disorder it might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, hypnosis , Pharmacological agent agent, psychodynamic therapy and psychotherapy.

Bulimia nerve Osa might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, psychodynamic therapy and cycle education

Disassociative amnesia might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, group, hip gnosis, pharmacologic agent and supportive psychotherapy.

Acute stress disorder may be treated

Cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, psychodynamic therapy

Major depressive disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal, pharmacologic treatment or psychodynamic therapy.

Bipolar 1 disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal, psychodynamic therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, family intervention with behavioral therapy, pharmacology agents and psychoeducation.

Histrionic personality disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, marital group, psychoanalysis or psychodynamic therapy.

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy and psychoeducation.

Factitious disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy and reality therapy.

Female orgasmic disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, psychoeducation, relaxation techniques, Sensate focus exercises and systems approach

Major neurocognitive disorder might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, psychoeducation.

Schizotypal personality disorder Might be treated usingmight be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, reality therapy, supportive therapy.

Narcissistic personality disorder might be treated by using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, supportive therapy.

Schizoid personality disordered might be treated using

Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, supportive therapy.

Delirium might be treated using

Cognitive therapy and psychoeducation.

Delusional disorder might be treated using

Cognitive therapy and psychotherapy

Jason shared that the group became much closer once the prior therapist stopped "interrupting" the members. Janis believed that when a group was _________ and _________, the chances for groupthink increase.

Cohesive, separated from information.

Jason shared that the group became much closer once the prior therapist stopped "interrupting" the members. Janis believed that when a group was _________ and _________, the chances for groupthink increase.

Cohesive, separated from information. Explanation: Janis believed that the chances for groupthink increase when there is cohesiveness and when objective information that may disagree from their beliefs is separated from the process.

When Wayne arrives home at the end of the workday, he goes straight to his piano and then pours a drink. What type of communication does this represent in the MRI model of therapy?

Command Explanation: Command communication occurs when the individual actually does something as opposed to saying something.

theoretical constructs

Compensation-substituting a rewarding for one that produces tension. Reaction formation- a defensive reaction in response to a threatening impulse that is the opposite of the original. Regression- an act of retreat to an earlier stage of development where there is perceived comfort. Suppresion- undoing levels of consciousness or unconsciouness

Feminist family therapy limitations

Core values of relationships may limit the effectiveness with families of other cultural background. Maybe less effective for families with traditional values. May not be direct enough for some families.

Kelly discloses in the third session that her resentment towards Cal began after he "demanded" she quit her nursing assistant job four years ago. Which of the original family theory styles held that inequality serves to stabilize the relationship?

Complementary Explanation: The complementary system of family theories held that inequality is complementary and that it actually serves to stabilize the relationship. It ignores that women are already living at a disadvantage in a society and therefore keeps women in a disadvantaged place.

The family discusses one particular incident in which Becky convinced John to take her for ice cream instead of cleaning the garage in anticipation of guests that night. Structural family therapy focuses on:

Concrete issues

You ask each of the members to rate the effectiveness of the group up to this point in terms of helping them to deal with anger management and curtailing any future abuse. Each member rated the group as a positive experience for them. Janis referred to _______ as the tendency in cohesive groups to foster over-optimism and lack of vigilance.

Concurrence-seeking. Explanation: Janis identified the defective judgment that arises in cohesive groups that leads to over-optimism and lack of vigilance to be the concurrence-seeking tendency. This occurs when the members' strivings for unanimity become stronger than their desire to realistically appraise their decisions and actions.

You ask each of the members to rate the effectiveness of the group up to this point in terms of helping them to deal with anger management and curtailing any future abuse. Each member rated the group as a positive experience for them. Janis referred to _______ as the tendency in cohesive groups to foster over-optimism and lack of vigilance.

Concurrence-seeking..Janis identified the defective judgment that arises in cohesive groups that leads to over-optimism and lack of vigilance to be the concurrence-seeking tendency. This occurs when the members' strivings for unanimity become stronger than their desire to realistically appraise their decisions and actions.

Strokes can be:

Conditional or unconditional Strokes can be unconditional or conditional. An unconditional stroke is a stroke for being whereas a conditional stroke is a stroke for doing.

CR

Conditioned response is a learned behavior (example Pavlov's dog learned to salivate at the sound of the bell

Conduct disorder

Conduct disorder is typified by violation conduct disorder is different from oppositional defiant disorder her and that conduct disorder is more severe and involves a proactive predatory nature that includes aggression towards people and animals and property of the rights of others and age appropriate rules it is diagnosed when the person has three or more signs in the past year the signs include aggression towards people, animals, distraction of property, stealing or lying and violation of rules

As you and Erica continue to evaluate exchanges and transactions between herself and herself and others in the context of varied ego states, you are conducting transactional analysis. Which of these is not a type of transaction?

Conflicted Explanation: There are three types of transactions. Complimentary transactions happen when a predicted response from a specific ego state is received by a specific ego state of another. Crossed transactions occur when an unexpected response occurs from a message sent out. Ulterior transactions involve more than two ego states and a disguised message being sent out.

Of the three therapist characteristics that Rogers highlights within person-centered therapy, _____________ allows the therapist to be the feelings they are experiencing.

Congruence Explanation: Of the three therapist characteristics, congruence is most important, according to Rogers. Congruence implies that the therapist is genuine, integrated, and authentic during the therapy session.

As you listen to Bill, Mary, and Michael share their perspectives, you listen closely to both the content and manner in which they are sharing. Satir believed in a therapeutic approach that is based on:

Congruence and openness Explanation: Satir's approach to family therapy is characterized by a premise that the real issues often have more to do with how they are dealt with than the problem at hand. Her approach was based on congruence and openness.

When Clark was in trouble with his mother for breaking a vase at five years old, he remembers covering his face to hide from her. He also remembers his father playing a ball game in which Clark tried to guess how many balls his father held in each hand. What principle of Piaget has to do with knowledge that the quantity of an object has nothing to do with the arrangement and physical appearance of the object?

Conservation

Structural family therapists believe that there is a structure in family systems due to the:

Consistent patterns of behaviors observed in families The consistent patterns of behaviors that can be observed in most families prompt Structural family therapists to believe that there is a structure in most family systems.

Systemic Family Therapy. If there is a system of relationships in which self-awareness develops, and this system includes and is maintained by oneself, one's parents and siblings and any other people living in the household, then the social configuration is called the family:

Constellation

Common OCD obsessions

Contamination, sexual, aggressive, bodily complaints, order, perfection.

Kevin served in Iraq and was in an explosion with 10 of his buddies. One died. He was knocked from his footing, falling about 6 feet. Kevin and 2 others were medically evacuated. Kevin cannot feel or use his legs. X-rays and neurological evaluation is negative, and no evidence of injury is present. After 9 months, he has not regained functioning, and feeling is intermittent. Kevin does not understand why this is happening and instead is focusing on reading, playing basketball in his wheelchair, and keeping up with friends. Kevin's presentation is consistent with:

Conversion Disorder, persistent with mixed symptoms

In TA the Parent ego state is our behaviors, thoughts and feelings...:

Copied from our parents The Parent ego state is derived from our parents and includes the behaviors, thoughts and feelings we have copied from them.

Our REBT therapists main objective is to deal with the underline, semi permanent, General ----that are causing the clients and wanted reactions.

Core beliefs

A man sells his house and spends all the money on lotto tickets. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Gambling Disorder

Wayne explains in session that it is wrong for Helen to "bug" him when he first enters the house after work. The MRI concept that behavior within the household is neither right nor wrong is known as:

Correct behavior

Dr. Sandler is a psychotherapist. In one session, his client was remembering a past boyfriend whom she loved dearly. As she spoke of him, she began to talk to Dr. Sandler as though it was he that she loved. Dr. Sandler began to love her back and wanted to initiate a more personal relationship with her. In psychotherapeutic terms, Dr. Sandler is experiencing:

Counter-transference is the doctor's transference feelings towards the patient.

As a psychodynamic therapist, you pay special attention to the phenomenon in which you may lose objectivity or respond in irrational ways with the client. This is known as:

Countertransference Explanation: Countertransference is the phenomenon that happens when there is inappropriate affect, lost objectivity, or irrational responses from the therapist toward the client. Positive outcomes can come from an understanding of countertransference in the therapy setting.

Systemic Family Therapy. During the presession, the Milan team would:

Create an initial hypothesis

John and Sylvia seem to be in agreement that there would be no problem in family without the disruptive behavior of Jeremy. As a structural family therapist, you know you will strive to ________________ the family structure.

Create change in Explanation: The structural family therapist observes family boundaries and rules and strives to create change in the family structure to decrease symptoms of dysfunction.

What is the correct procedure to follow if you find that you have made a mistake and documenting your clients counseling session

Cross through the error with a single line and above the entry right error along side the date and your initials

Linda identifies that her mother at home and school in general were very influential on her life and how she views the world to this day. We are _______ taught how to see, look, and act according to Lewin.

Culturally. According to Lewin, in order to change how we see, look, and act, we must change the perceived culture in which we live.

When clients are willing to engage in a change process, they are known in MRI therapy as:

Customers are willing to engage in the process while window shoppers are not.

when you are dealing w someone who is experiencing a significant increase in social, occupational or sexual activity you need to think of:

Cyclothymic disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, personality change due to another medical condition, substance/medication induced bipolar or related disorder.

Bea began using pain pills following an injury to her knee playing soccer. Eventually her knee healed, but her cravings for the drug increased. Initially Bea found physicians who would prescribe based on her original injury, then found friends who had "extra" pain pills, and eventually began purchasing pills on the street. When this became cost prohibitive, she found heroin. It was cheap and effective. Health problems began to mount from her IV drug use, but Bea could no longer get by without the drug without experiencing severe abdominal cramping and other flu-like symptoms. The diagnosis most closely resembling Bea's presentation is:

D. Opioid use disorder, severe Opioid use disorder, severe, is most representative of her diagnosis.

As a May-oriented therapist, you encourage Louis to embrace all that his world means to him right here and now. May defined this state as:

Dasein Explanation: May referred to Dasein as an individual's sum of experiences and interpretations of the world right here and now, and further as standing in one's own life and concurrently engaged at all times.

What is a positive effect that working mothers have on children

Daughters tend to set higher career goals for themselves and seem to be more motivated to achieve

Barbara states that she feels very "alone" and is having difficulty getting motivated to take necessary steps. Schlossberg held that transitions may lead to growth but _________ is a possible outcome too.

Decline. Explanation: Schlossberg held that while transitions may lead to growth, the possibility for decline is also real. Additionally, the transition may be viewed by the individual with ambivalence.

You ask Amy first what it has meant to her living with the Jim and Jennie over the last ten years. The narrative family therapy process of delving into the meanings of the clients' lives is known as:

Deconstruction

Jake is the most quiet during the first two sessions. Haley held that family members often display ________ when they first come to therapy.

Defensiveness Explanation: Haley held that family members often bring a sense of defensiveness when they first come to therapy. This is often a result of not knowing what to expect or a fear that the problems will be blamed upon them.

ADHD

Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is characterized by a persistent, long-standing pattern of attentional issues, marked by hyperactivity-impulsivity, inattention, or both. Symptoms are present for a minimum of six months, and several symptoms were evident prior to age 12.

What assessment instrument would you use for delirium

Delirium symptom interview, confusion assessment method, delirium scale, Saskatoon delirium checklist

When you are dealing w someone who is showing paranoid ideation, you need to think about:

Delirium, delusional disorder, Other hallucinogen intoxication, personality change due to another medical condition, paranoid personality disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizotypal personality disorder.

A 50-year-old woman believes that her mother has been plotting for a long time to have her committed and has her house bugged. Other than this strange belief, the woman seems to have a good relationship with her mother and has been employed for the last 13 years. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Delusional Disorder

During the first session, several of the group members request to discuss how the group will be run in terms of processing and norms. A(n) _______ format allows everyone in the group to have a voice in the decision making process.

Democratic. According to Lewins' Field study on leadership, the democratic style is characterized by allowing everyone in group to have a say in the decision-making process, though the final decision making power may rest with the group leader.

Refusing to accept reality

Denial

theoretical constructs

Denial- a refusal to acknowledge event that causes distress counter transference -irrational reactions on part of therapist to client. Displacement- when an emotion is transferred from an individual or object to a similar person or object, but done so outside conscious awareness.

A wife feels like she needs to have her husband make all the decisions in the family. In fact, she calls him at work 8 to 10 times a day to get advice from him on what to do. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Dependent Personality Disorder

After ten sessions with Cal and Kelly, their are at a standstill and you are doubtful you will be able to help them move forward. When a therapist considers a referral, he or she needs to:

Determine the professional qualifications and fit of the client with the new therapist Explanation: The concept of ethics extends to always making proper referrals for the benefit of the client.

Bandura acknowledged three internal requirements for self-regulation; he would say that the requirement of the judgmental process includes:

Determining the worth of our actions on the basis of the goals we have set. Bandura believes that behavior stems from a reciprocal influence of external and internal factors. He maintains that the one of the three internal requirements for self-regulation consists of the judgmental process. We determine the worth of our actions on the basis of the goals we have set. This is done by judging or evaluating our performance and is dependant on our own personal standards, referential performances, and valuation of activity and performance attribution.

Adjustment Disorder

Develops usually within 3 months of stressor and must resolve within 6 months of termination of stressor(s)

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Diagnostic criteria met since age 15, but disorder is only diagnosable after individual turns 18

During the second session, Sissy accuses Harold of "being on Jennifer's side all of the time." Harold verbally strikes back, accusing Sissy of being a "dictator." It is important for the family systems therapist to be able to be guided by his or her own thoughts and emotions, or in other words be:

Differentiated Explanation: It is vital for the therapist to be differentiated when dealing with couples so as not to get caught up in triangulation. This means the therapist must be able to be guided by his or her own thoughts and emotions and remain separate but interested.

Sylvia is highly involved with every aspect of Sissy's, life including friend choices, homework, school activities, and social choices. This may be an example of:

Diffuse boundaries Explanation: Diffuse boundaries imply that enmeshment is present and are characterized by role merge and over involvement with other family members.

According to our REBT holding a rational believes about emotional or physical comfort is termed

Discomfort disturbance results from demands about others. (People must treat me right )and about the world

Case Study: You create a Reality theory based group for adolescents who have been truant and/or have had some behavior issues. Group member are ages sixteen to eighteen. The group will be limited to ten in number and many of the referrals have come both the juvenile justice and school systems. Seven boys and three girls have been screened for the group. 1. Jeremy has recently back to attending to school after being truant for one week straight. The main technique used in reality therapy is the encouragement by the group leader to help group members to face reality and ___________. Integrate unconscious conflict. Discontinue unproductive behaviors. Increase insight into destructive behavior. Correct faulty assumptions.

Discontinue unproductive behaviors. Explanation: The main technique in reality based group therapy is the encouragement by the group leader to assist group members to face reality and to discontinue non-productive or self-defeating behaviors. Finding alternative ways of behaving that are productive is also emphasized.

What is seen in alderian therapy as being a basic condition that prevents humans from functioning?

Discouragement

Vicki reflects back and realizes that she also experienced little test anxiety when she was taking hair styling exams. _________ occurs when a new stimulus is too different from the original stimulus to cause the same effect.

Discrimination

Feelings are redirected at others to releave tension created by those feelings

Displacement

Affect

Displayed emotions

Removing one's self from emotions

Dissociation

A 19-year-old cannot recall anything of a plane crash in which her family was killed while she was flying the plane. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Dissociative Amnesia

A 55-year-old woman finds herself dressed in a cocktail dress drinking scotch at a country club. The problem is that she not only doesn't drink, she doesn't belong to the country club and she doesn't own a cocktail dress. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Dissociative Personality Disorder

Don shares with you that he feels as if he is to blame for his wife's death because he was on the golf course when she died at home. According to Beck, this is considered:

Distorted thinking

Michael shares that he doesn't really see a "big deal" here and at one time in the session asks if they can go home now. Which communication pattern might he be exhibiting? (satir)

Distracter Explanation: The distracter or irrelevant is characterized by wanting the problem to go away rather than facing it directly. Ignoring the problem and hoping others do the same is his or her goal.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Distrustful, suspicious, jealous and may want to harm others and be hostile.

Harold tells you that he has forgotten to bring a checkbook to session. He asks you if he could provide a free financial advising session for you in exchange. The __________ relationship is identified by the use of bartering for one's services.

Double financial Explanation: The double financial relationship is characterized by the bartering of one's services and is considered an unethical activity. Only in very special circumstances in extremely rural areas and communities can exceptions be made, and these should be documented and reviewed with professional supervision.

psychanalytic techniques and strategies

Dream work- process to make latent dream work become apparent. working through process- entails working through unconscious defenses and material that originated in childhood. Free association technique-client shares what comes to mind without censorship with goals of more insight.

Bill and Mary invite you to a church lunch on Sunday. Socializing with a client is an example of a ______________ relationship.

Dual Explanation: Dual relationships are ones in which socializing occurs between therapist and client and are considered unethical.

Object relations multicultural implications

Due to costly nature, generally based on middle and upper-class values of which minorities may not share. may intrude on social framework of family perceptions in childhood. May not emphasize external forces enough. Difficult to interpret childhood projections with different cultures. Misunderstanding of different cultural dynamics may impede progress and increase misunderstanding with clients of other cultures. May not address concrete needs of minority clients at times.

female sexual interest/arousal disorder

Duration 6 months. symptoms: limited or lacking sexual interest or sexual arousal, Lack of or minimal sexual fantasies, no initiation or are receptive to attempts by partner to initiate sexual behavior. If specific to context (such as a partner) then most or all encounters are impacted.If general than majority of all sexual activity is impacted. Maybe life long or acquired, generalized or situational.

frotteuristic disorder

Duration: 6 months symptoms: persistent, intense sexual desires, fantasies or behaviors associated with rubbing against,fondling or touching a non consenting individual. Has acted out those desires or fantasies on a non-consenting individual.

Fetishtic Disorder

Duration: 6 months. Symptoms: Intense sexual preoccupation, desires, fantasies or behaviors with a specific nonsexual body part, nonliving material or object. Fetish of attention is not limited to items designed for sexual pleasure or enhancement (ex: dildo, vibrator) and does not solely involve cross dressing.

Jeremy further elaborates that he and his dad get out of the house and go somewhere when things get tense. According to Bowen, triangles develop:

During times of distance Explanation: Bowen holds that relationships are dynamic in nature and emotional cycles of closeness exist. Triangles are most likely to develop during times of emotional distance.

