creativity exam 1
the democratic view of creativity
"The American ideology of democracy is the deep-rooted belief that everyone is equal. Many Americans today use "creative" as a complimentary term of praise. This ideology leads to a fear of making value-laden distinctions, a tendency to believe that everyone is creative, and that no one should judge what counts as good art, or even what counts as "art"
lateral thinking
-challenge. consider how to violate expectations ex. driving without a steering wheel -random idea generation. pick something at random from dict. then try to asso. the problem with what u are dealing.
big-c
-eminent creativity goal is to learn about creative genius, eternal works and more likely to focus on the person or the product ex. the works of homer, a legacy after death
issues with divergent thinking tests
-emphasis on quantity -weak predictability -stability
consistency
1. collective judgment -judged by a large number of people w expertise 2. exceptional creativity -measures are designed for the sociocultural def. of creativity
individualist approach to creativity
1. creativity is new 2. a combination 3. expressed in the world ex. your dreams arent creative... unless you write them down
sociocultural approach to creativity
1. creativity is not defined by the individual 2.it is appropriately valuable (useful in some function)
conceptual innovators
1. detailed preparation 2. changes in style 3. change the domains rules
measuring the creative ___
1. person 2. activity 3. product 4. self-reports
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) figural
1. picture construction 2. picture completion 3. lines/circles
aesthetically motivated experimentalists
1. process is a struggle. -begin w/o a clear idea. have a hard time saying its completed 2. continuity -a body of work of fairly even quality rather than standout achievements 3. technical knowledge - large body of expert technical knowledge and perceptual skills that take time to acquire
the four p model of creativity (research facets)
1. product 2. person 3. process 4. place
genuis is recognized, ideas are discussed
1. radical ideas do face initial resistance 2. almost all creative works are collaborative
instructions of creative training
1.cognitive activation 2.duration 3.illustration 4.practice
Taylor's 5 principles
1.expressive 2.productive 3.inventive 4.innovative 5.emergentive
insight problems
1.getting stuck 2.reinterpret 3.awareness
creativity is what you do
1.heredity and stability research has proven that creativity is not hereditary... creativity tests still have a mixed record of predicting real-world creativity, suggesting that creativity isn't a stable personality trait, but rather is a situationally specific strategy. 2.dispositions. there are certain dispositions that lead a person to be more likely to be original and appropriate than others. But these dispositions can be learned; they're not fixed abilities or personality tr
creativity techniques
1.redefine problems 2.challenge assumptions 3.selling a solution to an invisible problem 4.construct, then destruct 5.tolerate ambiguity 6.dont get comfortable 7.delay gratification 8.cross disciplines 9.appropriate risks
creative training
25% of organizations of more than 100 employees offer some form of creativity training
osborn's creative problem solving (CPS)
60 lesson program
the five A framework by glavenu
Actors, Audiences, Actions, Artifacts and affordances
TTCT verbal
For the first three, the subject refers to a picture at the beginning of the test booklet. In Form A, the picture is of an elf staring at its reflection in a pool of water. 1. asking. Subject asks as many questions as possible about the picture. 2. guessing causes. Subject lists possible causes for the pictured action. 3. guessing consequences. Subject lists possible consequences for the pictured action. 4. product improvement. is asked to make changes to improve a toy (like a stuffed animal) 5. unusual uses. Subject is asked to think of many different possible uses for a common object (like a paper clip) 6. just suppose. Subject is asked to imagine that an improbable situation has happe
Remote Associates Test
Mednick & Mednick (1967) Let's give people triosiachs and see how many words people can come up with. i.e., Year, Night, Flash = Think Night Light --Only a moderate correlation
The big 5
OCEAN openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
results of the drawing KOZBELT study
artists who were higher rated spent more time handling and rejecting objects before drawing. spent a lot more time preparing and revising
letters and numbers
breaking down the concept of creativity into its component parts and symbols
how does creative training work?
cognition: problem finding, conceptual combination, and idea generation heuristics: provides a set of strategies
convergent thinking
coming up with a single right answer
divergent thinking
coming up with many potential answers by using fluency originality flexibility elaboration
little-c
everyday creativity ex. modifying a recipe with new flavors
forced interruptions
external breaks
forced incubation
forcing themselves to take time away from the project. internal
DeBono's cognitive research trust
generating ideas preparing for action understanding the challenge
who proposed the structure of intellect model (SOI) with 24 distinct types of divergent thinking
guilford
mini-c
insight that is personally meaningful and new to a person. ex: purely subjective. internal, emotional, personal creativity
domains
involve an internal, symbolic language. representations and operations also involve a set of everyday practices
the word creativity
is modern. WWII
Creativity is not a burst of inspiration
it is work. 1. mostly conscious hard work 2. insights are a product of previous mental work
survivorship bias
judgement error of concentrating on the people or things that made it past some selection process and overlooking those that did not, typically because of their invisibility
flat associate heirarchy
large number of remote associations between seemingly distinct ideas
examples of assessment
musical: length of run, money sold from tickets, awards, reviews
consensual assessment technique
process in which teachers collect samples of students' creative work and then rate its creativeness
pro-c
professional or expert, but not transformative creativity. ex. professional artists
a category approach to creativity
splitting creativity into the domains in which it appears
the ballon model
stage 1: divergent thinking stage 2: convergent thinking
problem solving and finding study by KOZBELT
step 1- 24 students taped while drawing step 2- are given objects and asked to draw step 3- artists and non artists rate the drawings for quality, originality and technical skill
steep associative heirarchy
strong associations between related concepts
action theory
the execution of the creative work is essential to the creative process
categories of magnitude
the four c model of creativity
Unwarranted assumptions
the four lines do not have to stay within the box itself; the solution requires that your pencil lines extend outside of this box — thus the famous saying "Think outside the box
rejection of convention
the reality is connectivity, not rejection. 1. breaking a rule not the rules. 2. grain of truth, radical connections
the questions we must ask
what is needed? how does it develop? how do we generate ideas?
is creative training effective?
yes. each of the four major criteria were observed
idealist theory
your creative work is done once the idea is fully formed in your head