Crim chapter 10 part one and two final exam
Private prisons are required to take all prisoners , even if they are considered to be high risk .
False
State prisons are generally distinguished by custody level
False
An inmate's custody level indicates the degree of precaution that needs to be taken when working with that inmate
True
In the convict lease system , counties and states leased thousands of prisoners to private individuals and companies to work in cotton fields , mines , and forests of the Deep South .
True
In the case of Brown v . Plata , the U.S. Supreme Court declared that California's prison conditions led to needless suffering and death .
true
Inmates perform a large portion of the maintenance and repair work in institutions as part of their job assignments .
true
Long term incarceration is the modern version of banishment
true
Penology is the study of prison management and the treatment of offenders
true
President Trump supports the use of private prisons at the federal level
true
Private prisons can be constructed and opened more quickly than public prisons .
true
Second - generation jails employ remote surveillance
true
24 ) Which of the following types of jails is built in a linear design , in which inmates live together in cells , dormitories , or " tanks , " and guards at regular intervals walk up and down the corridors or " catwalks " and observe inmates ? A) first - generation jails B ) new - generation jails C ) third - generation jails D ) indirect supervision jails
A
According to James Lynch , why is it misleading to compare rates of incarceration among countries ? A ) Because the level of crime in a country affects the rate of incarceration B ) Because crime reporting rates vary by country C ) Because the use of imprisonment as a punishment is legally mandated in some countries but not in others D ) According to James Lynch , international comparisons are not misleading
A
An inmate's ____ level specifies the degree of precaution that needs to be taken when working with that inmate A) custody B) security C ) classification D ) segregation
A
In the context of the reformatory movement , identify a true statement about the reformatory A) it was based on a military model of regimentation and emphasized academic and vocational training in addition to work B) it employed determinate sentences to facilitate greater control over inmates C) if denied inmates any opportunity for parole or an early release even when they showed favorable progress in reformation D) it was designed for older inmates
A
Most early women's prisons employed A a family - style living plan B ) solitary confinement C ) early - release programs D ) a cell - block plan
A
Most institutions have elaborate ____ in which staff learn from inmate informants about the presence of contraband , the potential for disruptions , and other threats to security . A) snitch systems B ) staff procedures C ) conjugal visits D ) security procedures
A
The majority of jail inmates are A) unconvicted defendants waiting disposition of their case . B ) juvenile offenders awaiting transfer to juvenile facilities . C ) convicted offenders serving short terms of incarceration . D ) federal offenders who are being housed in the jail because of crowding in the prison facilities .
A
What is a key goal of cognitive behavioral therapy ? A) to teach offenders better problem solving skills B ) to improve institutional control over inmates C ) provide crisis intervention services when needed D ) to give inmates a way to occupy themselves
A
What is the typical response to high crime and recidivism in the U.S. A) To increase the use of imprisonment B ) To expand the use of community corrections C ) To direct more of the correctional budget to crime prevention programs D ) To reduce prison crowding
A
Which of the following institutions is commonly regarded as the first state prison of the United States ? A ) Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia B ) Auburn Penitentiary in New York C ) Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia D ) Charlestown State Prison in Massachusetts
A
Which of the following states incarcerated the most inmates at the end of 2017 ? A) Texas B) Louisiana C) Alabama D) Oklahoma
A
A __ is a facility that holds convicted offenders and unconvicted persons for relatively short periods . A ) lockup B ) jail C) class facility
B
A ___ is a very short - term ( for instance , 24- to 48 - hour ) holding facility that is frequently located in or very near an urban police agency so that suspects can be held pending further inquiry into their cases by the police or the court A ) minimum - security prison B). lockup C ) jail D ) classification facility
B
In which of the following types of jails do correctional officers constantly supervise inmates from secure control booths that overlook inmate living areas ? A ) first - generation jails B ) second - generation jails C ) third - generation jails D ) fourth - generation jails
B
Inmates who represent a danger to staff or to other inmates may be designated for A ) protective custody Badministrative segregation C ) conjugal visitation D ) congregate living
B
Men's prisons are often distinguished from one another by A ) size security level C ) the era in which they were built D ) custody level
B
The first maximum security federal prison was A) USP leavensworth B) USP Alcatraz C) USP Lewisburg D) the Chillicothe reformatory
B
The model of corrections emphasized the use of psychological assessment and treatment A ) reformatory B ) medical C ) panopticon D ) big house
B
When compared with the overall U.S. prison inmates in the United States population , which of the following statements is true A ) They are much more likely to be married B ) They are more likely to be diagnosed with serious psychological distress . C ) They are much more likely to be educated . D ) They are more likely to be older adults , over age 45 .