By all appearances, Jeremy has disengaged from the family as a whole as well as individually from members one by one. This is known as a sort of:

Dysfunction

Bill and Mary report that they have had marital issues going back three years. Satir believed that marital pain is likely to result in:

Dysfunctional parenting patterns

Jim shares during the first session that Amy has not really ever opened up verbally with him and Jennie for long periods of time. You ask him how that has affected him. Narrative family therapy starts with the problem narrative stage, which focuses on:

Effects, not causes Explanation: The narrative family therapy model falls into three stages. The first is the problem narrative stage in which the problem is reclassified into an affliction by putting focus on effects, not causes.

In TA, the structural model refers to ________ while the behavioral model refers to ________.

Ego states; modes. Ego states breakdown the structural model and modes breakdown the behavioral model.

As an only child, Clark adds that he enjoyed having lots of his parent's attention growing up. He remembers this clearly back to age four. Children in this stage tend to see the world entirely from their own perspective. Piaget called this:

Egocentric thoughts. The stage where the child sees the world entirely from his or her own perspective was known to Piaget as egocentric thoughts. Children's explanations to adults in this stage are unreliable as a result.

Avoiding the hot-button topics can serve to keep the family in a homeostatic place. While it may not rock the boat, unspoken issues can create:

Emotional distance Emotional distance, which may lead to cutoff, can come from not wanting to exhibit signs of willingness to become closer with those in your family. Distance speaks to an inability to individuate or provide appropriate boundaries necessary to avoid emotional distance.

You ask Don if anyone else he knows has ever agreed with this perception that his wife's death was his responsibility. He informs you that he doesn't need "anyone else's opinion." He believes he knows the truth. This is an example of what Beck called:

Emotional reasoning Explanation: Beck marked emotional reasoning as that thinking distortion that occurs as one assumes negative emotions reflect the way things truly are.

. It is determined that each of the children's combative behavior has escalated in the last six months. Whitaker believed that most of the cause and effect of behavior in the family stemmed from:

Emotional suppression

You ask Tim about his pattern of not finishing homework, "What are you doing now?" This question represents which of the reality therapy group goals?

Emphasize present behaviors. Explanation: Glasser identified that group leaders should emphasize present behaviors by asking questions that elicit present behavioral responses.

What frequency must be present for a diagnosis of Encopresis to be present?

Encopresis requires a minimum of monthly episodes for at least three months

As a person-centered therapist, you are concerned about creating an environment for Harriet to be able to emotionally grow and progress in therapy. Rogers identified three therapist attributes necessary. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Encouragement

_________________ is a term that Sullivan used to describe an action or a behavior.

Energy transformation

According to Sullivan, ___________ are typical behavior patterns that characterize a person throughout the lifetime.

Energy transformations organized into characteristic behavior patterns are dynamisms.

John admits to you and the family that he has lost his sense of autonomy when it comes to dealing with Becky. This represents what type of boundaries?

Enmeshed Explanation: Minuchin used the term "enmeshed boundaries" to describe one's loss of autonomy within the family due to a blurring of boundaries.

Objective of supervision

Ensure that therapists are psychologically and emotionally able to perform their jobs effectively.

Jim and Sandy are openly talking with Jake, Jane, and Matt about their feelings regarding the conflicts. Each of the children have a chance to respond to their parents' reactions. Your task as the experiential family therapist is to take the family through three specific phases. Which of these is not one of the phases noted by Whitaker?

Entitlement

Annie repeatedly urinates in her bed at night. Annie potty trained at age two but continues to have incidents of bedwetting though she is now age 9. Annie is ashamed of her behavior, and it disables her from doing sleepovers with friends. Annie's diagnosis is consistent with:

Enuresis, nocturnal only

( person centered therapy) You recognize that Harriet's progress is contingent on the quality of the therapeutic relationship. In addition to the core conditions being present, it is also necessary for the client-therapist relationship to be one of:

Equality and openness Explanation: In Roger's opinion, the client-therapist relationship is one that is characterized by equality and an attitude of openness, which is present to avoid any attempt at mystifying the process.

Ella expresses great interest in beginning a family meeting ritual. James is drawn to having family nights that include everyone. You bring up several other ideas to bring the family together more often. The ability of a system to achieve the same goals through different routes is known as:

Equifinality

A 31-year-old man is unable to obtain an erection when engaged in sex with his girlfriend. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Erectile Disorder

During the first night of therapy Billy and Frank both want to speak first. An initial goal for reality group leaders according to Glasser is help members to ___________ group members.

Establish meaningful relationships with. Explanation: Glasser identified the first goal for reality based group therapists is to assist members to establish meaningful relationships with other group members.

The Detroit tests of learning aptitude DTLA - four

Evaluate general aptitude and discreet cognitive functioning. Language attention and motor abilities on task performance. Age range is six years to 17 years. Requires 40 minutes - two hours. One of the oldest and most widely used tests.

Mental Status Exam

Evaluates a clients emotional state, cognition, time orientation, judgment, appearance, and sensing abilities.

You begin to probe Sandy about her satisfaction levels in her life. At the center of reality therapy, the therapist assists the client in:

Evaluating if the client's wants are realistic and if his or her behavior is helping him or her Explanation: It is up to the client to ultimately decide if what he or she is currently doing is getting them what he or she wants. The basis of reality therapy is helping clients evaluate whether their wants are realistic and if their behavior is helping them to get there.

Malingering

Exaggerated or feign illness in order to escape duty or work or personal gain.

Hypersomnia

Excessive sleepiness is a condition in which a person has trouble staying awake during the day. People who have hypersomnia can follow sleep at any time for instants at work or while they are driving.

Systemic Family Therapy. Selvini Palazzoli was known for:

Exploring dirty games and power struggles. She was interested in exploring the "dirty games" and the power struggles of families. She also focused on ways to restore boundaries and separate members.

Vicki did quit smoking one time at age 21 and reports that she eventually got to a place where she did not miss the cigarettes or the feeling of perceived result she felt. The situation where a conditioned response fades over time as a conditioned stimulus is repeated without the unconditioned stimulus is known as:

Extinction. Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented a number of times without the unconditioned stimulus and ultimately the conditioned response is eliminated.

When transference occurs, _________ is the goal.

Facilitating transference is a major goal of the group therapist. As transference occurs, resolution is the goal.

Matt begins to act out an impression of his father after he initially heard of Jane's sexual abuse. You notice that Sandy is fidgeting in her chair. Your role according to Whitaker is to be a _____________ and to encourage ______________.

Facilitator; spontaneity and creativity

When dealing w someone who is feigning their symptoms you need to think about:

Factitious disorder

Jenny shares during the first session that her mother and father also live at home with her and Raul. Functional family therapy holds that the primary focus of intervention is:

Family

The communication patterns between Mary, Bill, and Michael are important in many ways to identifying sources of pain within the family. (Satir)You recognize that the family unit is seeking balance in relationships through repetitious, circular, and predictable communication patterns. This is known as:

Family homeostasis

According to Trudy, the family tension has remained the same for about eighteen months now. The place where families emotionally return after disturbances is known as ______________.

Family homeostasis. Explanation: Haley held that the family homeostasis was responsible for bringing back the family to a particular emotional state after any disturbance. This adds to the resistance behavior of the family.

The relationships and the nature of the subsystems within the family are discussed. You begin to draw a diagram to identify boundaries, structure, and interaction styles. This is an example of:

Family mapping

According to Jerry, not only has Mary been more stressed, but Sammy has also begun having more tantrums in the last six months, especially when Tamela is around the home. You use the _______ technique to help change some of the informal rules that are adding to the current problems.

Family ritual Explanation: The family ritual technique is a Milan technique of directives that engages the whole family in some behavior designed to change the family system's rules that are perpetuating problems.

Family systems therapy

Family seen as emotional system. Family balance between togetherness and individuality

As you discuss history, situations, and opinions with each member of the family, you begin to understand the nature of the family issues better. An invisible set of functional demands that organize relationships family members have with one another is known as:

Family structure

You initiate a discussion for the family in which each can discuss where he or she feels most tension is present within the family. The Adlerian concept that embraces the belief that all family members' support is therapeutically important and cannot be ignored is known as:

Family values

You have chosen functional family therapy to work with Raul and Jenny due to its therapeutic focus on high-risk youth. It is known as a:

Family-based prevention and intervention program

According to Adler in terms of birth order what are the characteristics of the first born child

Favored, responsible and high achievers

Neurotic Anxiety

Fear of consequences that could result from the expression of Id impulses.

Sandy begins to talk at length about her feelings after her divorce. You redirect her to explore those feelings in the present moment. Reality therapists focus on what the clients are doing and experiencing in the here and now while avoiding discussing the clients' _______________________ as though they were separate from the clients' total behavior.

Feelings and physiology

Derealization

Feelings of Unreality.

Depersonalization

Feelings of detachment from self.

Avoidant personality disorder

Feelings of inadequacy, fear of negative evaluation and social situations, fear of being shamed, may lead very restricted lives.

A 34-year-old woman never achieves orgasm while having sex. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Female Orgasmic Disorder

According to Horney, as a woman, she felt the mapping out of trends in ________ was a neglected issue.

Female behavior In her essay entitled "The Problem of Feminine Masochism" Horney felt she proved that cultures and societies worldwide encouraged women to be dependent on men for their love, prestige, wealth, care and protection.

A 23-year-old regularly masturbates while smelling the socks of women tennis players. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Fetishistic Disorder

Alderien therapy also aims to

Find basic mistakes in a client private logic

Amy shares that she has really never felt love, even though she knows her adopted parents have made attempts to make her feel so. You ask her to elaborate on her accounts of past friendships and other family members. The second portion of family narrative family therapy is known as the ________ stage.

Find exceptions Explanation: The second segment of the narrative family therapy process is known as the "find exceptions" stage, in which the therapist helps to find exceptions to the existing belief system surrounding the problem.

During the third session with Wayne and Helen, you discuss the possibility of exchanging one heartfelt question with each other per day. This would represent a ________ change in the MRI model

First-order Explanation: According to the MRI model, a first-order change occurs when a specific behavior in the system actually changes.

Nft

Focuses on self-defeating cognitions or negative stories that clients till themselves about their problems

Antisocial personality disorder might be treated using

For non-psychotic adults: family therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychodynamic therapy.

What is the first step that need to be taken to develop a group

Forming a group which involves spreading awareness about the group, screening potential members, and talking with the group members about the groups purpose and ethics

Different potential career paths are a topic of the third session with Louis. Your interpretation as a May-oriented therapist is that clients have _________ in choosing how their lives will be.

Freedom Explanation: May held that although individuals have no choice in how they enter the world, they do have freedom to choose how they will live their lives once they have arrived here.

Horney This concept of ego is without initiative or:

Freud's concept of ego was without initiative or executive powers.

Latency Period

Freud: emotionally calm state of development, 6-12 years old.

Genital stage

Freud: final stage of psychosexual development.

Oral stage

Freud: first stage of psychosexual development

A man masturbates by rubbing up against a woman in an elevator. He has engaged in this kind of behavior several times. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Frotteuristic Disorder

As you listen to Erica share repeated conflict examples she is experiencing with her mother and boyfriend, you see that many of these exchanges are ending up with one of them with hurt feelings. These are examples of:

Games Explanation: A game is an ongoing series of transactions that ends with a bad feeling for at least one player.

A woman does not feel as if her body belongs to her and longs a to be a man. As a substitute, she dresses like a man and has applied for a sex change operation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Gender Dysphoria

During the first session, Kelly shares that one of her major issues in the marriage is her lack of final decision-making power. The primary premise of feminist family therapy is the understanding that _____ are at the core of the therapeutic practice.

Gender and power

When you were dealing with someone who is cross dressing you need to think about

Gender dysphoria, transvestite disorder

Feminist Family therapy technique and strategies

Gender role analysis- Help family understand impact of gender role expectations in relationships. Provide insight into ways social issues affect problems. Power analysis- emphasis on identifying the power differences in relationships, society and family. recognize power they possess and how they and others exercise power. Confrontation of power issues for overall good of family. Rules and inner roles challenged. Reframing, goal setting, psycho education.

What theory is this technique association with? Advocacy The therapist will engage necessary supports or assist the client when stuck points cannot be overcome and present as a hindrance to the central work, including advocacy regarding unfair or outdated policies.

General Systems Theory

For the last six months, a 40-year-old schoolteacher has been feeling like her nerves are on end, and she appears anxious most of the time. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Naming in narrative therapy refers to:

Give a specific name to the problem Narrative therapy is a non-blaming approach to human problems. It uses a respectful focus on people's ability to externalize problems. When encouraging clients to expand their initial narrative, the therapist invites them to give a specific name to the problem. This name is then used to encourage focus and precision and enables the person to feel more in control of the problem. Naming and speaking aloud what has happened are the most important starting points- the external manifestation of an internal experience. Often, these traumatic stories are mentioned in referral letters or written about in case notes, but have not been openly talked about in the family or within the therapeutic arena.

What assessment instrument would you use for bulimia nervous

Goldfarb fear of fat scale, Binge eating disorder clinical interview, been scale, Body image avoidance questionnaire, Dutch eating behavior questionnaire, eating disorder examination, psychiatric diagnostic interview, psychiatric rating scale for anorexia nervosa, questionnaire for eating disorder diagnosis

Narcisistic Personality Disorder

Grandoise, admiration seeking, lacking in empathy, over valuing accomplishments. May compare self with famous people and see self as unique and superior.

During the first year with Ella, James admits that the family was happy and everyone got along great. General systems theory holds that the system is ______ the sum of its parts.

Greater than

Nathan reminds you of a client you terminated several years ago due to ineffective results. Which of the following is not recognized as one of the four primary tasks of reality group therapists?

Group leaders must be skilled in processing interpersonal interactions. Explanation: Four tasks of reality group therapists include being responsible persons able to fulfill their own needs, being mentally strong, practicing acceptance of all members, and being supportive and emotionally involved with each group member.

Moral Anxiety

Guilt and shame that results from immoral behavior.

alderian principles and concepts continued

Happiness related to social connectedness. Feelings for inferiority can be catalyst for creativity. Based from psychoananysis theory. Holistic view of human experience. Motivation is key tenet. style of life =way of acting ,feeling and thinking.

You have explained to the Smythes that the family as a whole is your client, along with each of them individually. Regarding the client-therapist relationship, an inherent implication of this relationship is that the therapist:

Has additional responsibility and power

Rational emotive behavior therapy is based on the assumption that humans have:

Have both the ability to continually invent and disturb themselves as well as the capacity to change their own cognitive, behavioral, and emotive processes Explanation: Rational emotive behavior therapy does not put much value on dreams, free association, and feeling exploration, but rather addresses the uniqueness of the client's ability to both create and change ways of thinking.

_____ saw the existence of other people, with whom we are fallen into a world where the anonymous 'They' in our own mind decides about our actions and our identity as the major obstacle to authenticity.

Heidegger

Dasein is a concept forged by ________ in his magnum opus Being and Time.

Heidegger. Heidegger used the concept of Dasein to uncover the primal nature of "Being" (Sein) which Descartes and Kant left unexplored. Like Nietzsche, Heidegger criticized the notion of substance, arguing that Dasein is always a being engaged in the world. The fundamental mode of Being is not that of a subject or of the objective but of the coherence of Being-in-the-world.

Object relations counseling process

Help client work through pathological responses that manifest between therapist and client. Trusting and intimate foundation is necessary. Encouragement of more independent and autonomous sense of self is emphasized. Focus on overcoming developmental blocks and delays. Key to understand phenomenological world of clients sense of earlier childhood memories and relationships. Help client to uncover the unconscious underpinnings to current relationships.

According to TA, what combination makes a "Free Child"?

Natural and little professor. Only the Natural and Little Professor combine to create a separate role. All other types are its own entity and do not combine.

What three markers help assist the couple in construction of a couple's narrative in step 9?

Help couples review change in their relationship. 2. Encourage them to include emotional experiences associated with behaviors of the past and those of the present. 3. Focus on ways that they have found to exit their cycles or patterns. The steps of stage 3, consolidation and integration, are facilitate the emergence of new solutions to old problems and consolidate new positions and cycles of attachment behaviors.

A chief task of the transition phase of group therapy is?

Helping clients deal with resistance

The REBT therapist may first assist the client with gaining an understanding of his or her present behavior by:

Helping the client to separate rational beliefs from irrational ones Explanation: Here the therapist serves as an objective expert to assist in identifying that which is rational and irrational within the beliefs, language, and behavior of the client.

Along with other family therapy theories, Structural therapy utilizes the concept of _________ when analyzing the levels of authority in different family members.

Hierarchical structure Along with other family therapy theories, such as the Strategic approaches, Structural therapy utilizes the concept of hierarchical structure when analyzing the levels of authority in different family members.

While John and Sylvia appear to have established a rigid boundary between their parenting subsystem and Jeremy, there are implications for such a phenomenon. This non-communicative structure

Hinders support and limits effective adaptation

In general a large part of a man's personal identity and sense of worth comes from

His career and financial contributions to his family

Addressing Bill's belief that he is not understood, the REBT therapist embraces the belief that:

His illogical belief is deeply seeded and he is unlikely to change without knowledge that this is an irrational belief Explanation: Irrational beliefs that are causing difficulties in emotional disturbance and behaviors have dipped below the conscious level, creating a sense of "truth" for the client in this area that needs now to be disputed.

How can Kohlberg's stages be universal when all cultures teach different believes?

His stages refer not too specific believes but you underline modes of reasoning that are shared globally

General Systems theory-theoretical constructs

Homeostasis-a rationally stable state of equilibrium. Negative feedback- behaviors that stabilize a family system by bringing back to equilibrium. Positive feedback- Proactive behavior that rocks equilibrium of family, but is done to redefine it in a positive way. Calibration- standard operating system of family. Equinfinality-the same result can occur with different family systems. Redundancy principle- family can behave in certain repetitive behavior cycles.

What may an Alderian therapist ask the client to do to help acheive their goals called?

Homework

To assist Bill in gaining an understanding of his irrational beliefs about his work pattern and his perceived relationship issues with his wife, the REBT therapist may employ _____________________________ to further Bill's progress.

Homework, bibliotherapy, and role-playing Explanation: Rational emotive behavior therapy techniques include a variety of cognitive changing methods that quickly and directly help clients to understand what they are telling themselves as well as how to deal with these self-statements.

