Criminal Evidence chapter 11

Historically, the recognition of the legal sanctity of the marital union of husband and wife has deep roots in:

Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence

The oldest recognized privilege under common law was that which existed between:

Attorney and Client

Which Court case established limited protections afforded to journalists known as "Shield Laws"?

Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665 (1972)

Characteristics that might be considered in the evaluation of a reasonable expectation of confidentiality include:

Character of the crime, Interpersonal relationships between the informant and target, Interpersonal relationships to law enforcement (all of these)

In which of the following situations would physicians to divulge information?

Child Abuse, Blood and urine tests requested in DUI cases, Venereal disease (all of these)

Statutorily, the notion of testimonial privileges in American courts emerged at the same time as:

Compulsory testimony

The clergy-communicant privilege attaches to that information contained in:

Confessional

The United States Congress has enacted several pieces of legislation which have codified government privileges which address the protection of military, diplomatic, or national security secrets. These acts include all but which one of the following?

Dissemination of Classified Material and Control Act

In which of the following situations does the police-informant privilege not apply?

Does not apply once the identity of the informant is revealed, Does not attach in those situations, which are not designed to be confidential, Does not apply to individuals that do not give information to the government (all of these)

The attorney-client privilege may be traced back to early:

England

Framers of the U.S. Constitution adopted much of the legal rationale for privileged communications from:

English Common Law

The clergy-communicant privilege was recognized as early as the:

Fifth century

Which of the following is not an exception to the psychologist-patient privilege?

If there is an immediate threat that the patient will harm himself or others, If state or federal law requires disclosure, For communications relevant to an issue of the treatment of the patient in any proceedings in which the treatment is an element of a claim or defense (all of these)

In what case did the Court recognize the concept of psychoanalysis, which requires complete disclosure for effective treatment?

Jafee v. Redmond, 518 U.S. 1 (1996)

According to legal scholar John Wigmore, privileged communications should only be extended in which of the following relationship?

The communication must be entered into with an expectation of confidentiality, The element of confidentiality must be essential to the maintenance of the relationship, The injury to the relationship by such disclosure would be greater than the benefit gained for the correct disposal of litigation (all of these)

The common-law principles underlying the recognition of testimonial privileges can be traced back as far as:

Three centuries

Which of the following independent factors do the federal courts recognize to determine new evidentiary privileges?

Whether federal policy supports the privilege, Whether states recognize the privilege, Whether legal scholars have championed the adoption of the privilege (all of these)

When the Federal Rules of Evidence were originally drafted, how many distinct testimonial privileges which had been recognized by the Supreme Court were proposed?

nine

The presence of which of the following, during a communication between an attorney and client, eliminates the attorney-client privilege?

none of these

Initially, there was how many types of privileges extended to the marital relationship?

two