B
Which category of prison inmates is increasing rapidly ? offenders A ) white - collar B) elderly inmates C ) juvenile inmates D ) young adults
B
Which of the following Statements regarding inmate labor is true ? A ) Most jobs in state and federal prisons today teach inmates marketable skills that inmates can use when they are released . B ) In some states , inmates are not paid for their work in prison . C ) In most states , inmates are considered employees and must receive minimum wage and overtime pay . D ) Nearly all inmates work full - time jobs in prison .
B
Which of the following best describes a medium - security state prison A) prison with very tight security , including high walls or razor - wire fencing surrounding the facility B) A prison that uses a combination of cell blocks and dormitory or barracks - type living quarters C ) A prison that was constructed following the radial or telephone pole design D) A facility that has no fences surrounding the perimeter
B
Which of the following statements is true about the Pennsylvania system of confinement? A) It required that inmates work and eat together in silence during the day and be returned to solitary cells for the evening . B ) It required that inmates be kept in solitary cells so that they could study religious writings , reflect on their misdeeds , and perform handicraft work . C ) It prevailed over the New York system of confinement as a model followed by other states . D ) It had a congregate work principle that was more congruent with the system of factory production emerging in wider society than was the separate system
B
Which of the following was the closest European forerunner of the modern U.S. prison ? A) banishment B) workhouses C) transportation D) capital punishment
B
A federal ADX prison is designed to hold Answer is : C problem inmates
C
After offenders are sentenced to the custody of the department of corrections they are usually first taken to a A ) medium - security prison B ) jail C) classification facility D ) minimum - security prison
C
In the context of John Irwin's typology for summarizing imprisonment , which of the following statements is true about the contemporary violent prison ? A ) It emerged as penologists turned to the field of medicine as a model for their work and became the dominant type of prison in the 1950s . B ) It was a walled prison with large cell blocks that contained stacks of three or more tiers of one or two - man cells . C ) It arose by default as the correctional institution faded and the fairness of coerced prison rehabilitation programming began to be challenged . D ) It included all the treatment program control mechanisms of the correctional institution .
C
In the context of criminologist John Irwin's typology for summarizing imprisonment, which of the following statements is true about the big houses ? A) They were smaller and more modern in appearance than correctional institutions . B ) They arose during the 1940s and became the dominant type of prison in the 1950s . C) They were old penitentiaries and reformatories expanded in size to accommodate larger inmate populations . D ) They were characterized by a power vacuum that was filled with inmate gang violence and interracial hatred .
C
In the context of crowding in American prisons , criminologist Michael Tonry attributes high incarceration rates to ___ A) strong welfare states B) consensual political cultures C) high levels of income inequality D) professionalized criminal justice systems
C
Rather than having inmates attend periodic group sessions ( one or two hourly sessions per week ) , encompasses the total living environment of inmates so that the environment continually encourages positive behavioral change . A ) individual therapy B) crisis intervention C ) milieu therapy D) religious counseling
C
Which of the following best describes third - generation jails ? A ) They often resemble early prisons B ) There is little direet - contact - between inmates and correctional officers C ) There are no physical barriers between inmates and correctional officers D) Correctional officers use remote surveillance to supervise inmates
C
Which of the following is true of HIV testing in prison A) Testing for HIV is primarily conducted as a part of the discharge process increasing B ) The number of states that provide HIV testing if an inmate in custody asks for it is C) Nearly all states today test for HIV at intake D ) Inmates are not permitted to opt out of HIV testing
C
Which of the following principles states that prisoners should receive no service or program superior to the services and programs available to free citizens without charge ? A ) the convict - program principle B ) the prison - is - for - punishment principle C ) the less - eligibility principle D ) the no pay , no play principle
C
Which of the following statements is true about classification facilities A ) Classification is generally a one - time process . B) Classification facilities are used to assign newly sentenced offenders to a temporary correctional institution . C) Inmates normally stay at classification facilities for about 60 days . D ) Classification centers are the only short - term - stay - correctional facilities
C