According to Freud, the anal triad consists of all the following characteristics EXCEPT: Hostility Stubbornness Orderliness Stinginess

Hostility Explanation: Freud viewed psychosexual development as a series of four overlapping stages. He maintained if parents use punitive training methods when a child is in the anal stage, the child may develop the anal triad where anal eroticism manifests into traits of orderliness, stinginess, obstinacy, and compulsive neatness - all of which lay the foundation for one's anal character.

Vickie informs group that her situation took a turn for the worse when she was laid off last week after her divorce of four months ago. Schlossberg created Transition Theory as a vehicle for analyzing ________ to transition.

Human adaptation. Explanation: Transition Theory was created by Schlossberg to be an instrument to better understand human adaptation to varied sorts of transition.

Bandura defines the essence of humanness to be:

Human agency. Bandura embraces the definition that human agency is the essence of humanness. Furthermore, individuals are defined by their ability to organize, regulate, and enact behaviors that they believe will result in desirable outcomes. Previous Question Final Results

Rational emotive behavior therapy contends that:

Humans to do not need to be loved, though it is highly desirable Explanation: Rational emotive behavior therapy contends that the therapist can help the client to feel undepressed even when unloved by significant others and can also overcome sadness, anxiety, and loss of self-worth by changing the client's belief system.

uncomfortable feeling expressed in a humorous method

Humor

Which of the following is a technique used in psychoanalytic therapy to uncover repressed ideas: A. Tension B. Regression C. Hypnosis D. Insight

Hypnosis was the earliest method used to probe the unconscious by Freud, but due to its limited effectiveness, it was soon discarded in favor of free association.

Non-rapid eye movement sleep around this order might be treated using

Hypnosis, psychodynamic therapy.

During the first session, you have chosen to take adequate time to find individual takes on the parts of Jerry, Mary, and Sammy. The Milan model begins with a process of:

Hypothesizing Explanation: The Milan model was strategic in its approach and began with a process of hypothesizing about the family's presenting situation.

What is the best description of a CE covered entity

I health care provider who records or transmits a clients health information electronically in accordance with Hyppa

What's the best course of action to take if it therapist initiate the termination of a clients treatment

I therapist should give the client a written explanation of why she has decided to close the clients case

Freud would argue that unconscious urges seek expression through the: Id Ego Art of dreaming Superego

Id Explanation: According to Freud, the id is completely unconscious. It serves the pleasure principle, and it seeks constant and immediate satisfaction of instinctual needs. The id is the only structure present at birth and consists of all the unconscious desires and urges that continually seek expression.

Primary Process Thinking

Id uses it to produce mental pictures.

Acting like someone else

Identification

In the context of MRI Brief Therapy, the first step to solving a family's problem is to:

Identify the positive feedback loops that maintain the problem. By identifying these chains of interactions between family members, the therapist can determine which behaviors are maintaining the problem from being solved.

An important step for the reality therapist to use with Sandy would include helping her to create and implement a plan of action that can lead to change for her. Each of these procedures are important for the therapist to address except:

Identifying feelings associated with past experiences that has brought on current behavior Explanation: According to reality theory, procedures that lead to change include exploring wants, needs, and perceptions; focusing on current behavior; getting clients to evaluate their own behavior; and helping clients set up a plan and commit to it.

Both Helen and Wayne agree that their primary problem revolves around the inability to communicate effectively together. Which of the following is not considered an objective of the MRI assessment?

Identifying the most difficult complaint Explanation: The objectives of MRI assessment include defining a resolvable complaint, identifying solutions attempted by the clients, and gaining an understanding of the unique language used by the clients to describe the said problem.

Dissociative identity disorder

Identities or personality states (Alters) in an individual.

It is important for the therapist to listen, consider, and respond to a member's criticism. To not do so would increase the client's ___________.

If the therapist does not properly respond and attend to a member's negative feedback, the member's sense of impotence increases within the group.

During the second session, Kelly verbally owns up to holding anger in about her feelings of being treated as less than equal in her marriage. Originally, family therapy theorists ____________ the influence of stereotyping.

Ignored

Which of the following is an example of extinction? Watching another child get punished Ignoring a crying baby Giving one child a sweet but not another Not giving a child candy when the child does something good

Ignoring a crying baby. If a crying child is ignored when in the past it had been picked up or attended to, this is called extinction.

A 43-year-old man thinks that every little ache and pain his is experiencing must be some type of major medical emergency. His last episode lasted six months. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Illness Anxiety Disorder

What are the two key elements of successful retention? Speech and memory Thinking and remembering Recall and imaginal coding Imaginal coding and verbal coding

Imaginal coding and verbal coding

To the Existentialist, it is ________ that we be aware of death.

Important. To the existentialist, it is important that we be aware of death. The existentialist does not view death negatively but holds that awareness of death as a basic human condition gives significance to living. The fear of death and the fear of life are related.

In Horney's view, men and women were ________ outside of the cultural restrictions often placed on being female.

In Horney's view, men and women were equal outside of the cultural restrictions often placed on being female. These views were not well accepted at the time.

In a genogram diagram, men are represented by:

In a genogram diagram, men are represented by using squares.

James and Ella are one week behind in their therapy bill. Maintaining an ongoing bill for clients affects the counseling relationship:

In a negative way for both the clients and the therapist. Explanation: Keeping an ongoing bill for clients who are behind on paying their bill is not in the best interest of the clients nor the therapist. This creates more opportunities for transference and countertransference issues, along with an increased power differential between the therapist and the clients.

PSYCHOANALYTIC GROUPS

In group work, it is particularly important to focus on experiences of the first six years of life because roots of present conflicts usually lie there. Group work encourages participants to relive significant relationships. Ideally the group functions as a symbolic family so that members can work through these early relationships. Insight, understanding, and working through repressed material should be given primary focus in group therapy. Free association, dream work, analysis, and interpretation are essential components of effective group work. Due to the reconstructive elements of the analytic group, group work is usually long-term. Object-relations theory focuses on predictable developmental sequences in which early experiences of the self shift in relation to an expanding awareness of others. It holds that individuals go through phases of normal symbiosis, separation, and individuation, culminating in a state of integration. Concepts: 1. The therapist frequently makes interpretation for individuals in the group session. 2. In analytic group therapy, dealing with transference and resistance constitutes the bulk of the work. 3. Resistance in the psychoanalytic approach is viewed as an unconscious dynamic. 4. Uncovering early experiences is the primary goal of analytic group work. 5. Free association can be used for uncovering repressed material, helping members develop more spontaneity, working on dreams, and promoting meaningful interactions within the group. 6. Psychoanalytic dream work consists of interpreting the latent meaning of a dream. The manifest meaning of the dream is the actual dream. 7. Establishing an identity is an ongoing process during most of a life cycle. 8. Group disequilibrium occurs when members experience too little intimacy (isolation) or too much intimacy (engulfment). 9. Group malequilibrium exists when group members become so comfortable with one another, they avoid challenging each other's defenses. Advantages of group work with a psychoanalytic approach are: 1. Members benefit from each other's work 2. Multiple transferences can be formed 3. Members learn to identify their own transferences 4. The group can function as a family

Free association

In psychoanalysis the client talks about anything that comes to mind in order to release repressed memories.

You ask the group to discuss their friends and connections going back to childhood. Lewin held that we always exist ___________

In relation to a social context. : Lewin held that as individuals, we always exist in a social context where an understanding of our social and environmental situations is important.

Opiate withdrawal symptoms

Nausea, diarrhea, muscle pain, insomnia: may last a week.

During the discussion about Dana's childhood, she discloses that her mother abandoned her for one year when she was in preschool and left her with her grandmother. One assumption of object-relations therapy is that the self exists only: (object relations theory)

In relation to other objects

Sullivan defines maturity as predominance of the:

In the syntaxic mode, a person begins to perceive himself or herself and the world within the context of the environment and can analyze experiences in a variety of settings.

Anhedonia

Inability to feel pleasure.

Facial agnosia

Inability to recognize familiar people

Dissociative amnesia

Inability to remember important personal information, reversible, may follow stressful events.

Louis conveys to you that he does feel sad over his divorce and admits that he feels he is the prime reason for the demise of his marriage. According to May, the guilt related to Mitwelt often leads to a feeling of:

Inadequacy Explanation: May saw guilt related to Mitwelt as often occurring as a result of being able to see the needs of others and ultimately leading to a sense of inadequacy.

Dana confesses that she wanted to "get into therapy" before she entered into another relationship. Object-relations theory embraces the idea that the desire for intimacy is:

Inborn Explanation: The object-relations theory holds that the desire for intimacy is inborn and that intimacy ultimately provides a sense of well-being.

Bipolar I Disorder

Includes a manic episode which must last at least 1 week

What does not develop during or shortly after stimulant intoxication

Increased appetite or dry mouth

Cal states that he has gained three good friends out of this group. Janis held that the greater the amiability present within the group, the greater the chances that ________ will be replaced by groupthink.

Independent thinking. Explanation: According to Janis, the more amiability among group members, the greater the chance that independent critical thinking will be replaced by groupthink and its' accompanying irrational and prejudice against out-groups.

Regression

Individual returns to an earlier developmental stage as a defense mechanism.

Object relations applications

Individual therapy-Useful to address individual and unique posture towards past and current relationships. Not well suited for managed care brief oriented therapy due to longer term of addressing underlying conflicts. Less useful in group setting due to in-depth nature. Breif thearapy -ABC approch lends itself well to addressing specific problems. Family therapy- Segmented into indiviuals disturbing themselves through reactions to each other in the family.

Monica thinks if she is nice to others others will be nice to her and return what stage of moral reasoning is Monica in?

Individualism and exchange

Narcolepsy

Individuals are driven to fall asleep for short periods of time.

Kleine-Levin Syndrome

Individuals may sleep 18-20 hours a day.

Both Kelly and Cal agree that communication was much smoother when they were dating eight years ago. Feminism focuses on the _______ status of women and the various reasons for the phenomenon.

Inferior

During the first family session, Tamela asks you about confidentiality within the family. Which statement is not true regarding family therapy?

Information within the family can be shared at any time with any other member of the family Explanation: The family therapist is not at liberty to share all details of exchanges without consent from the members involved.

Trudy asks you if you have counseled Hispanic Americans in the past. Which of the following is not considered an effective approach in overcoming cultural barriers in providing ethical professional services?

Informing the client that all clients are considered human beings in contrast to being of a particular culture Explanation: Multicultural issues are a vital part of the therapist's ethical role. It is important to consider client's cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds when diagnosing and treating the multicultural client.

Conduct disorder

Infringes on the rights of others and or break social rules

You ask Jenny and Raul about what is working within the family system currently. Functional family therapy works to develop the _______ of family members.

Inner strengths Explanation: The initial goal of functional family therapy is to help develop family members' inner strengths in order to improve their situations.

A 35-year-old man can't fall asleep. He tries reading for a few hours without success. This lack of sleep interferes with his daily activities. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Insomnia Disorder

Which of the following is required in a Alderian life assessment

Integration

Thinking rather than feeling

Intellectualization

Which of the following creates a different sequence of events:

Intensity used by therapists and with precise timing is used to create a different sequence of events. Unbalancing, punctuation, and reframing are for creating different perceptions of reality.

After Trudy, Sandy, and Jake have spoken, you instruct them to now talk about the statements and arguments specifically with each other. In which stage of Haley' therapeutic interview process does this take place?

Interaction Explanation: During Haley's interaction stage, family members are instructed to discuss statements and arguments each has made prior. This stage allows the therapist to observe family interactions and patterns, not just listen to the conversations.

A man gets out of his car, takes out a gun and shoots the tire of the car in front of him that has not moved fast enough when the light changed. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Which type of reinforcer has the longest lasting effect? Continuous positive reinforcement Intermittent positive reinforcement Continuous negative reinforcement Intermittent negative reinforcement

Intermittent positive reinforcement

During the fourth session with Dana, she shares that her self-esteem has always been "shaky," even going back to being into precare. Fairbairn and Klein contend that the structure of self is formed from:

Internalization of early attachments Explanation: The premise that the structure of self is formed by early attachment relationships is at the core of object-relations theory.

Jim states that he can remember having anxious feelings on and off his whole life. According to Sullivan's theory, anxiety is always ___________ in nature.

Interpersonal Explanation: Anxiety is always interpersonal in nature for the individual, whether it arises from short or long-term relationships and interactions with others.

more psychoanalytic techniques

Interpretation-therapist understanding and teaching meaning and behavior that manifest in unconscious provoking work. Interpretation of resistance- therapist teaches client of their own resistance to unconscious findings. Transference analysis- analyzing in the present moment past relationships manifesting with the therapist in the now.

During the first two sessions, you notice that Hal appears emotionally vacuous, disconnected from the family. You are concerned about his ability to separate his feelings from his thoughts. Bowen referred to this as the ___________ aspect.

Intrapsychic Explanation: The intrapsychic aspect of the individual refers to his or her ability to separate feeling from thinking and can be exercised both with spontaneity and with constraint when necessary.

Differential diagnosis

Is a list of possible conditions or diseases that could be causing symptoms based off of the information given.

Clark's progress in decision making throughout the stages of his childhood holds particular interest to you. Cognitive development:

Is a process by which a child's understanding of the world changes as a function of age and experience. Cognitive development is a process in which a child's understanding of the world changes as a function of age and experience. Cognitive development theory attempts to explain the quantitative and qualitative intellectual abilities at work during the development.

Adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome

Is a short term condition that occurs when a person has great difficulty coping with or adjusting to a particular source of stress such as a major life change or event

Reality therapy

Is a therapeutic approach that focuses on problem-solving and making better choices in order to achieve specific goals reality therapy is focused on the here and now rather than the past

Social anxiety disorder/social phobia

Is characterized by persistent and excessive fear of social situations in which one is exposed to strangers and their scrutiny. A fear that they will humiliate or embarrass themselves. Exposure creates anxiety when exposed to the feared social situation. Even though the person recognizes the fear is excessive he will still attempt to avoid the situation.

Fritz Heider's Balance Theory

Is concerned with the balance of three separate elements. the individual in question, another individual, third a person, thing or idea. Balance is the term for harmony between the three. Stress results when there is an imbalance and individuals will try to achieve balance to remove the stress.

You initiate a discussion with Dana about her current relationship with her mother. As an object-relations therapist, it is important to make interpretations about what the client _______________ versus ____________.

Is doing in relation to objects; what the client wishes would happen

Systemic Family Therapy When using the positive connotation technique, Milan systemic therapists would state that the identified patient's behavior

Is geared toward preserving the family's harmony

Interrole conflict

Is the conflict an individual feels when they are attempting to simultaneously fulfill two separate roles.

You ask Sandy about her frustration levels turning into physical altercations. Haley contends that symptomatic behavior:

Is voluntary Explanation: Haley has a unique perspective that symptomatic behavior on the part of the client has an interpersonal payoff and is voluntary.

Unbalancing can usually be most helpful because:

It forces people to own their fears and perspectives

Why do emotionally focused therapists find attachment theory so helpful?

It helps the couple make sense of the intense emotional drama of relationship distress, it can be a compass in the territory of adult love, directing the therapist to pivotal defining moments, and it is a guide through many content issues and secondary reactions to deep emotional longings, needs, and fears

What is the Emotionally Focused Therapy theory of change?

It is an integration of experiential/humanistic and systemic approaches to therapeutic change. It is both constructivist and systemic. Emotionally Focused Therapy is an integration of the experiential/humanistic and systemic approaches to change. It is a constructivist approach in that it focuses on the ongoing construction of present experiences, and it is a systemic approach in that it also focuses on the organization and construction of patterns of interaction with intimate others. The emotionally focused therapist's focus is constantly on patterns of experiencing, especially affect regulation and expression, and patterns of responses in interactions with intimate partners.

Detroit tests of learning aptitude primary DTLA - P - three

It is used to assess capabilities in language attention and motor. Age range is three years to 9.11 years. Individually administered in 15 to 45 minutes. Used for diagnosing learning disabilities and mental retardation in children.

Wayne elaborates on how "ethical" a person he is both in his career and personal life. The therapist's ethical role of confidentiality is limited to how many years?

It never ends

. Hal boasts to you that the group discussed rules and the norms in detail when the group was first established. Janis found that groupthink groups usually __________ group norms.

Janis found that groups involved in groupthink often adhered to group norms and pressures toward uniformity even when decisions generated unintended consequences.

According to Kohlberg moral reasoning is

Necessary but not a sufficient condition for moral action

During the second session, Dennis shares with you that he feels less remorse about his actions since entering this group. Janis held that members ___________ within groupthink situations.

Janis held that individuals often censure themselves in terms of expressing any critical thoughts about the group process or group itself.

After the third session, it is apparent that John, Joan, and Becky trust you in the leadership position, and you are able to maintain a therapeutic relationship with them. This is known in structural family therapy world as

Joining

Jung therapy Dream analysis

Jung believed that images are a reflection of something within the person, and that the dream world could allow the individual access to the unconscious within the self, specific to the dreamer.

What theory is this technique association with? Active Imagination One identifies an entity (i.e. shadow figure, anima, maternal figure, male), through a dream or other scene, and activates attention to the figure through meditation. The client is invited to enter the scene and dialogue with the entity, usually one that has qualities opposite the ego, thereby accessing rejected elements and availing them to the conscious mind. This may be done in writing, art, sculpting, dance, or other medium.

Jungian Therapy

What theory is this technique association with? Analysis of Transference With this theory, four stages are addressed, including: 1) the client's personal history projections onto the therapist, 2) the client differentiates his/or her own unconscious from the collective, 3) the therapist's reality is differentiated from the superimposed images, 4) the achievement of greater knowledge and insight within the self having worked through the transference and into an authentic relationship with the therapist.

Jungian Therapy

A wealthy real estate woman is caught stealing a pair of socks from the store. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Kleptomania

Tammy requests the group be able to make their own decisions after sharing and processing within the group. This represents which leadership style according to Lewin?

Laissez-Faire. The Laissez-Faire style of leadership according to Lewin allows everyone to be able to make their own decisions and consequently gives the most individual freedom and responsibility for those individuals participating within the group.

Alderian theory principles and concepts

Largely influenced by 1st years of life. subjective reference to view of world. Personality understood as indivisible whole. Behavior is goal orieinted. Ongoing striving for perfection and coping with inferiority. Lifestyle is pathway towards life goals. social interest represents individuals attitude in dealing with social world.

