CRANIAL AND FACIAL BONES ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CT
LeFort Fractures
"floating face" level of maxillas
orbital blowout fracture
- Blunt trauma by something larger than the orbital rim - Infraorbital nerve damage may occur resulting in loss of sensation to areas it innervates
LINEAR SKULL FRACTURE
--most common type, resembles a line. --no gross deformities.
hydrocephalus
Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain.
basilar artery
An artery, formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries, that supplies blood to the brainstem and to the posterior cerebral arteries.
arachnoid cyst
An enlarged, fluid-filled area of the subarachnoid space
Ping-Pong Skull Fracture
BONE IS BENT NOT BROKEN
depressed skull fracture
CAVE INTO CRANIAL CAVITY OFTEN COMMINUTED (SEVERAL PIECES)
ZYGOMATIC ARCH
CONNECTION BETWEEN FACIAL AND CRANIAL BONES
SELLA TURCICA
HOUSES PITUITARY GLAND CENTER OF BASE OF SKULL
MAXILLARY SINUSESQ
LARGEST FORM FLOOR OF ORBITS
BASILAR SKULL FRACTURE
MOST SEVERE LIKE LINEAR BUT OCCURS IN BASE OF THE SKULL ASSOCIATED WITH TEARS IN DURAMATER AND CAN RESULT IN CSF LEAKAGE
TEMPORAL BONE
PETROUS PORTIONS CONTAIN MASTOID AIR CELLS
DORSUM SELLAE
POSTERIOR PORTION OF SELLA TURCICA
ZYGOMATICOMAXILLARY FACIAL FRACTURE
SEPERATION OF ZYGOMA FROM REST OF FACE
NASAL SEPTUM
SUPERIORLY: PERPENDICULAR PLATE OF ETHMOID INFERIORLY: VOMER
SPHENOID BONE
TOUCHES EVERY OTHER CRANIAL BONE
ETHMOID SINUSES
TOWARD ANTERIOR PORTION OF CRANIUM BETWEEN ORBITS
lateral ventricle
The CSF-filled space within each cerebral hemisphere.
corpus callosum
a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain.
midbrain
above pons
arterial venous malformation (AVM)
artery grows into vein appears as web of dilated vessels
epidural hemorrhage
associated with trauma and cranium fx cresent shaped blood on surface protrudes into cranial cavity
most common brain cancer
astrocytomas 35% of all brain tumors
pineal gland
at level of lateral ventricles
brain aneurysm
ballooning or dilation of blood vessel
medulla oblongata
below pons
Lambdoidal
between occipital and parietal bones
subarachnoid hemmorrage
bleeding around circle of willis caused by ruptured aneurysm type of stroke neurologic deficits
pons
center portion of brain stem
lefort fractures type 1
fx runs between maxillary floor and orbital floor
intracranial hemorrhage
hemorrhagic stroke results from ruptured vessels results in edema, mass effect, limited blood supply
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
ischemic stroke
limited/loss of blood flow to the brain appears dark on CT due to absence of blood flow
stroke
loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain
lefort fractures type 3
one side of face to the other, completely through orbits
hemmorrhagic stroke
rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
tentorium
separates cerebrum from cerebellum
Longintudinal Fissure
separates right and left hemispheres
lateral fissure
separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
SAGITTAL SUTURE
seperates 2 parietal bones
coronal suture
the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull
lefort fractures type 2
triangular shape
subdural hemmorhage
usually a result from trauma appears on surface of brain may include new or coagulated blood follows contour of cranium