Which of the following statements regarding private correctional facilities is true A) Private prisons are held to the same standards of transparency as government operated facilities public counterparts B ) Correctional officers in private prisons receive similar training opportunities as their C) Employees in private prisons are at greater risk of inmate violence compared to those working in public prisons D) Currently , about one - third of all incarcerated people are held in private prisons
C
Which of the following terms is a theory of institutional corrections , popular during the 1940s and 1950s , in which crime was seen as symptomatic of personal illness in need of treatment ? A ) hands - off philosophy B ) crisis intervention C ) medical model D) radical nonintervention
C
____ was designed for younger , less hardened offenders between 16 and 30 years of age . A ) The penitentiary B ) Transportation C) The reformatory D ) Banishment
C
Inmates who are vulnerable to assault by other inmates may be designated for A ) administrative segregation B ) new - generation jails C ) congregate living areas D ) protective custody
D
Most jail funding used is used for A ) accommodations B ) services C ) educational and treatment programs D) custody and security
D
Psychologist Ted Palmer has observed that one feature that seems to characterize a program that consistently reduces offender recidivism is A) the number of staff assigned to the program B) the programs popularity among inmates C) the cost of the program D) the quality of the programs implemation
D
The panopticon prison , which was designed to maintain order through architectural design, was developed by A ) Graeme Newman . B ) John Howard . C ) Cesare Beccaria . D ) Jeremy Bentham
D
Which of the following has research shown to be an advantage of direct - supervision jails ? A ) They provide a less stressful , more positive , and safer environment for inmates and staff . B ) They enhance supervision by reducing the number of unsupervised areas . C ) They reduce inmate violations for contraband possession , destruction of property escapes disrespecting officers and staff , suicides , and violence . D) All of the answers are correct .
D
Which of the following is a reason for the problems that plague jails ? A ) the limited and unstable nature of local taxes to fund and staff jails B ) a general lack of public support for jail reform C ) rapid rates of inmate turnover , which make it difficult to coordinate programs . D ) All of the answers are correct
D
Which of the following statements is not true about big house prisons A) They became warehouses oriented toward custody and repression of inmates B) They fell into demise during the 1920s and 1930s . C) They exploited inmate labor through various links to the free market . D) They relied exclusively on industrial labor throughout the United States .
D
Which of the following systems of confinement avoided the harmful psychological effects of total solitary confinement and allowed more inmates to be housed in less space because cells could be smaller ? A ) the Pennsylvania system B ) the separate system C ) the snitch system D ) the Auburn system
D
Which of the following was a purpose of institutional confinement prior to the 1600s A ) punish offenders B ) rehabilitate criminals C ) incapacitate chronic offenders D) detain people awaiting trial
D
Which state spent the most on corrections in 2017 A ) Texas B ) New York C ) Florida D) California
D
) Elderly inmates are less expensive to house in correctional facilities compared to younger offenders , because they require fewer rehabilitative services .
False
The incarceration rate of an area is calculated by dividing the number of people incarcerated by the population of the area and multiplying the result by 100,000
True
In jails , women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with a serious mental disorder
true
At the federal level , federal prison camps are medium - security facilities
false
At the federal level , federal prison camps are medium - security facilities .
false
Determinate sentences facilitate greater control over inmates than indeterminate sentences and the possibility of parole do .
false
In third - generation jails , the pods are interconnected to allow inmates to move between them to participate in various types of programming .
false
Jeremy Bentham's " all - seeing " or " inspection - house " prison design was known as the penitentiary
false
Most prisons permit conjugal visits .
false
Only a small number of states in the U.S. today operate supermax prisons .
false
The increase in prison construction in the U.S. has been able to keep pace with the increase in prison populations .
false
The majority of jail inmates are convicted felons serving short sentences
false
The majority of prison and jail inmates who are mentally ill receive appropriate treatment while incarcerated
false
The penitentiary concept was first put into wide practice in Europe
false
The reformatory was a walled prison with large cell blocks that contained stacks of three or more tiers of one- or two - man cells
false
Throughout history , imprisonment has been the primary sentence for lawbreakers and it still is today
false
Cesare Beccaria believed that punishment should be swift and certain
true
Classification facilities are used to assess an offender's security risk
true
Crowding in workhouses was a major impetus : the development of transportation as a punishment .
true