Helping Jim to understand the nature and meanings of his interpersonal relationships is vital because without this awareness, he:

Learns nothing from them

Trudy divorced the children's father nine months ago due to his overcontrolling nature, according to her. Madanes held that the partner who had the _____ power had the ________ problems.

Least amount of; most emotional

Jennifer openly admits that her dad is the only person who comes close to understanding her within the family. In a sarcastic tone, Sissy tells Jennifer that this is "obvious." The family member with the ________ differentiation will be the person most likely to ___________.

Least; be triangulated

(Bowen's family systems theory) When asked how he feels about the family intimacy, Harold shares that they all love each other most of the time and hate each other some of the time. Bowen held that we have ___________ in our emotional lives than we assume.

Less autonomy Explanation: Bowen surmised that within the family system, members have less autonomy in their emotional lives than assumed, and most are more dependent on each other than one would think.

Hey patient is sent to you by his doctor after not being able to find a reason for his depression. His symptoms are including be awake all the time, being hungry all the time and a little melancholy. He tells you he would prefer to help himself you have been a waste of his time and he will not be seeing you anymore

Let the patient go but let him know that your doors always open if he decides to change his mind

(Satir) Throughout the sessions, Bill appears to be the most outspoken and up front of the family members. This represents which style of communication?

Leveler Explanation: The leveler is the communication pattern characterized by a telling-it-like-it-is attitude highlighting honesty and a sense of genuineness.

Content of clinical interview

Life history, family,education, culture, sexual history, religion , menta status exam, current problems, affect, mood

Deborah informs the group that her eating habits change depending who and where she is at the time. The family, work, and church settings for example, which an individual exists in varied capacities are known to Lewin as _________.

Life spaces.Individuals participate in a number of situations and with a varied group of individuals. These are known as life spaces and each of them was constructed under the influence of various forces.

An example of a secondary reinforcer is: Food and water Sex Listening to music Good news

Listening to music is a learned or conditioned response and so is a secondary reinforcer.

Positive effects of cocaine

Local anesthetic, stimulant.

According to Sandy, she was able to avoid candy instantly after learning she was diabetic and recalling her grandmother's physical difficulties by not adhering to her diabetic diet. The approach or withdrawal between an individual's psychological environmental regions is known as ___________ .

Locomotion. According to Lewin, the approach or withdrawal activity that is performed between an individual's psychological environment regions is known as locomotion. This could be represented in something like avoiding a certain food or choosing a distinct type of music to listen to.

Retired men and women who choose to remain active during the retirement age show signs of

Longer life expectancy

Which of these conditions will be best treated by psychoanalytic therapy: Transient stress-related disturbance Actively psychotic Marital problems Longstanding personality disorder

Longstanding personality disorder Explanation: Psychiatric treatment is required for actively psychotic while other two are better handled through crisis support and counselling.

Delirium

Loss of cognitive functioning such as clear thinking and reasoning, orientation, often temporary.

Louis describes his work atmosphere "these days" as tense with a "dog-eat-dog" atmosphere present. May believed that _________ is one of the most crucial problems facing modern society.

Loss of community Explanation: May held that one of the most important problems facing modern society was a loss of community. This leads to a sense of alienation when a society is without regard for fellow human beings.

What is not a symptom of schizophrenia

Lowered Avolation

What is assesment instrument would you use for alcohol use disorder

Mac Andrew alcohol scale, addiction severity Index, cage alcohol interview schedule, drug abuse screening test, inventory of drinking situations, Michigan alcohol screening test

Systemic Family Therapy. According to the Milan group, developing symptoms is another way in which a family can:

Maintain the network of family alliances

According to Kohlberg at what stage two individuals begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments?

Maintaining social order

In response to the Heinz story many subjects say they understand that Hines motives were good but they cannot condone the theft what stage of moral reasoning are these individuals or train?

Maintaining social order

A 27-year-old woman is bored at work and comes home every night and goes to sleep. She is tired all the time and can't find the energy to do anything. Though not physically ill she admits that she has thoughts of ending it all. Mornings seem to be a bit better for her than the evenings. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Major Depressive Disorder

Tara had a baby four weeks ago and has been experiencing feelings of guilt and inadequacy ,anxiety and is scared that she might hurt her baby according to the DSM what is she most likely suffering from

Major depressive disorder or with peripartum onset

Existential Therapy can assist a person in:

Making appropriate choices in their life The therapist try to assist the person to understand that they are free and to recognize the possibilities for their future and to challenge the individual to identify that they alone were in charge of the events in their life. This type of therapy is suitable in helping to make good choices or in dealing with life.

A man on workers comp was involved in a "slip and fall" at work and only wears an arm brace when out in public. He seems to completely recover when he goes bowling with his buddies on the weekend. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Malingering

Hal discloses to the family that he enjoys being out of the home as often as possible, especially when there is "bickering" going on. Undifferentiated people have difficulty:

Managing anxiety and stress

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder might be treated using

Marital counseling and psychotherapy.

Bandura would assert that which of the following factors is the most influential source of self-efficacy:

Mastery experiences The strongest source of self-efficacy tends to be mastery experiences - or past performances. Generally, successful past performances will raise efficacy beliefs. On the other hand, past failures have the tendency to lower efficacy expectancies.

Vicki shares a great amount of detail about her feelings about various anxiety provoking situations. You decide to take a similar amount of notes. Clinical documentation of moral and ethical issues:

May be a therapist's best defense in any applied legal matter Explanation: Documentation is important not only from a therapeutic stance but also for the protection of the therapist should any legal matters arise.

General Systems theory-Multicultural implications

May be considered too abstract and difficult to explain if language is an issue. May be not direct enough for families with more pressing day to day survival issues. Equal power concept may conflict with some cultural values on hierarchy.

Feminist family therapy multicultural implications

May limit effectiveness in families who do not subscribe to equalities to genders. May be difficult to understand how history of family culture has influnced current relationships in family.

Jerry admits that he has felt like a failure as a parent for the last five years. What types of questions are used to challenge negative self-images in the narrative family model?

Meaning questions

Acquired sexual dysfunctions

Means that the symptoms begin after a period of normality.

What is imaginal coding? Using flashcards to memorize words Mental images of events Abstract visions of people whose voices you know Daydreaming

Mental images of events

Helen informs you that Wayne has lots of ways of letting her know of his disapproval without saying a word. This is known as _________ in the MRI model.

Metacommunication Explanation: Metacommunication represents all of the nonverbal communication that has an influencing effect on the verbal messages exchanged.

developers of narrative therapy

Michael White David Epston

The needs to exhibit the grandiose self and the idealized parent image are called:

Narcissistic needs Narcissism is the result of defective, deformed or incomplete narcissistic (self) structures. Kohut postulated the existence of core constructs, which he named: the Grandiose Exhibitionistic Self and the Idealized Parent Image. Children entertain notions of greatness (primitive or naive grandiosity) mingled with magical thinking, feelings of omnipotence and omniscience and a belief in their immunity to the consequences of their actions. These elements and the child's feelings regarding its parents, coagulate and form these constructs.

Which family therapy approaches are influenced by postmodernism?

Milan Systemic, Solution-focused, and Narrative Postmodernism gives family therapists the flexibility to recognize the variety of ways in which their clients view the world. It helps to create an understanding that the world does not function in an absolute way influences the way therapists view, understand, and work with. Family therapists began integrating postmodernism into their work in the late 1980s. Three family therapy approaches have been identified as most influenced by postmodernism, including the Milan group, collaborative language system, solution-focused therapy, and narrative therapy. A unifying feature of systemic therapy is the importance placed on understanding psychological difficulties in the context of social relationships. Narrative therapy looks for 'unique outcomes' - positive exceptions to the problematic story. SFT was a bridge between the early approaches and the post-modern approaches, in which the therapist does not direct, but assists clients.

The concept originally developed by Sullivan which involved clients' interactions with one another in a safe, therapeutic setting, providing great benefits to clients, was termed:

Milieu therapy is the treatment of mental disorder or maladjustment by making substantial changes in a client's immediate life circumstances and environment in a way that will enhance the effectiveness of other forms of therapy.

Within the context of rational emotive behavior therapy, the therapist will help the client to:

Minimize emotional disturbances, irrational beliefs, and self-defeating behaviors by taking on a more realistic philosophy of life Explanation: Human beings are philosophically rooted, and a rational emotive behavior therapist works toward assisting clients to reduce self-blaming and learn new ways to deal with future issues by changing their philosophies.

During the first session, Don informs you that he has always had low energy but this feels very different to him. Pertaining to the exploration of childhood, Beck:

Minimized it Explanation: Beck believed that issues to be explored were more in the present, so exploration of childhood was minimized.

Dana discloses that during her last marriage, which ended last December, her husband "completely" manipulated her and monitored her every move. She admits to responding in kind. According to object-relations theory, when a person has begun to manipulate others, it is because the relationship:

Mirrors and fits one experienced in childhood Explanation: Object-relations theory holds that when one person begins to manipulate and distort another, the relationship is mirroring one from childhood, but now operates at an unconscious level.

Don goes on to call himself the loser grim reaper. This is an example of which of Beck's listed thinking distortions?

Mislabeling Explanation: Beck defined mislabeling as an extreme overgeneralizing of one's behavior or character by skipping over the error and attaching the negative directly to oneself.

Louis relays that he is still close to his parents and high school friends in his community. Rollo May described _________ as one's relationship with fellow beings.

Mitwelt Explanation: May described the concept of mitwelt as man dealing with fellow human beings from stances of great love or even great evil.

Prognosis

Most likely progress of a disorder.

Role Theory

Most of an individuals observable behavior is performed as an effort to fill certain societal roles. Individuals are aware of thier social roles.Conflict arises in this process.

Id

Most primitive psychic structure that operates on the pleasure principle.

By focusing on where Vicki feels her anxiety, behavioral therapy holds that ___________ can be shown.

Motivations that led to behaviors

You begin the third session by asking John for some reasoning behind why he has difficulties saying no to Becky. The structural family therapist looks for ________ behind actions, and then ties them to _________.

Motivations; interventions Explanation: Minuchin believed that the family therapist should look for motivation behind actions and then to turn these motivations into interventions that will more directly address the issues and improve chances for success.

Schlossberg identified Transition Theory for college students to include all of the following variables except which?

Moving up. Schlossberg's Transition Theory for college students is explained in a three-step process that includes: moving in, moving through, and moving out.

object relations therapy limitations

Much of behavior, actions, and feelings outside of client's awareness. time constraints. CLients current relationship may be working against what is being accomplished in therapy. Pathology may be deep seeded. Not useful if client not cognitively orientated. Client must be capable of insight. expense may be high due to longer-term therapy required.

Raul admits that he does miss his dad, but he emails with him regularly. Raul's relationship with his grandparents used to be excellent but has become strained as of late. Functional family therapy is considered _________ in nature.

Multisystemic Explanation: Functional family therapy is considered a multisystemic program and focuses on multiple domains and systems from which adolescents experience the world.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Must last for a minimum of 6 months

What adult diagnosis could result if a parent is chronically inattentive to a child during early psychological development?

Narcissism Narcissistic pathology is due to the absence of the parents' empathic response to the child's needs to be mirrored and to find a target for idealization. The parent may be unable to listen to the child with pride in the child's accomplishment or the parent may distract attention from the child and not fulfill the child's need for appropriate admiration. The chronic nonresponsiveness keeps the child from building up the psychic structures capable of dealing with anxiety that regulate tension and tame effects. Child may become over prone to inappropriate panic. Sexual and aggressive drives may be intensified. An occasional lapse by the parents is no big thing; rather, what matters is chronic parental inability to respond correctly.

A man falls asleep while eating dinner. He has had a normal amount of sleep during the previous night. This has happened numerous times. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Narcolepsy

Jeffrey expresses to you and the family that he does not like the fact that his mother "takes off" out of the house every time some conflict arises, even though it does calm things down a little. This is an example of _________ within a system.

Negative feedback Explanation: Feedback and behavior that is used to maintain the sense of homeostasis or the equilibrium state of the family system is known as negative feedback in general systems theory.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Negative, hostile, antagonistic, and defiant behavior pattern.

According to Horney, a psychic disturbance brought on by fears and defenses against these fears, describes:

Neurosis. Neurosis is a "psychic disturbance brought by fears and defenses against these fears, and by attempts to find compromise solutions for conflicting tendencies" This describes an individual having trouble with coping and handling certain psychosocial environmental stressors resulting in problems within their selves.

"The Will to Power" was one of his most famous books:

Nietzsche

Is disassociative fugue listed as a Disassociative disorder

No

Will all individuals pass through all of Kohlberg's six stages of morality?

No

James takes offense that Ella is blaming Timmy for instigating the family conflict. The concept of ______ within general systems theory holds that no individual is blamed for existing problems.

No-fault Explanation: Within Bertalanffy's general systems theory, the therapist takes a stance within the family system that no individual is blamed for existing problems.

Lee discloses to the group that she thought she was pregnant last year. At this point she dismissed her career search activities. This is an example of a(n) _____________.

Non-event transition. Explanation: Schlossberg identified a non-event transition as an event that never actually transpired.

Jeremy shares that part of the reason he has rebelled is because he is "mad" at the guidance counselor at his school. The act of a therapist trying to avoid doing harm or injury to a client is known as _________.

Nonmaleficence. Explanation: A therapist duty is the desire to avoid doing any harm or injury to any client.

After Timmy and Jeffrey have their time to share experiences of the family issues, you initiate a discussion of family activities. The concept of the family being more than the sum of its parts is known as:

Nonsummativity Explanation: Within the general systems theory framework, nonsummativity refers to the family system being more than the sum of its parts. Hence, the family system can be treated as one unit instead of individual members.

Most abnormal behavior is acquired and maintained according to the same principles as: Normal behavior Childhood behavior Repressed behavior Irrational behavior

Normal behavior

Sullivan felt that people with Schizophrenia experienced the __________ personification continuously, explaining their reported sensations of being disassociated.

Not me represents the reprehensible behavior that is so disgusting that it is disavowed. It is a collection of intense, anxiety-inducing parts of ourselves that must be disassociated from our minds or it will crush us.

After her fourth session, Dana discloses to you that her best friend is not happy with her current therapist. In this situation, you should:

Not solicit clients already receiving services from another provider Explanation: The therapist does not solicit clients already receiving services from another provider. Even when approached by a person directly who is receiving therapy, it is the therapist's duty to consider the existing relationship and proceed with caution.

Gestalt

Now focused the past is gone. ask what and how instead of why. layers of neurosis are dealt with. Self-awareness of what client is experiencing is highlighted. a holistic approach to personality. the process is emphasised over content. the ultimate goal of becoming complete and whole individuals. Individuals can deal effectively with thier problems

When presented with the Heinz dilemma a child responds that Hines was wrong to steal the drug because it's against the law or it's bad to steal which stage of moral reasoning is he in?

Obedience and punishment when asked to elaborate the child use the response in terms of the consequences involved

A man has taken all the books on his shelf and made them all the same size by adding blocks or cutting the books with a saw so they are all the same height. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

What should a therapist do before contacting a collateral source?

Obtain a signed release of confidential information from either the client or clients legal guardian and explain to the client why contacting the source is beneficial and his or her treatment

According to adlerian therapy, life has its three main problems what are these?

Occupational, social, sexual

Somatic symptom disorder (SDD)

Occurs when a person feels extreme anxiety about physical symptoms such as pain or fatigue. The person has intense thoughts feelings and behaviors related to the symptoms that interfere with daily life. The pain and other problems are real they may cause a medical problem.

Gender dysphoria

Occurs when there is a persistent sense of mismatch between ones experience gender and assigned gender.

According to TA, what characteristics does the positive controlling Parent exhibit?

Offers constructive criticism while being caring but firm The positive Controlling Parent offers constructive criticism while still being caring but firm. Free Child mode words are direct and spontaneous

Psychoanalytic limitations

Often requires long term commitment Expensive due to length of treatment Severly disturbed clients may lack ego strength needed for this therapy. not suitible for managed care environment.

Jerry asks if he can bring you a gift at the next session. Ethically, accepting a gift from a client is:

Questionable Explanation: Accepting a gift is questionable ethically because it can alter the therapeutic relationship in a negative manner. Several factors must be explored before accepting such a gesture.

When asked about her role in the problems and solutions of the family, Sissy states that she identifies with both contexts greatly. Bowen held that families function ________ and there are _________ types of families.

On a single continuum; no different Explanation: Bowen saw all families as functioning on a single continuum and believed that there are no different types of families. As well, similar characteristics of development are in common with all families.

Once the problem has been defined, the MRI therapist's second goal for assessment is to:

Once the problem has been defined, the MRI therapist's second goal for assessment is to identify attempted solutions that maintain the problem.

In order to diagnose selective mutism the client must experience symptoms for at least

One month

Bipolar I I disorder

One or more major depressive episodes and at least one hypo manic episode

Bipolar I disorder

One or more manic episodes sometimes with a history of major depressive episode

Josh shares that he is unsure of what all the trouble is about. Jennifer assures him that he is a big part of the tension. According to Bowen, a change in:

One part of the family system affects the whole system

You identify that there is much discord between Trudy and Sandy and that Jake tends to "cling" to whoever gives him the most amount of attention. Haley believed that the definition of a truly effective therapist was not one who tells clients what to do, but rather:

One who gets them to do it without telling

To reduce test anxiety

One, write down all of your negative then deep breathe. Inhale deeply through your nose for five seconds and exhale slowly through your mouth visualize taking the test change your negative thoughts to positive thoughts instead of I will probably fail the test change it to if I study I will pass thoughts about taking the exam.

General Systems theory-techniques and strategies

Openness, empathy, no blaming, Help family to understand circular causality. Identify communication loops. Identify problem to systemic basis. reframing family perceptions.

Clark shares that he has always been good with his hands and preferred to work out exercises such as multiplication with his fingers. He has a harder time "thinking things through." Piaget referred to this internal thinking process as:

Operation. The process of working something through in your head is known as operation. While younger children in earlier stages tend to work things out more actively by trial and error in the real world, older children and adults can do more in their heads.

A 12-year-old boy talks back to the teacher in an angry and threatening way when he doesn't complete his classwork. He is constantly in trouble. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Jim claims to have been actively raised by both of his parents sharing duties. He remembers his father doing much of the nurturing of him as a young child. Sullivan identified anxiety to be rooted with ______________ and in turn to arouse a need for _____________.

Our caretakers; security Explanation: Sullivan identified anxiety as being rooted with our caretakers, primarily the mother. It is also contagious. Children tend to pick it up from caretakers, which in turn leads to insecurity that arouses the need for security.

PTSD

PTSD has been delineated into two categories, PTSD and PTSD for Children 6 and under. the individual must have been directly exposed to a traumatic event, learn about a traumatic event happening to a close significant other or have chronic exposure to traumatic details (line of duty issues with first responders). Three clusters of symptoms constitute PTSD symptomology, including intrusion, avoidance, and arousal. Intrusion is characterized by symptoms of flashbacks (feeling as if is happening now, past is present), nightmares with content or emotion related to trauma, intrusive memories ("I close my eyes but the scene keeps replaying no matter what I do"), and physical and emotional reactions to triggers (reminders) of the events. Avoidance is characterized by efforts to abstain from thoughts, feelings, people, conversations, objects, memories, or anything that could serve as a reminder of the event. Avoidance also involves a lapse in memories surrounding the events, distorted cognitions, anhedonia, detachment, and disengaged from positive emotions. Arousal is characterized by irritability, anger outbursts, recklessness, hypervigilance, self-destructiveness, easily startled, being "on edge," and insomnia. Symptoms must be present for a minimum of one month and cause functional impairment and distress in at least one significant area of functioning. Symptoms are not better explained by a substance or other condition. When coding, specify whether or not dissociative symptoms are present (depersonalization or derealization or both), recurrently or persistently. If onset of PTSD symptoms is not present for a minimum of 6 months beyond the event, specify "with delayed expression."

Systemic Family Therapy In which technique does the therapist instruct family members to continue their symptomatic behavior?

Paradoxical injunction

What is not a criteria for personality change due to another medical condition

Paranoia must be present

A child is consistently showing inappropriate behavior around boundaries. As a behavioral therapist, you are drawn to first take a look at the child's: Teachers Parents Siblings Friends

Parents Explanation: The child's first opportunity to encounter boundaries was likely in the home. If home boundaries were inappropriate, they were likely set by permissive parents who may not have seen the potential for poor consequences.

Conjoint therapy

Partners are in therapy together

Encopresis

Pattern of elimination of feces in inappropriate places.

During the fourth session, you take time to explain to Raul and Jenny some examples of how family meetings have greatly benefited other families you have known. Which functional family therapy intervention stage would this represent?

Phase 1: Engagement and motivation Explanation: During the engagement and motivation stage of phase 1, the functional family therapist works to create a perception of positive change and maximize factors that enhance intervention credibility.

Patty presents in a medical clinic a few days after undergoing oral surgery complaining of severe diarrhea. She was sent home with medication. Over the next few months, she underwent exhaustive evaluations at two different clinics, neither finding a cause to her ailment. Patty, her spouse and family members denied knowledge of a history of abuse or eating disorder. More than one year later, she lost 10% of her body weight and is referred to a major medical specialty program. They review her previous findings and repeat x-rays, upper and lower endoscopies, and other tests. Tests revealed no evidence of bowel disease, colitis or pathogens. Patty denied use of laxatives and her toxicology labs are negative. She is sent home and told to return anytime. Several months later, she experienced severe bleeding after a colonoscopy, and required four units of blood. Patty's weight dropped another 20% and she is started on intravenous feedings. She is referred back to the specialty facility again. Today the toxicology lab noted bisacodyl, which Patty uses to induce diarrhea. A mental health consult is made to determine how best to approach Patty and her spouse, given her presentation of:

Patty's presentation is Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self. While her symptoms impact others, she is the one physically impacted by medical manipulation. Her symptoms, while real, are artificially induced for the purpose of being a patient, negating the other two diagnoses.

A priest is arrested for fondling an altar boy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Pedophilic Disorder

Freud's notion of ________ in particular was subject to criticism by Horney.

Penis envy. Freud's notion of "penis envy" was subject to criticism by Horney. She thought Freud had merely stumbled upon women's jealousy of men's generic power in the world. Horney accepted that penis envy might occur occasionally in neurotic women, but stated that "womb envy" occurs just as much in men.

As Erica shares her experiences, beliefs, and patterns of behavior, it is important to clarify each of these in relation to transactional analysis except:

People are free from influences of social forces if they desire to be Explanation: People are not free from social forces, and decisions made at critical junctures within their life were not totally made by themselves.

As an experiential family therapist, you assume that:

People are good, have honest emotions, and are resourceful Explanation: As an experiential family therapist you naturally assume that your clients are good, have honest emotions, are resourceful and creative, and have a desire for freedom of choice.

What did Colbert mean when he said that his stages were hierarchically integrated?

People do not lose the insights gained it earlier stages but integrate them into new broader frameworks

Rational emotive behavior therapy. People rating.

People rating is labeling or reading your total self or someone else for example I am useless.

Dependant Personality Disorder

People want to find others to take care of them, tendency to be compliant, passive and irresponsible: fearful of abandonment: do not like to be alone.

What is believed to be a common etiological factor in the acquisition of obsessive compulsive and anxiety disorders

Perceived lack of control

alderian contructs cont

Perception of the past has continued influence. 5 life tasks include: relating to others, making a contribution, achieving intimacy, getting along with others, developing our spiritual dimension. Thearaputic relationship is a collaborative one. Every person has unique motivations.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disiorder

Perfectionistic, controlling, excessively orderly.

Projective Tests

Person responds to ambiguous stimuli: given to reveal unconscious conflicts: harder to fake than objective tests.

What theory is this technique association with? Active Listening When the client makes a statement, rephrase it back. This can be done verbatim, to ask for additional information, or clarify the emotional state. For example: Joan says, "I had an argument with my mom and we haven't spoken in two weeks." The therapist replies, "You had an argument and you guys are not talking." Joan says, "Yes, we fought because I want her to come to my house for Thanksgiving, but she says it is just much better at her house because it's always been there. I was angry when it happened, but now I feel almost sad because things are changing for her since dad died." The therapist says, "You were arguing about how to spend the time together as a family, but now with some thought about what the holiday has always meant to your mom, you feel sad."

Person-Centered Therapy

Vickie began skipping school while she was in eight grade because she could "get away with it." Reality therapy holds that ________ and _________ are at the core of human behavior.

Personal responsibility, choice. Explanation: Glasser's approach to reality based group therapy, human behavior is built on the foundation of personal responsibility and choice. Positive choices help create a quality world in which needs are met.

You are interested in the interpersonal quality of Jim's relationships as an interpersonal theory therapist. Sullivan believed in the study of ____________ that can be observed in the context of the client's individual interpersonal relationships.

Personality characteristics

You praise the Smythe family for their initiative to make the family better. Narrative family therapy takes on the stance that problems should always be:

Personified Explanation: The narrative family therapy model holds that problems should always be personified and looked into in direct manner. By standing up to the problem personally, the client has the ability to cut off its life support.

Phobias might be treated using

Pharmacologic treatments, Psychotherapy, systemic desensitization.

Jenny complains to you that she heard some negative news about the treatment center where you are working. You elaborate on the changes that have taken place since then. During what phase of the functional family therapy intervention would this occur?

Phase 1: Engagement and motivation Explanation: During phase 1 of the functional family therapy intervention phases, the therapist works to minimize factors that may decrease the client's perception of the therapist's credibility. Example factors that may need to be addressed include poor program image, difficult location, and inadequate resources.

What is the benefit group process

Promoting feeling of comfort and safety

During session six, you assign Jenny the task of checking homework on a nightly basis for Raul anytime before she goes to bed. What phase of the functional family therapy intervention does this represent?

Phase 2: Behavior change Explanation: During phase 2 of the functional family therapy intervention phases, the therapist assigns and implements behavior change plans to address the specific situations of each family member.

As a Rollo May-oriented therapist, you are concerned with Louis's subjective view of varied aspects of his life. This refers to the use of:

Phenomenology

Piaget-equilibrium

Piaget noted there was a period when accommodation or assimilation dominated and periods where they were similar in all children which introduced stages of development.

What assessment instrument would you use for depersonalization/do you realization disorder

Pitts questionnaire, dissociative experience scale, my lash burn out inventorey, peritraumatic disassociative experexperience questionnaire

What is the first part of a record that an auditory will look for when reviewing a therapist documentation

Plan of care that shows the client has a need for the services that were provided

What theory is this technique association with? Art Art is tied directly to the unconscious and brings out tangible symbols of emotions to the surface, and also allows the client to become more self-aware in a non-threatening medium. Traditional materials (crayons, paper, finger paint, markers, paints, clay, Play Doh, paste, glitter, clue, scissors, string, stickers) may be used, or electronic media may be incorporated. Art may be used alone or with other techniques.

Play Therapy

You have determined that the communication between Jerry and Mary has disintegrated around the topic of their children. You have decided to reframe the problem so that nobody is labeled or blamed. This Milan technique is known as:

Positive connotation

During the third session, Ella discloses that she has recently gone back to work more hours at the hospital as a nurse to bring in more money for the family. She has been under more stress as a result. This is known in general systems theory as:

Positive feedback Explanation: According to Bertalanffy, positive feedback within a family system is characterized by intended proactive behavior that rocks the balance within the family.

Positive feedback loops serve to:

Positive feedback loops serve to signal a need that change must occur in the system

At the end of the session, you analyze reactions by the Harold family for the day and plan for the next session. This is known as the _______ step in the Milan model.

Post-session Explanation: The post-session represents the fifth step in the Milan model. It is at this stage that the therapy team would meet to analyze the family's reaction and plan for the next session.

A 30-year-old is feeling nervous after the bombing of the World Trade Center. She can't seem to focus and the memory of the event dominates her waking hours. She seems distant and distracted most of the time. She's been experiencing these symptoms for about six months. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Collaborative and Narrative therapies do not place importance on:

Power Collaborative and Narrative therapies value the client-therapist relationships and systems that are more egalitarian and less hierarchical; they are careful to be respectively, public and transparent about their views and biases. Dissimilarly, Narrative Therapy holds an agenda to liberate people from constraining or oppressive dominant narratives; Collaborative therapists pay attention to these narratives when the client thinks it is important; and Solution-Focused therapists do not find the issue relevant.

Feminist family therapy- Counseling process

Power imbalances are identified between different genders as well as between therapist and client. Values and beliefs of members are explored. NO labeling or pathologizing. Direct interpretations are not encouraged. CLients are considered experts on their sense of self. Self-disclosure encourages to address natural imbalances in power between therapist and client. empowerment is key to process. process of increasing capacity of individuals to make choices and transform desired actions and outcomes.

Which is the first level of moral reasoning?

Pre-conventional

Mood

Predominant emotion.

schizoid personality disorder

Prefer to be alone. Low levels of emotion.

A 35-year-old ejaculates before he can even engage in sexual intercourse. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Premature Ejaculation

Body dysmorphic disorder

Preoccupation with a body defect, the defect either being imagined or not worthy of the persons excess of concern.

Epidemiology

Prevalence and incidences of diseases.

Delusional disorder

Previously called paranoid disorder a serious mental illness called a psychosis in which a person cannot tell what is real from what is imagined. The main feature of the disorder is the presence of delusions, unshakable believes in something untrue or not based on reality.

What alderian axiom of principal describing

Principle of spontaneous structureation of the parts in the whole

What is the Alderian principal describing all the components of the mind organize an equilibrium themselves in according with the goal

Principle of spontaneous structures of the parts in the whole

Insomnia

Problem of not getting enough sleep.

Attributing unacceptable feelings to others

Projection

You identify a pattern of "fight and flee" in several of Dana's past relationships. She defensively snaps at you after you bring this to her attention. The object-relations therapist's role is to pay attention to ways which the client:

Projects previous relationships into interactions with the therapist Explanation: The object-relations therapist pays close attention to how the client projects past object attachments and relationships into the present interactions with the therapist. Bringing the unconscious material to a conscious level allows for resolution.

In the last six months, Jacob received a D for the first time and Tim was suspended from school for fighting for the first time. The Adlerian systemic perspective contends that symptoms always have:

Ramifications for family members Explanation: The Adlerian systemic perspective holds that individual's functioning is a manifestation of the way the family functions and symptoms stemming from members always has ramifications on other family members.

The client therapist relationship in rational emotive behavior therapy can be compared with the relationship between

Rational emotive behavior therapy is educated in nature, the therapist can be compared to a teacher teaching his student, the client in this case.

During the first group session you attend, Jim explains to you that this is a "higher functioning group" and that several of his co-members have been "not so much at fault" as other offenders. One aspect of groupthink is exemplified by the group tendency to create a(n) ____________. Correct

Rationale for their behaviors.

Case Study: You have been asked to take over the lead for a men's batterer group in which the therapist has moved out of the area. She has informed you that the last couple of sessions were a bit "out of hand" in terms of group progress. You sense the concept of groupthink is at work in the group, which was coined by Irving Janis, is in progress, based on the previous therapist's descriptions of prior events. Time Remaining: 00:14:40 On/Off 1. During the first group session you attend, Jim explains to you that this is a "higher functioning group" and that several of his co-members have been "not so much at fault" as other offenders. One aspect of groupthink is exemplified by the group tendency to create a(n) ____________. Atmosphere of trust and intimacy among members. Positive atmosphere for others to speak. Rationale for their behaviors. Honest appraisal of their progress.

Rationale for their behaviors. Explanation: One aspect of groupthink involves members creating a rationale or sense of morality to their behavior or attitudes.

Converting an unacceptable outcome into a reasonable explanation

Rationalization

Jerry conveys his interpretations of his childhood past to you. Transference is an important component for clients in psychoanalytic therapy. This occurs when the client brings forth conflicts from his or her early years relating to love, anger, resentment, anxiety, and sexuality, and then:

Re-experiences them and attaches them to the analyst

Coverting unacceptable feelings into their opposite

Reaction Formation

Jennifer expresses to you and the family that she is the victim in this family and doesn't know why Josh has come back to live with them anyway. A key to successful differentiation is:

Realizing one's involvement in the problem, as opposed to blaming others Explanation: Bowen held that important to the process of differentiation is the ability to realize one's own involvement in the problems, as opposed to blaming others, which locks the issue in place.

Louis shares that he feels excited yet extremely apprehensive about switching careers while still "reeling" from his divorce. What stage of May's developmental model might Louis likely be experiencing?

Rebellion Explanation: According to May, the rebellion stage is characterized by a person in a transition who wants freedom but does not yet have a good understanding of the responsibility that goes with it.

As a narrative family therapist, it is important that you help the Smythes uncover and undo unproductive stories in order to:

Reconstruct more productive ones Explanation: The narrative therapy process works through a process of uncovering and undoing unproductive stories and reconstructing and replacing them with newer, more productive ones.

Anorexia Nervosa Term

Recurrent restricting or bingeing/purging behaviors in the previous 3 months; can last from one episode to a course of many years

Problem saturated stories

Refer to patterns of tunnel vision individuals engage in that affect how they see and interpret events

Obsessive compulsive phenomena in psychoanalytic theory: Are understood as dramatization Increase anxiety Reflect undoing Are always due to oedipal conflict

Reflect undoing Explanation: Undoing - ego defense mechanism of carrying out compulsions to neutralize the offending ideas and impulses.

You explain to Jake that his mother gives him extra privileges because it is difficult for her to express her loving feelings verbally. This is known as:

Reframing Explanation: Haley was a proponent of reframing problems for the family in order to gain communication and clarification of behaviors within the family

Reverting back to an earlier self

Regression

Although she knows how to operate a car, Kathryn refuses to drive (even though it causes her family much distress); thus, her husband has to take her everywhere. Freud would say that this is an example of: Displacement Regression Sublimation Identification

Regression Explanation: Freud maintained that defense mechanisms protect the ego against the pain of anxiety. In this example, Kathryn is exhibiting the defense mechanism of regression. Regression involves taking the position of a child (rather than acting in a more adult way) when faced with a stressful situation. Reverting back to childlike behavior can help a person avoid feelings of helplessness.

The Johnsons arrive ten minutes late for the fifth session. Joan angrily states that "her getting her way again caused" them to be late. The structural family therapist knows that by ________ the current structure, _____________ is alleviated.

Remedying; past psychological residue

Excoriation (skin picking disorder)

Repeatedly picking the skin to the point of lesions with an inability to stop, causing distress and functional impairment. Picking behavior commonly involves face,, hands and arms and sometimes targets healthy skin, while others target irregularities, such as calluses, previous picking sites, black heads or pimples.

Unacceptable feelings are sent to the unconscious

Repression

As you learn more of the conflicts that are present between Jerry and his parents and social network as a whole, and of Jerry's apparent lack of awareness of this phenomena, you begin to think that ______________ may be a mechanism at work here.

Repression, a Freudian process, is a defense mechanism that is characterized by the involuntary removal of something from consciousness.

Bandura maintains that reinforcement:

Requires cognitive appraisal. Reinforcement depends on an individual's cognitive evaluation of the situation. Bandura maintains that although reinforcement may sometimes be unconscious and automatic, complex behaviors usually require cognitive facilitation, Thus, learning tends to occur more proficiently when an individual is cognitively involved in the learning situation and understands what behaviors pave the way for successful responses as well as what consequences may follow certain behaviors.

(Satir) During some family conflicts, it appears that Bill becomes agreeable and compliant, Mary blames Michael, and Michael works to distract away from any issue at all. This is an example of a:

Rescue game

Louis believes that his parents did a wonderful job despite feelings that they made too many decisions for him along the way. May holds that for a fully functioning, authentic person, with freedom comes:

Responsibility Explanation: May held that with freedom comes an assumption of responsibility for all that we have become, with no blame extending elsewhere.

"I statements" are emphasized as part of Bowen therapy because they promote:

Responsibility for behavior and attitudes The more responsible people are for their feelings or attitudes, the more likely they are to be able to differentiate themselves, separating the intellectual and the reasoned from the emotional and sometimes irrational process.

You suggest a dialogue between you and all of the family members regarding what each family member is feeling during the first session. According to Minuchin, family interactions:

Reveal the structure of the family Explanation: Minuchin contended that family interactions are accurate indicators to the nature, structure, and organization within a family.

If there are blank spaces on a form that do not apply to you our client what is the appropriate action to take

Right not applicable and any spaces that do not apply and cross through blank spaces

General Systems theory-theoretical constructs cont

Rules represent systems repetitive or consistent interaction patterns. Wholeness represents all individual family members combined into one interdependent system. Organizational system may include factions and alliances. Feedback is the reinsertion of results of past performance in order to stabilize the system. Rules may be: Descriptive - metaphors describing patterns of interaction. Prescriptive -direct type of communication that can or cannot occur between member.

Which disorder involves at least one month of regurgitating food and rechewing, re-swallowing or spitting out to the curb

Rumination disorder

A generation of men and women who care simultaneously for their children and their parents

Sandwich generation

The person who first coined the term "existential":

Sartre

Jim states that he felt as if his wife understood him better than anyone else in the world, and this is why he chose to marry her. Sullivan identified two sources of motivation for individuals, the pursuit of:

Satisfaction and security Explanation: Sullivan proposed that the individual brought forth two sources of motivation: the pursuit of security, in which we seek to maximize satisfaction in mainly bodily needs, and the pursuit of security by reducing social and cultural insecurity.

Clark tells you that his parents held him back out of kindergarten for a year and that he remembers being very upset about this event. The system of organized knowledge stored in long-term memory that involves past learning and helps to guide the retrieval of information is known as:

Schema. A system of organized knowledge that is stored in long term memory that guides long-term retrieval of information is known as schema. It also can be described as a cluster of thought and behavior patterns relating to the self.

A boy who was a loner in high school now living isolated in the woods killing his own food. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Schizoid Personality Disorder

SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER

Schizophreniform Disorder mirrors Schizophrenia with the exception of duration. The duration of symptoms is between one and six months, with a minimum of one month, unless medical intervention is made to curtail symptoms. Schizophreniform Disorder impacts an individual's behavior, cognitions, emotions, perceptions, and interactions with others. The individual struggles to tell reality from non-reality. Symptoms include a combination of delusions, disorganized speech, hallucinations, catatonia or grossly disorganized behavior, and negative symptoms, such as poor personal hygiene, lacking motivation, isolating, limited emotional expression, anhedonia, and avolition. One of the symptoms must be delusions, disorganized speech, or hallucinations. Symptoms cannot be better accounted for by another schizophrenia spectrum or psychotic disorder, ingestion of a substance (e.g. methamphetamine), a depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features, or other medical etiology.

A 36-year-old man never lets a black cat walk in front of him wherever he goes. He is rather strange, has few friends and avoids socializing. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Oral stage is to infancy as latency is stage is to?

School age

According to Sullivan, ______________ consist of behaviors designed to reduce interpersonal tensions.

Security operations

As a child of around 10 to 12, Jim remembers being more social and more relaxed at home and with peers at school. You help him to explore ways he coped during this time and maneuvers he created to increase his sense of security and diminish or extinguish anxiety. These are known as:

Security operations Explanation: Interpersonal operations that are used to increase security and lower anxiety are known as security operations. Security operations are used to protect, maintain, and advance our self-esteem.

An eight-year-old girl refuses to speak in school with the exception of the occasional sentence to one friend. At home, she is social and conversational. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Selective Mutism

A negative side affects of encouraging a patient to have both individual and group therapy simultaneously it is

Self disclosure will happen in individual therapy leaving the patient to repeat himself in group therapy

Bandura's premises behind self-regulation have been incorporated into a therapy technique called:

Self-control therapy Bandura's ideas behind self-regulation have been integrated into a therapy technique called self-control therapy. This therapy has been successful in ending habit-type issues, like smoking, overeating, and study habits.

You are interested in the individual self-esteem levels along with the core levels of a healthy self for Bill, Mary, and Michael. Which of the following is not considered one of the eight levels of a healthy self? (satir)

Self-directional Explanation: The core of a healthy self includes eight levels: physical, intellectual, emotional, sensual, interactional, contextual, nutritional, and spiritual.

Horney postulated that the ________ is in fact the core of one's own being and potential.

Self. Through her views on the individual psyche, Horney postulated that the self is in fact the core of one's own being and potential. Horney believed that self-actualization is the healthy person's aim through life -- as opposed to the neurotic's clinging to a set of key needs.

Cal admits that he had a "tough," outspoken father who spent little time inside the home or talking with his mother. Feminist family therapy holds that masculinity is defined through _______, while femininity is associated with ________

Separateness; attachment

Four months after moving from Orlando to Boston, a nine-year-old girl will not go to the bathroom or go to sleep in her own room by herself. This behavior is also accompanied by the refusal to go to school. She seems anxious and frightened when asked about her strange behavior, and explains she is scared that her dad will die. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Separation Anxiety Disorder

You pay particular attention to what Jerry's unconscious is expressing. There are several Psychodynamic techniques that are useful in gaining a better understanding here. All of these represent a psychodynamic method except:

Shadow work Explanation: Several techniques used in psychodynamic theory include maintaining the analytic framework, free association, dream interpretation, and transference interpretation. All of these are aimed toward increasing awareness, fostering insights into behavior, and ultimate creating understanding of clues and symptoms.

Harriet has come to therapy with a particular feeling of helplessness about her sad feelings. Within the person-centered therapy framework, the intent is for her to soon learn that:

She can be responsible for herself and her feelings Explanation: Within the person-centered framework, clients soon learn they can be responsible for themselves in the relationship in order to learn to be more free by using the therapeutic relationship to gain better self-understanding.

You have set no time limit on this adolescent group process. Reality theory has a _________.

Short-term focus. Explanation: Reality therapy has a short-term focus that makes it an appropriate therapy under today's health care model.

Operant conditioning

Skinner: Reinforcers and punishments will affect the learning of behaviors and their maintenance.

You discuss Tamela's behavior problems during the second session as a topic of focus. According to the Milan model, problems should be reframed in _______ terms rather than being rooted in ________.

Social; individuals

Callie is a 24-year-old college student who is referred by her primary care physician following failed treatment for a series of somatic complaints. Callie has a history of painful menstruation, nausea, fatigue, headaches, insomnia, joint pain, muscle weakness, and gastrointestinal distress dating back to early adolescence. She has seen 4 different medical specialists with no clarifications on her medical presentation. Callie underwent two exploratory laparotomies and many diagnostic tests were conducted with no clinical basis found for her symptomology. In the past year, her symptoms are exacerbated, leading to her being prescribed narcotics to cope with the pain. Callie is now addicted to the prescription painkillers. Callie's presentation is most consistent with:

Somatic Symptom Disorder Explanation: Callie is diagnosed with Somatic Symptom Disorder. She is not malingering, as there is no evidence of her feigning her symptoms for some form of personal gain (e.g. financial). Conversion Disorder centers on a loss of functioning (such as with blindness or loss of the use of a leg) and not distress about the cause of symptoms.

What is a limitation of group therapy

Some people in the group have trouble opening up andspeaking honestly about their feeling

A group therapist conducting a support group should have what level of training?

Specialized training in process oriented skills

How did Structural Family Therapy most impact the family therapy scene?

Specific model made it more acceptable to medicine, especially psychiatry The fact that Minuchin's model was so specific and the therapist strategically executed the interventions made it a more acceptable model and a more valid model for the medical field. This was also due to the fact that it focused on 'symptoms' and their eradication. This acceptance gave Family Therapy more validity as a treatment approach.

Specifiers for Factitious Disorder include:

Specifiers for Factitious Disorder include Single or Recurrent Episodes.

Separating into two opposite constructs

Splitting

Heinz should not steal the medicine because he will consequently be put in prison

Stage one obedience and punishment

During the third session, Helen has difficulties expressing her view and asks you to "just tell them what you think they should do." The MRI therapist should ______________ a position of power and authority with the clients.

Stay clear of Explanation: The MRI therapist should attempt to stay clear of a position of power and authority with the clients. Maintaining a stance of equality helps reduce clients' anxiety and resistance to the process.

Tom reassures Claude that "most women overreact to some degree" and that he is not alone dealing with that sort of issue. It is common to __________ other groups in groupthink scenarios.

Stereotype. Explanation: The group will often form stereotypical impressions of other groups in order to avoid any deviation from views they are trying to uphold.

Vicki began to smoke more after her business became official. In classical conditioning, what is known as a conditioned stimulus being repeated along with another stimulus until the latter alone produces the response?

Stimulus generalization

According to Amy, her life has changed for the better since she was adopted, though she feels "worthless most of the time." Narrative therapy addresses directly the ________ people tell themselves about ________.

Stories; their problems

Betty admits that since her divorce was final ten weeks ago, she has been overeating and doing much less on the job search front. Which variable of the 4 S System does this fall under as it pertains to transitions in life?

Strategies. Explanation: The strategies variable under the 4 S System in Transition Theory relates to what coping mechanisms are being utilized by the individual. Respect is given to the uniqueness of the individual and his/her personal ways of dealing.

As Erica becomes aware of her ego states and their roles in her relationships with her mother, boyfriend, and herself, she becomes more aware of how to identify these states. What is this process referred to?

Structural analysis Explanation: Structural analysis is a tool in which an individual becomes aware of content and functioning behavior of his or her parent, adult, and child within context of his or her own life and relationships.

Joan explains how Becky often has John "completely under her thumb" when it comes to "getting what she wants." Minuchin held that:

Structural issues emerge when one subsystem encroaches on another Explanation: Minuchin believed that dysfunction represented by structural difficulties tends to emerge when one subsystem takes over or encroaches upon another.

Within the transactional analysis theory, strokes represent attention and recognition patterns from parents. As you listen to Erica, you pay attention to how she has in the past and is currently:

Structuring time to receives strokes and which strokes she is surviving on Explanation: Transactional analysis theory pays attention to how people structure their time to get strokes and the life plan they have created out of strokes they feel they can survive on.

Jake explains that he has felt like the "world has revolved around Jane for five years now." A possible limitation of the experiential model of family therapy is that it focuses around ______________, which leaves room for _____________.

Subjective needs; skewed perceptions

Modifies unacceptable feelings to be more socially acceptable

Sublimation

Jerry explains that after he got back from college a year ago, he moved back in with his parents. One thing he has done since his return has been to return to the gym for daily workouts "religiously." This may be an example of:

Sublimation Explanation: Sublimation involves redirecting aggressive energy into other channels, usually more socially acceptable.

psychodynamic sublimation

Sublimation-the act of channeling inappropriate social impulses into socially accepted behavior.

After your eighth session with Don, he shares with you he knows that he is not the "real blame" for his wife's death and that his feelings of sadness were just too much to handle at the time. One of the final goals of cognitive therapy, according to Beck, is to:

Substitute realistic interpretations for the client's faulty cognitions

What is self-talk? Subvocal descriptions of events Using a similar word to remind you of the one you need to remember Writing down the words used in speech Replacing an English term with a corresponding term in another language Previous Submit Answer

Subvocal descriptions of events

Ben is in second grade, but he still sucks his thumb on occasion. What would a behavioral therapist consider to be the "target behavior"? Not sucking the thumb Protecting Ben from ridicule Sucking the thumb Distancing Ben from external stimuli

Sucking the thumb Explanation: The target behavior is the one which the therapist is aiming to decrease or eliminate.

Much of the focus in Sullivan's theory revolved around the conflicts of:

Sullivan considered adolescence to be the most significant period of development; he divided adolescence into three different stages of development.

Don informs you that his niece is currently in graduate school to become a therapist. He asks about your role as a potential supervisor. Which of the following is true?

Supervisors are held liable for their subordinate's actions

Jane leads a discussion with the group on current family connections and resources. What variable of the 4 S System does this discussion involve?

Support. Explanation: The support variable of the 4 S System considers what support systems are currently available to the individual along with other options that may be available if sought out.

Unacceptable feelings are not dealt with

Suppression

From the conjoint family therapy perspective, you are very concerned with the ________ within the family, and your goal is to deal with the family ___________.

Symptoms; pain

Basic types of groups can be divided into:

THERAPY AND COUNSELING GROUPS 1. Natural - these are groups that develop on their own, including families, peers, friends, and gangs. 2. Formed - external factors give rise to these groups that are formed for a specific purpose. 3. Treatment - roles in these groups develop as group members interrelate, so communication is relatively casual and open-ended. 4. Task - with roles often assigned, task group communication tends to reflect the designated task. 5. Personal correction - personal correction groups include psychotherapy, therapy, employee, relief, and mutual help groups. 6. Personal enhancement - types of personal enhancement groups include personal and team development, life transition, and T-group

As you ponder how you would like the family sessions to proceed with five members present, you consider the fact that:

Technique is secondary to the therapeutic relationship

To Sullivan, the most basic interpersonal need is:

Tenderness

. Bill is experiencing perceptions of being misunderstood within his relationship with his wife and his context with work.IN REBT therapy It is important to first understand:

That Bill is experiencing these feelings in the present here and now Explanation: Being present in the here and now for the client implies that he or she is experiencing the emotional disturbance now, and thus the irrational beliefs supporting the claims now as well. Thus, changing patterns of thinking now is highlighted.

. During the first two sessions, several of the group members seem to respond to only you as the group leader. Which group emotional state is characterized by the leader perceived as the "all powerful" member of the group?

The "dependency seeking security" emotional state of the group is characterized by the premise of the leader representing an omnipotent force in the group that will "heal" each member one by one as a wise curing force.

The MRI model is designed to be:

The MRI model is designed to be a brief approach with a limited number of sessions. Previous Question Next Question

utilizing the Adult Transition Theory created by Schlossberg, Goodman, and Anderson to assist members in this phase of their lives. During the first group session, Lee, 37, shares that she has was divorced three months prior and that she has not worked since college. According to the 4 S System of Transitional Theory, what variable does this information represent?

The Situation variable in Adult Transition Theory pertains to the "situation" or what is happening with the adult in transition.

Trudy shares that in her opinion, most of the family issues lie in how they handle problems when they arise. Which of the following is not considered to be one of stages of the preliminary interview, according to Haley?

The action stage Explanation: Haley developed a four-stage process for the preliminary interview that included the social stage, the problem stage, the interaction stage, and the goal-setting stage.

Manifest content of dreams

The apparent content of the dream.

According to TA, what is the consequence to unsuccessful transactions?

The breakdown in communication is responsible for many of our problems he goal is Adult-Adult interaction yet unsuccessful transactions result in many of our problems today. These unsuccessful transactions may become a discouragement instead of an encouragement as "They are an encouragement to reestablish good communication" suggests.

A major factor that might determine how a child is affected during divorce

The child's gender

The feminist family therapist should recognize the power differential between the man and woman as well as the one between:

The client and therapist.

Alderians aim to view the world from?

The clients Objective point of view. Seeing the world from the view of the clients allows therapist to help client more effectively

As a reality theory-based therapist it is important to set up the helpful context from which you can work with Sandy. The cycle of counseling consists of two major components within reality therapy. They are:

The counseling environment and the procedures that lead to change in behavior

What is a positive group leader ship tactic

The counselor listens to each group member and observe the groups interaction

Acute stress disorder

The development of severe anxiety, dissociation and other symptoms that occur within one month after exposure to extreme dramatic stressor

Which of the following statements is false: Psychoanalysis is not much interested in consciously available knowledge. Psychoanalytic therapy is process of allowing unconscious conflicts opportunity to be re-enacted and interpreted in the relationship with the therapist. The diagnostic process for psychoanalytic therapy is primarily symptom-related. Psychoanalytic therapy works towards eliminating the underlying cause of the symptoms.

The diagnostic process for psychoanalytic therapy is primarily symptom-related. Explanation: The overcoming of symptoms is only one of several criteria of success in psychoanalytic therapy. Its primary goal is to remove the underlying cause of the symptoms.

You ask each child and each adult to talk to the idea of how they adapt within the family, with whom they bond, and for what. A key concept of Bowen's systemic model hinges on ________ of the self.

The differentiation Explanation: The differentiation of the self is a key component to Bowen's systemic model. The ability for individuals to differentiate within the family system is vital for change to take place.

Tamela confesses that she never "got into trouble" until she had to move in with "this family." The Milan model contends that the reality of one person changes over time depending on how:

The environment responds to it

One of the first topics of discussion with the family is based on the climate of the current relationships within the family. This is known as: (adlerian)

The family atmosphere

To maintain the continuation of change in the family, which one of the following will NOT be necessary, according to Satir?

The family must adhere strictly to the rules created Explanation: The four components necessary for a continuation of change are a need for a loving atmosphere, need for a sense of trust, need for the contemplated change to be believable, and need for family members to be in limbo throughout the desired change process

During a discussion about family history, Sissy discloses that her mother was sexually abused by her uncle as a young child. Sissy thinks this affects her "negatively" to this day. The method by which unconscious material are passed from one generation to the other is known as:

The family projection process

When referring to primary emotions, emotionally focused therapists mean:

The feelings accessed during therapy. Whatever is accessed during therapy is referred to as primary emotion. Without going too far in depth, primary emotions can trigger more conversation or delve into secondary emotions.

what is the focus of JUNGIAN THERAPY

The focus of this therapy is to help clients live authentically, as who they are intended to be, bringing internal struggles (opposites) into harmony, and to fully individuate in the archetype of wholeness.

Science has become one of Clark's least favorite classes. What stage of Piaget's model of cognitive development hinges on thinking that is abstract and concerned with hypothetical answers?

The formal operations stage

What happens during the final stage of group therapy?

The group summarizes its experience and plans follow-up sessions in order to ensure the group members execute their plans for change today

Tom reassures Claude that "most women overreact to some degree" and that he is not alone dealing with that sort of issue. It is common to __________ other groups in groupthink scenarios.

The group will often form stereotypical impressions of other groups in order to avoid any deviation from views they are trying to uphold.

erry shares that the group has become so much closer as a group once they felt like they weren't totally at fault for their behavior. Within groupthink situations, the group will _______ members _________.

The group will often put pressure on members to conform when groupthink is present.

As the person-centered therapist in this setting, you are referred to as _________ and Harriet as

The helper; the other

As the family shares information on the nature of issues within the family, you pay particular attention to all of the subsystems within the family except:

The individual Explanation: Patterns of interaction repeated across time and situations and families take place in the spouse subsystem, in which the couple's roles are contained, the parental subsystem, in which parenting roles are housed, and the sibling subsystem, in which children's relationship and roles exist.

As a structural family therapist, you are concerned with:

The individual relationships or subsystems within the family Explanation: Structural family therapy looks to understand the individual problems within the family in terms of individual relationships and subsystems present within the unit.

Affiliation

The internal drive or need an individual feels to form attachments with other individuals

REBT Rational emotive behavior therapy

The main goal of REBT is to modify illogical believes to be based on more rational ones.

Three months ago, Brittany developed a cough and became convinced she has lung cancer. She has never smoked and no close relatives have ever had cancer. However, she recalls sitting in a health class and hearing smoker's cough, knowing she has contracted a deadly disease. Brittany has seen five physicians, and no one can quell her fears. Brittany's presentation is most consistent with:

The most accurate diagnosis for this presentation is Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder, Brief illness anxiety disorder. Brittany has all symptoms of Illness Anxiety Disorder, except for duration, which requires 6 months.

You have determined that Becky's behavioral issues at school and her boundary issues at home are the most crucial to the family at this time. According to Minuchin, which issue should be addressed first?

The most compelling issue that has the family's attention

Jerry expresses to you and the family that he is determined to make this family "better." The Milan method proposes working with:

The most motivated family member Explanation: The Milan systemic model proposes working with the most motivated family member. Since one family member can change the system, the most motivated member is a natural place to focus.

Johari's window model of group interaction dictates that in a group setting it is best to

The open window

Jennie discloses that she has often "given up" on trying to communicate with Amy, and subsequently felt "guilty." The narrative family therapist works from a stance that:

The person is not the problem Explanation: The narrative family therapist endorses the technique of externalizing the problem and holding that the person is not the problem.

According to Horney, a person who deals with anxiety by abandoning relationships and being self-focused and socially isolated is:

The person who deals with anxiety by abandoning relationships and being self-focused and socially isolated, is moving away from people. Previous Question Next Question

Case Study: At the request of a doctors group of which you know several of the practitioners as well as two of your individual clients, you form a group to help adults wanting to eat a healthier diet. Two of your clients are diabetics, four are considerably overweight, and the remaining four wish to adopt a very healthy lifestyle of eating. You are utilizing the field theory of Lewin as your group construct. Janice has been overeating since high school in her words. You are curious about what was going on for her when the new behavior started. Lewin held that human behavior is both a function of ________ and _________

The person, environment. Within the field theory of Lewin, behavior is identified as both a function of the person and behavior. This means that behavior is tied to both one's personal characteristics and his/her social situation.

Clark shares with you that his mother has told him that as a child around three years old, he often tended to ignore her and block any sort of communication. The cognitive developmental stage that takes place from ages 2 - 6 is known as ___________, and the most important development in this period is _____________.

The preoperational stage; language

You understand the importance of the presenting symptom of Jeremy's disruptive behavior. Minuchin believed that emotion and behavior expressed by the individual are the result not only of personal history, emotional state, and biology, but are also called forth by:

The present context

The chances of satisfaction during retirement or highest when

The retiree participate in at least two for fufilling activities such as volunteering, caregiving, or devoting time to a hobby

Gestalt therapy encourages the client to plunge into the very thing that causes her anxiety and make contact with parts of herself that she has denied it is called

The reversal technique

Working from the psychoanalytic perspective, you begin to ask Jerry about his personal history, including reports on recent and memorable dreams. The unconscious, even outside of conscious awareness, influences behavior and is:

The root of all forms of neurotic symptoms and behavior Explanation: Unconscious processes represent the root of all neurotic symptoms and behavior, and a cure is based on uncovering the meaning of the symptoms.

Jerry has begun to keep a dream journal in which he can share content of dreams in therapy sessions. Freud saw dreams as:

The royal road to the unconscious Explanation: Dream analysis is an important procedure for uncovering unconscious material because during sleep, defenses are lowered and repressed material has chance to surface. Freud saw dreams as the "royal road to the unconscious."

Joan asks you to explain how confidentiality works again for all family members to understand. When involving client information, the holder of the privilege is considered to be:

The said client Explanation: The holder of the privilege is always the client, who has the legal right to waive privilege. The therapist cannot reveal information against the client's wishes unless ordered by the court.

Systemic Family Therapy. Which is the most appropriate definition for equifinality?

The same outcome may be achieved via many different paths

object relations therapy principles and concepts

The self exists in relation to other objects. interpersonal relationships exist intrapsychically. Early childhood patterns tend to repeat. Object relates to other of which child becomes attached. Other represents entity to which infant percieves gratifying needs. Object representations are not always accurate representations.

After three sessions, you become convinced that Jerry and Mary are parenting in one household as two individual families. Within the Milan model, the part of therapy where validation of the hypothesis takes place is known as:

The session Explanation: The second part of the five-step Milan model involves what they termed "session," whereby the therapist validates and potentially modifies his or her original hypothesis.

In cognitive behavioral therapy what theory states that most people strive to maximum rewards and minimize costs in the relationships

The social exchange theory

According to Sullivan, _____________ is the most advanced of the modes of experience.

The syntaxic mode is adult logical thinking and synthesis of past, present, and future.

The main difference between our RBT and cognitive therapy is?

The therapeutic relationship

How does denial play a part in the analyst client relationship

The therapist denies that the client may be reacting negatively to him or her

What may adlerian therapist asked client to do to help achieve their goals?

The therapist may assign homework, set up contracts between them and the client and make suggestions to have client reach their goals

John reveals that he and Sylvia considered divorce two years ago but decided against it. When doing marital and family counseling:

The therapist may need to know terms of a divorce decree in order to assist in providing safety and protection for minors participating in counseling

If a therapist wants to express a professional opinion or stabbers a differential diagnosis in a clients record what is the correct procedure

The therapist should begin by labeling the entry as either a clinical opinion or differential diagnosis

What characteristic is not true of crisis intervention

The therapist should maintain a non-directive stance

Mary admits that while her relationship with Tamela is not close in nature, it is not adversarial either. You sense that the relationship may very well be strained. The Milan model holds that _________ is responsible for change within the family.

The therapy Explanation: The Milan model holds that the therapy is responsible for first-order change within the family and that the therapist needs to basically manipulate and outwit the family and their games on the way to improved communication.

The primary focus of rational emotive behavior therapy is to suggest changes in---that will lead to changes in ---thereby alleviating or improving symptoms.

The therapy emphasizes changing irrational thinking patterns that caused emotional distress into thoughts that are more reasonable and rational.

Barbara, 61, is a new member who suddenly lost her husband two months ago. According to the 4 S System, this is an example of a(n) __________ transition.

The unanticipated transition is characterized by an event that was not expected for the individual.

Jennifer claims that she is very frustrated with how she and Tom have difficulties communicating about parenting techniques. One primary goal of Adlerian family therapy is to help parents to rediscover:

Their ability to work together as leaders

You explain the history of your agency as well as your professional credentials during the first session with Jenny and Raul. Laws that apply to therapists are intended to regulate:

Therapist behavior Explanation: Laws are written to address therapist behavior. Ethics cover a wide range of other issues.

Genuiness

Therapist honestly communicates emotions and experiences.

Bill tells the therapist in session that his culture places a large emphasis on males within the family taking on the larger share of income responsibility within the family. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the challenges of multicultural counseling?

Therapists do not have the explicit duty of helping clients discover why they are in counseling Explanation: It is important for the therapist to understand how cultural dimensions influence both the therapist and the client in this relationship. By increasing one's awareness, the therapist can help to broaden the knowledge base of multicultural awareness and reduce tendencies toward encapsulation.

What is one of the five types of group counseling

Therapy groups

According to the social constructionism view

There are no absolute truths in the world

Which of the following is the biggest limitation of case studies of therapy patients: Case studies cannot be carried out in real environments It is unethical to study patients in case studies as pressure is forced upon an individual There is no way of knowing if the things one has learned about an individual apply to individuals in general Cannot provide a definite causal explanation

There is no way of knowing if the things one has learned about an individual apply to individuals in general Explanation: Each case is different and different people react in different ways to different therapies.

Anxious attachment partners looks like:

They are overly sensitive to cues that their partner will abandon them. As a result, they become overly clingy and dependent on their romantic partners.

According to Kohlberg what does it mean to say that moral reasoning stages are universal

They occur all around the globe

Hallucinations

Things are sensed (seen, heard, felt, smelled, tasted) that are not present: a psychotic symptom: auditory hallucinations are most common.

Don shares with you a dream he had the night before in which his wife, while sitting in the pool, tells him that she wants him to prepare supper. Beck put a primary importance on:

Thinking and not unconscious motives

Law of effect

Thorndike: When behaviors are followed by positive gratification, the behaviors are likely to occur.

Obsessions

Thoughts and urges that are irrational or intrusive.

Behavioral therapy In terms of negotiation, behavioral therapists work on assessment: At the interim session Throughout the therapy process After progress is detailed In the initial sessions only

Throughout the therapy process

When asked, one of the children talks about feeling as if he or she has to compete for everything. Which child is this and what characteristics are involved?

Tim, the second-born, middle child Explanation: According to Adlerian theory, the middle child has a tendency to live life as a competition for limited resources.

Compulsions

Time consuming and ritualistic actions(physical or mental) that a person feels driven to do

Paresthesias

Tingling or numbness sometimes felt during a panic attack.

Within the context of Rogerian counseling, one of the goals for Harriet to attain is:

To be more in contact with the present moment and less bound by the past, with increased trust in herself to manage her own life

What is the main goal of Hippa

To control health care costs through a standardized and simplified insurance claim process

In Emotionally Focused Therapy, what is the therapist's goal in steps 3 and 4 of stage 1?

To help partners access their primary emotions, which are typically outside the awareness of each partner, and to help the couple see their cycles and patterns that are influenced by each other's emotional responses and attachment needs. Sometimes the therapist can use a simple diagram that shows each persons position in the cycle. The diagram could first list that one attacks and one withdraws. Then the couple's secondary emotions like anger and frustration could be on the second line. The last line would show their primary emotions, such as fear or sadness for one partner and loneliness for the other.

What is the purpose of a collateral source

To provide objective information to verify or supplements a8aclients verbal record

Sandy reports that she is depressed, and as a reality-based therapist, you acknowledge that this sort of thinking implies passivity. It is more accurate to say that she is actually "depressing," taking on the behavioral aspect of the condition. According to Glasser, which one of these reasons is not accurate in terms of why a person would choose misery?

To scapegoat his or her behavior Explanation: Why does it make sense to choose misery? Glasser identifies three reasons: 1) to keep anger under our control, 2) to get others in our surroundings to help us, and 3) to excuse our unwillingness to do something more effective.

The ABC theory of personality made up of a facilitating event, a belief, emotional and behavioral consequence, a disputing intervention, and an effect, followed by a new feeling, is primarily used by therapist to:

Transform an unrealistic and absolute style of thinking and behaving into a mature and logical way of being Explanation: The ABC Theory of Personality is central to rational emotive behavior therapy and is based on the premise that humans are largely responsible for creating own emotional reactions.

What stage is a group in when there is an increase in the expression of negative emotions, confrontation, and fears at the group leader is incompetent

Transition

Repression

Traumatic events and undesirable thoughts are buried in the unconscious.

Female Orgasmic Disorder

absent or delayed minimal orgasms, or limited intensity in orgasms when engaged in all sexual activity.May be in specific context, such as when partnered, or in general. symptoms must occur all or most of the encounters( specific context or general). Symptoms are not attributed to partner distress, life stressors, substances, medical or mental health issues.

Penny describes Jeremy and Julie as being "mortal enemies" anymore. Bowen's family system theory holds that sibling conflict may be the result of:

Triangular relationships Explanation: The family system theory of Bowen holds that triangular relationships may help to create sibling conflict. An example scenario may exist where a coalition forms between a child and a parent, creating jealousy and antagonism with the other child.

A nurse constantly pulls the hair out of her head and now has a bald spot. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Trichotillomania

As a person-centered therapist, you accept and understand Harriet to be

Trustworthy and to have the ability to understand and resolve problems Explanation: Roger's basic philosophy included the belief that clients are basically trustworthy and have a vast potential for understanding themselves and resolving problems without direct interventions on the part of the therapist.

Informal or emergency civil commitment

Two doctors can sign a commitment order for a short length of time (24 hours to 20 days).

You ask Jennifer and Tom to talk about their family in terms of what happens on a normal daily basis. The Adlerian technique you are using is:

Typical day Explanation: The technique of "typical day" is used to help parents get started talking about the family issues by discussing events that happen throughout the average day for all involved.

In Bandura's triadic reciprocal causation hypothesis, the three factors (behavior, environment, and person):

Typically depends on which factor is the strongest. Bandura does not suggest that the three factors in the triadic reciprocal causation model make equal contributions to behavior. The relative influence of behavior, environment, and person depends on which factor is strongest at any particular moment.

Projection

Unacceptable desires are attributed to other people as a defense mechanism.

Displacement

Unacceptable emotions are redirected from dangerous objects or safer ones with this defense mechanism.

his technique involves the therapist taking sides with someone temporarily in order to change a subsystem:

Unbalancing involves the therapist taking sides with someone temporarily in order to change a subsystem.

Systemic Family Therapy. ______________ is NOT a key concept in Milan family therapy.

Unbalancing was a technique used by Minuchin.

Latent content of dreams

Unconscious desires that are masked by symbols in dreams.

Adapting Piaget's theory of cognitive development, you are curious about Clark's past learning history because humans develop through attempting to:

Understand and adapt to their environments

Empathy

Understanding the clients perspective.

Harriet discloses that she is not real comfortable talking about issues with strangers. You recognize that as clients feel more_______________, their _________________ becomes less necessary within the person-centered setting.

Understood and accepted; defensiveness

During the second session, Jeremy shares that he is tired of all the fighting in the house, especially between his mom and sister. Bowen believed that _________ react emotionally to others.

Undifferentiated people Explanation: Bowen believed that excessively emotional reactions toward family members more often than not came from undifferentiated people.

Acting in a right way to reverse wrong behavior

Undoing

During the eighth session, Jerry states that he does not see anyone "having the specific problem." The narrative family therapist works to separate persons from problems and:

Unite the family to fight a common enemy

To Ellis, and irrational idea is typically

Unrealistic or untrue

Borderline personality disorder

Unstable, unpredictable, fearful of abandonment, impulsive, reckless, maybe financially and responsible, abuse substances and have unsafe sex.

General Systems theory- applications

Useful for a family with a history together. applies to multigenerational settings. Helpful if there is some emotional bonding within the family members. Families that are motivated to improve functioning. Those families with multiple issues such as belief systems, value systems, hierarchy, and rules.

THERAPY AND COUNSELING GROUPS

Using unconscious needs and past experiences to prompt positive change is the purpose of group therapy. Not just for those with specific problems, group therapy appeals to well-adjusted folks who seek self-improvement. Nevertheless, since counseling groups may address neurotic (and in some settings, psychotic) disorders, group leaders typically hold advanced degrees in therapy, psychology, social work, or psychiatry. Dealing primarily with personal, career, educational, or other conscious problems, group therapy requires skilled, but less advanced, training. Group therapy is not long-term; resolutions are expected to come in a relatively short time

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Usually shows symptoms in childhood continuing through adolescence and early adulthood

Once the Structural therapist has joined and accommodated to a family system, he/she can then:

Utilize restructuring maneuvers to transform the family structure

Systemic Family Therapy. During the session with the family, the Milan team would:

Validate or modify the hypothesis

Bandura defined social modeling as:

Vicarious experiences Social modeling is best defined as the vicarious experiences provided by others. Self-efficacy tends to be increased when a person observes people of equal ability or competences performing an activity. Typically, if a person observes someone of equal ability succeed at a task, self-efficacy is raised whereas it tends to be lowered if an individual witnesses a peer fail. Bandura also suggested that self-efficacy is not affected if one observes somebody who is dissimilar and that the effects of vicarious experiences could last a lifetime.

A teenager has taken up bird watching so as not to appear suspicious when watching women undress from his window. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Voyeuristic Disorder

In TA, how is the Adult ego state an integration of the Parent and Child ego states?

We take the best from the past and use it appropriately in the present. In the Parent state we ask for information rather than stay scared and rather than make assumptions. Taking the best from the past and using it appropriately in the present is an integration of the positive aspects of both our Parent and Child ego states.

What assessment instrument would you use for attention deficit hyper activity disorder

Wexler IQ test, adult attention deficit disorder evaluation scale, Home version or self-report version or work version, attention deficit hyper activity disorder test

To better understand Erica's relationship with herself and her mother, you are curious about injunctions passed down to Erica during childhood. These messages are passed from parents to children and tell children:

What they have to do and be in order to get recognition Explanation: An injunction is a message given to a child by the parent's internal child out of the parent's experiences with his or her own issues that may involve anxiety, frustration, or anger.

What are things to look for in assessing attachment history?

What was the client's model for attachment? How did the client's caregivers fight or solve problems? Did the client have any secure relationships with a dependable parental figure? Did the client suffer any abuse or loss? It is important to know who the partners are turning to now for comfort and support.

Late in the session, Sandy asks you ,the therapist, if you could tell her how her oldest son did in therapy and what his main concerns were when he was in counseling. You understand that confidentiality guidelines are very important but have limits under all of the following circumstances except:

When a parent of a client seen as a minor requires access to the record Explanation: While confidentiality is not an absolute, clients and therapists need guidelines to determine limits. Situations when therapists must legally report include the following: 1) when clients pose a risk to themselves or others, 2) when the therapist believes that a client who is a minor has been the victim of incest, rape, child abuse, or some other crime, 3) when the therapist determines a client needs hospitalization, and 4) when information is made an issue in a court action.

Leon Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory

When an individuals attitudes or behaviors are not in line with one another cognitive dissonance occurs. An individual will change his attitude to be more consistent with behavior.

When family rules promote the use of unsuccessful more-of-the-same solutions:

When family rules promote the use of unsuccessful more-of-the-same solutions, both the solution used and the rule must change in order to break the cycle of homeostasis.

If an employee is seeking counseling through EAP his supervisor can have access to what information

Whether or not the employee needs treatment

According to Horney, a man's envy of woman's ability to bear children describes:

Womb envy It was Horney who first claimed that men were envious of the ability women had to bear children and that they masked this with career pursuits and other external achievements.

Bertalanffy's general systems theory). James begins session by stating that, in his opinion, the family has been having trouble since Timmy and Jeffrey started their new school year in separate buildings. Bertalanffy surmised a framework to observe how families and individual members or organisms ________ to accomplish one result.

Work together

The process of working through transference with Jerry is known as:

Working through Explanation: Working through transference involves of an exploration of unconscious material and defenses that have primarily originated in early childhood.

Feminist family therapy applications

Working to change oppressive behaviors in families and society. families with gender role issues and stereotypical behavior carried over from childhood. Also used in teaching, supervision and ethics.

As a narrative therapist one of the ways to keep therapists in clients more closely aligned is bye

Writing collaborative casenotes to guarantee that you will not misrepresent the clients reality as it is conveyed to you also gives a strong sense of participation in the clients own therapy

Reaction Formation

Wrong feelings are converted into their opposite with this defense mechanism.

Yalom believed that __________ rather than __________, is the presiding principle in the group therapy setting.

Yalom held that although some degree of transparency to be important, responsibility, rather than total disclosure, is the presiding principle for the group. And for this reason, the group therapist should guard against being completely self-disclosing.

Question to ask for possible depression

a complete history of symptoms. when the symptoms started, how long they lasted, how severe were symptoms, if they had symptoms before, how they were treated, was it succesful. any other family members with depresession.

A father punishes his older daughter for fighting with her younger sister. This punishment reinforces the belief the older daughter has that her father loves her sister more causing her to fight even more with her younger sister. In MRI therapy this is an example of:

a misguided solution that is maintaining the problem

psycho dynamic- projection

a process in which the individual assigns unacceptable thoughts of oneself on to another.

The Internal State Scale (ISS)

a self-report instrument that has been validated for discriminating mood states in patients with bipolar disorder.

Parasomnias

abnormal behavior during sleep.

Exhibitionistic Disorder

sexual arousal associated with exposure of genitals to a non cons, unsuspecting person. History of at least one behavioral episode of acting out. :element of risk important to the arousal.

Piaget- adaptation

accommodation and assimilation help balance the structure of the mind with the environment. Most of us call this learning. when accommodation and assimilation reach a congruency it indicates one has a good model of the universe. This ideal state Piaget calls equalibrium.

When you are dealing w symptoms of irritability, you need to think about:

acute stress disorder, antisocial personality disorder, attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder, bipolar I, bipolar II, Borderline personality disorder, conduct disorder, cyclothymic disorder, delusional disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, persistent depressive disorder.

when your dealing w someone who shows an inability to maintain attention/poor concentration, you need to think about:

acute stress disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar I, Bipolar II, cyclothymic disorder, delirium, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, schizoaffective disorder.

when you are dealing w someone who blunted/flat/constricted affect, you need to think about:

acute stress disorder, major depressive episode, obsessive compulsive personality disorder, persistent depressive disorder, personality disorder due to another medical condition, post traumatic stress disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizophrenia.

Jung therapy shadow work

addresses the qualities that do not fit our image of ourselves - anger, hatred, jealousy, greed, lust, and shame. It also addresses behaviors that are not culturally acceptable such as aggression, addiction, and dependency. The goal is to integrate parts of ourselves that we try to hide from.

when you are dealing w someone who shows signs of antisocial behavior, You need to think about:

adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct, adjustment disorder w mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, conduct disorder, and delusional disorder,

Female orgasmic disorder

after normal sexual desire and arousal, delay or absence of orgasm.

Dimensions of Personal Identity

age, gender, race, sexual identity, Physical and mental well being, religion, military, career experience, physical or geographical location, historical events and periods when individual is living.

When you are dealing w someone who is restricting their travel away from home you need to think about.

agoraphobia, avoidant personality, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, delusional disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia.

Jung therapy Journaling

allows the client to keep track of thoughts, feelings and behaviors so they can see their progress during therapy.

intellectual insight

alone will not resolve symptoms -old patterns must be confronted.

Psychoactive drugs

alter thinking/ emotions/behavior: stimulants, depressants, opiates,hallucinogens.

when you are dealing w someone who shows a disturbance in appetite, you need to think about:

anorexia nervosa, Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Bulimia nervosa, Cannabis intoxication, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, stimulant withdrawal,tobacco withdrawal.

When you are dealing w someone who is self inducing vomiting, you need to think about:

anorexia nervousa, Bulimia nervosa, factitious disorder.

When you are dealing w someone who is constantly lying you need to think about:

antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, factitious disorder, gambling disorder.

psychodynamic- unconscious processes

are at root of neurotic systems

For albert Bandura learning involves what 3 processes

attention, retention and reproduction as informed by motivation.

When you are dealing w someone who is engaged in social isolation you need to think about:

autism spectrum disorder, avoidant personality disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizotypal personality disorder.

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

begins in the first 10 years of childhood is commonly characterized by avoiding certain types of food.aversion to particular colors and textures. eating small portions, fearful of eating secondary to an eversion episode (choking, emesis, and food poisoning) lack of interesting food or appetite. as a result, individuals fail to meet nutritional needs. Do not meet expected weight gain or growth is impaired. if the symptoms of this disorder exist concurrent to another disorder the eating issues must be significantly beyond what is customary for the co-occurring disorder and require specific clinical intervention.

bulimia mild moderate or severe

binging/purging 1-3 times/week is considered mild, 4-7 episodes is moderate, 8-13 episodes is severe, and 14 or more is extreme.

Pedophillic Disorder

sexual arousal in regard to children

When you are dealing w someone who is experiencing fatigue or decrease in energy you need to think about:

bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, persistent depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea hypopenea, personality change due to another medical condition, prementrual dysphoric disorder, schizoaffective disorder.

Whatexperiment was albert bandura famous for

bobo doll studies

when you are dealing w someone who shows labile affect, you need to think about:

borderline personality disorder, delirium, personality disorder due to another medical condition, schizzoaffective disorder, schizophrenia.

counseling process cont

both male and female therapists. encourage culturally fair and nongendered interpretations for psychological theories. acknowledge that gender role strain falls on both genders, male gender roles can be problematic too. Family system viewed as powerful vehicle to make meaningful change. Goal to mobilize the process of change within the family. Therapists to get family memebers to learn to accept appropriate responsibility.

psychanalytic multicultural implications

can emphasize strengths rather than faults to help build identities with other multicultural groups. minority youth may have more complicated youth because of dual cultural identities. Training of psychodynamic therapists encourage value of intensive psychotherapy which may help them become more aware of counter transference.

Generalized anxiety disorder

chronic anxiety and worry for at least six months.

the building and maintenance roles with in group therapy

conciliator, gatekeeper, facilitator, observer, and follower.The building and maintenance roles that are characterized by members that have tendency to offer thinking solutions are known as compromisers or neutralizers.

CS

conditioned stimulus is a nuetral stimulus that is pair with an unconditional stimulus. Example Pavlovs bell

Risk factor

conditions that increase the likelihood of getting a disorder.

A 10-year-old is stealing from fellow students and causes harm to them by beating them up. What is the most likely diagnosis?

conduct disorder

Sandy identifies stress as having a big influence on her day-to-day and moment-to-moment states. As a reality therapist, you understand that external factors we identify as "stressful" are so identified because we are not able to ___________ them with the ____________ we choose.

control; behaviors

Clark and Clark Doll Study

demonstrate internalized racism. Black children were more likely to choose a white doll to play with and when asked to color a figure with their own skin color they often chose a color that was lighter in shade than their own skin.

When conducting an extended family assessment, Bowenian therapists begin by gathering information from the family about the:

description and history of the presenting problem Bowenian therapists conduct extended family assessments, by beginning to gather information about the description and history of the presenting problem. While gathering this information, the therapist writes down exact dates and later on these dates are evaluated to determine their relationship with events that took place in the family life cycle.

Psychodynamic therapy

deterministic view of human behavior. Behavior influenced by irrational influences, unconscious motivation, instructional drives mostly created in first 6 years of life.

ECT

electroconvulsive therapy in which seizures are produced by sending electrical impulses through the brain.

The nuclear family emotional process describes:

emotional forces in a family system that function over the years in repeated patterns Bowen describes the nuclear family emotional process as an ongoing process that occurs in a family system over the years. During this process, emotional forces are operating in the family system and develop into patterns that continue to repeat themselves throughout the years.

Alderian counseling process

encouragement is most powerful method for changing ones beliefs. Purpose of therapy is to teach and inform. study of birth order is stressed. Important to view world from clients subjective experience.

bandura rewarding response self efficacy

feeling good about yourself and doing the right thing that moved you toward prefered direction

Gender Dysphoria

feeling incongruence between his experienced and expressed gender.

What is the primary task of the "launching of children" stage of the family life cycle?

for parents to let go of their children and go back to their own lives. During the launching of children and moving on stage the parents need to let go of their children and get a hold of their own lives again. This can be a very liberating experience if they have had healthy attachments with their children or can be a very stressful and sad time if they have fused attachments to their children.

Object relations techniques and strategies

free association. Making the unconscious conscious particularly involving perceptions of relationships from childs perspective. Resistance interpretation.Therapist consciously avoids being pulled into the maladaptive patterns. Assist client to observe projections from previous relationships within therapeutic actions. Therapist assists in illuminating patterns of manipulation to establish and maintaine relationships.

psychodynamic- rationalization

giving to an undesirable behavior a socailly acceptive motive.

bandura self response of punishment

having negative responses to actions we did that were not positive and did not help us out. compensation, inactivity, apathy or depression or escape through drugs or alcohol. ultimate escape suicide. people could overcome their phobias simply by watching models approach, self talk and handle phobia.

transactional analysis (TA) which of the following are ineffective communication modes of the Parent?

he Negative Controlling Parent and the Negative Nurturing Parent are both ineffective communication modes

What is a guiding principle of Bowenian therapy?

increasing the ability to distinguish between thinking and feeling Increasing the ability to distinguish between thinking and feeling is one of the guiding principles of Bowenian therapy. This ability can be used in resolving relationship conflicts.

Bowenian Therapy. What could happen if an adolescent leaves the family system too early when he/she is turning into an adult?

individual could experience an unfinished transformation of the relationship with the parents to an adult relationship and could carry around a sense of unfinished business. Most individuals leave their home when they are transitioning from adolescence into adulthood. At this time, the relationships between the parents and children is transforming and even though leaving the system at this time is typical, it is not optimal since it leaves the transformation to an adult parent/child relationship incomplete and can impede the individual from becoming fully differentiated causing him or her to carry unfinished business and he or she might continue to act like an adolescent in the presence of the parents.

Feminist family therapy-

initiated in 1960's and 70's. Gender-sensitive at the core and throughout the process. It is a philosophy not just techniques. Based on the premise of inferoir status of women. Basis of therapy on reasons for inherent inequality. acknowledges gender roles. theory considers the socialization effect of gende roles.

Facticious Disorder

intentional production or feigning of physical or psychological signs and symptoms. Ones motivation is to assume the sick role.External incentives are absent. (economic gain, avoiding legal responsibility, etc).

Jung therapy Rituals

involves a series of actions involving the entire family in a sequence of steps, forming a play that is to be enacted under specific circumstances. An example of a ritual is a family sitting together daily, each getting equal time to speak well of the family, with no negative opinions allowed.

Jung therapy Individuation

involves the development of the individual's personality via making conscious the individual's unconscious and the collective unconscious tendencies. It is considered to be both a goal and something to develop throughout the lifespan.

Jung therapy Sandplay

involves the use of a tray of sand for free expression, often used with figures, symbols, avatars, or other miniature objects. This engages both children and adults in free expression and has been used successfully in a variety of trauma work.

psychodynamic- unconscious

is inferred through behavior

psychodynamic- consciousness

is merely a small portion of the total mind.

Bandura social learning theory

learning through observation and modeling,

Psychodynamic therapy

life instincts central to theory. life goals surrond around gaining pleasure and avoiding pain. As humans we are not condemned to be victims of self destruction and agression. libido goes beyond sexual energy

limitations continued

limitations on theory based on feminist perspective. Techniques may be complicated and require too much time. Anonymous role of therapist may be too restrictive.

when you are seeing a client with alcoholism

medical referral, counseling goals, increase responsible behaviors, explore family and peer coalitions that maintain maladaptive behaviors

Counseling process psycho analytic

necessary for feelings and memories to be experienced as well. Blank screen approach of therapist which is anonymous stance. Neutral stance on part of therapist allow for transference relationship to develop. client makes personal projections on to therapist.

principles and concepts

neurosis occurs when superego imposes guilt on the ego to inhibit impulse of id. anxiety is a state of tension that motivates behavior. Defense mechanisms provide protection against negative feelings associated with events.

Fetishistic Disorder

sexual attraction associated with objects, chronic and reccurrent fantasies or urges or behaviors.

bobo punching bag bandura

observational learning- learning can take place with observation, 1. attention.2. retention- mental ability to keep that idea in your head, mental images, and verbal discriptions. 3. reproduction, the ability to act out what you have learned. motivation.

cannibis withdrawl

occurs following the heavy chronic use of cannabis. w/i one week of cessation at least 3 of the following symptoms. irritable mood, anxiousness, sleep disturbance (nightmares, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, waking early). weight or appetite loss.feeling keyed up, depressed mood, physical manifestation,( GI upset, tremors, headache, flu like symptoms. Symptoms lead to functional impairment or distress in at least one significant life area and are not better accounted for by another substance, a medical condition, or mental health condition. the presence of withdrawal also indicated the individual has cannabis use disorder at the moderate of sever level. a mild use disorder cannot coexist with this diagnosis.

schizotypal personality disorder

odd beliefs,perhaps of being psychic or having magic powers: unusual speech; problems with interpersonal relationships; sometimes psychotic episodes.

psychoanalytic therapy counseling process

one goal is to make the unconscious conscious. childhood experiences are discussed and analyzed. self understanding is nessesary.

Jungian therapy technique Active imagination

one identifies an entity (i.e. shadow figure, anima, maternal figure, male) through a dream or other scene, and he/or she activates attention to the figure through meditation. The client is invited to enter the scene and dialogue with the entity, usually one that has qualities opposite the ego, thereby accessing rejected elements and availing them to the conscious mind. This may be done in writing, art, sculpting, dance, or other medium.

Freuds psychosexual stages of development

oral birth -age 2 anal ages 2-3 Phallic age 3-6 Latency age 6- puberty Genital puberty -old age

bandura self regulation

our ability to control ourselves through our desire and willingness to control our own behavior. depends on 3 things 1. self observation.- knowing what you are doing 2. judgment, compare your actions to others.3. self response, in a way that positively moved you in a direction you wanted to be.

albert bandura

our environment works on us but in turn, we work on our environment. its a 2 way/3 way street. the cognitive process that goes on in our heads.reciprocal determinism. father of cognitive movement.

Trichotillomania

pecifically recurrent hair pulling, hair loss in that area, distress, and an inability to stop. The behavior all centers on hair pulling, so this rules out Pica and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. It is estimated that 30% of people who pull hair eat their hair.s

principles and concepts

personality structure made of 3 . ID original system and seats all of instncts. Ego possesses contact with outside world. super ego- the moral code of personality representing the ideal versus the real side of personality.

depression in children symptoms

pretend to be sick, refuse to go to school, cling to a parent, worry that a parent may die. older children may get into trouble at school, sulk, be negative and grouchy,or feel misunderstood. it is difficult to tell if a child is going through a temporary phase or depression because children may react differently depending on what childhood stage they are at.

Eros

primarily sexual, the life instinct or life drive.

PHI

protected health information.All information that would identify an individual including medical records and health information.

psychoanalytic multicultural implications cont

psychoanalytic approaches based on upper and middle-class values that are not shared by minorities. Intrapsychic analysis may be intrusive or long term for some.

Dream Analysis

psychoanalytic technique in which dreams are interpreted in order to un bury repressed desires.

Feminist family therapy- theoretical contstructs

recognizing unequal status in families and society and reasons contributing. Parenting not sole responsibility of women. Men are generally socialized to be task focused. Women are socialized to be emotional caretakers. Concept of masculinity is shaped by separation. Femininity is primarily defined by attachment. Men are threatened by intimacy. Women are threatened by separation. socially prescribed roles must be addressed in therapy. Mixed messages are prevalent due to socialization factors in both genders. Understand the gender lens that client looks through.

Intrarole conflict

refers to the conflict between two individuals who feel different expectations for the fulfillment of the same role.

For diagnosis of persistant depressive disorder (dysthymia)

requires symptoms of either one year of either irratible mood or depressed with 2 other symptoms.

Schizophrenform Disorder

same symptoms of schizophrenia but duration is less than 6 months.

Post traumatic stress disorder PTSD

sometimes develops after a traumatic event. exceeds 1 month and reoccurring memories of the event. other symptoms are emotional withdrawal, intrusive memories, emotional numbing, increased psychological arousal. trauma include abductions, rape, incest, combat. treatment psychoeducational, CBC, psychodynamic. reduce isolation. May last many years or shorter duration. Rapid treatment has been shown to reduce more rapid symptoms. Borderline personality disorder may be related to childhood trauma. Some believe borderline personality disorder is related to childhood trauma. clinical history and psychosocial history needed. Family dynamics and emotional functioning important to assess. if in crisis, crisis intervention may be necessary. Medical eval is important. refer to support groups.stress reduction techniques. exposure most effective treatment but caution because symptoms can worsen. Exposure is repeated discussion of the event. validation of individual trauma and damage is crucial. reappraisal of event helpful. for sexual abuse having the client imagine to have a baseball bat at time of abuse and explore possible alternatives. Prozac and zoloft most commonly used antidepressants for this disorder.

What is a person that is quick to argue personal solutions to problems - bragging

superiority complex

psychodynamic -introjection

taking and swallowing the values of others

Bandura recerpical determinism

the environment behavior and the cognitive process formed a triangele by which we come to be who we are.

Rorschach inkblot test

the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

existential therapists focus on

the present and future.The therapist tries to help the client see they are free and to see the possibilities for their future. They will challenge the client to recognize that he / she themselves were responsible for the events in their life. This type of therapy is well suited in helping the client to make good choices or in dealing with life.

Piaget- accommodation

the process of altering or revising an existing schema in light of new information.

Attitudes

the theme of attitudes can be found in almost every area of social psychology. An individuals beliefs/thoughts, feelings/emotions, and behavioral patterns must be taken into account when considering an individuals attitudes. Many attitude theories revolve around changing or modifying an individuals attitudes.

Narrative therapy

therapist works with the person to co-author the story. working to help the person reauther the story in terms that will have positive out come for client. the emphasis is on the story. They look for a thick or rich narrative. as opposed to a thin narrative that only has one outcome. An alternative narrative that tells the story in a different way. The person is not the problem the problem is the problem. a narrative is a random chain of events.

when a case includes social or work impairment or a client reacting to a stressor in a maladaptive manner

this could be a adjustment disorder

General Systems theory-limitations

too much focus on system theory. May be too vague and general for some families. Difficult to put into operation within family. Difficult to validate research. May be difficult to explain to some families. Inherent assumption within theory that all parts have equal power. Limited recognition of power, contrasts with feminist theory. Ignores gender concerns.

Positive effects of amphetamines

treatment of narcolepsy and hypersomnia, improved mood, reduce fatigue, and weight loss.