Criminal Justice Chapter 12
Which type of women population make up the largest percentage of female inmates in the United States?
white
If you have committed a serious crime and have not been granted bail, you will most likely be held in a while awaiting trial
jail
If you were charged with a minor offense and sentenced to less than 1 year of incarceration, you would most likely be incarcerated in a
jail
There are three main ways in which drugs enter prison. Which of the following is not one of them?
After their sentencing, they are all sent to a prison where they take many tests to analyze their security risk and program needs. After they complete these tests, they are each sent to a different type of prison. Steve does not have a prior prison record and is considered a nonviolent offender, so he is sent to a prison where here sides in a dormitory-style housing unit and has ample freedom of movement. Brandon, like Steve, does not have a prior prison record and is sent to a prison where he must share his cell with another inmate, but he does not have many opportunities for educational or vocational programs. Dylan is considered to be ahigh- security risk given his prior record and his behavior while he was on bail awaiting trial. He is sent to a prison where he is subjected to a count at least four times a day and spends very little time outside of his cell. Steve has been sentenced to a
maximum-security prison
Inmates guarded by correctional officers on foot patrol and in gun towers, with electronic locking systems and massive concrete walls, are most likely to be in a
maximum-security prison
As a response to the sexual abuse of male and female inmates, President George W. Bush signed the into law in 2003
Prison Rape Elimination Act
Which of the following situations is an example of deliberate indifference?
Prison officials are aware of inmates who are suffering from HIV/AIDS but refuse to provide them with the proper course of treatment, and as a result, four inmates die while in custody because of the lack of proper medical care
Jack is incarcerated in the Southwest State Prison. He has been there for the past 12 years and has over 30 years of his sentence left. While incarcerated, his communication with his family has been restricted; most notably, any letters that he has attempted to send that criticize the conditions of the prison have been censored. If Jack wants to argue that his First Amendment rights are being violated, he should cite the U.S. Supreme Court decision in
Procunier v. Martinez
is the degree of danger associated with the inmates being housed in a prison
Security level
The agency that deports criminal aliens from the United States is the
U.S. Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement
You are a member of the Aryan Brotherhood, and prison administrators want to segregate you and your fellow members from the general population of the prison. As a result, they place all known members of the Aryan Brotherhood in a special location in the prison called
a gang block
Jack and his cellmate Vlad get into an argument one day. Jack assaults Vlad and is put into solitary confinement. Because he has been targeted, Vlad is also removed from the general prison population. It is likely that Vlad is placed in
administrative segregation
As an alternative to solitary confinement, some groups have suggested that an inmate's time in isolation should be limited to
90 days
Identify an accurate statement about transgender people in prisons
About 40 percent of state and federal adult transgender prisoners report sexual victimization while incarcerated
Which of the following inmates are most likely to be housed in a supermax prison?
All of these answers are correct
Women's prisons often differ from men's prisons in that
All of these answers are correct
The case of Cooper v. Pate gave inmates the right to
file civil lawsuits against prison authorities
What percentage of prisoners escape from U.S. prisons?
Fewer than 0.1 percent
is defined as confinement against one's will in the criminal justice system (in a jail or prison) or a mental health facility (a secure psychiatric institution)
Incarceration
Which of the following statements best describes inmates' right to the First Amendment guarantee of freedom of religion?
Inmates have the right to practice their mainstream religious faith as long as their strictures do not interfere with the security of the institution
Male inmates divide themselves primarily
along racial lines
In 2020, how many inmates were in state prisons across the United States?
approximately 1,291,000 million
How much percentage of incarcerated women have minor children (under the age of 18)?
approximately 65 percent
What percentage of state and federal inmates do women make up in the United States?
approximately 7 percent
Which of the following offenses would likely result in an inmate being placed in a supermax prison?
attempting to kill another inmate while incarcerated
The testing process that Steve, Brandon, and Dylan went through after being sentenced is referred to as
classification
he process of determining which inmates go to which institutions and what the specific conditions under which they will be confined is called
classification
Jack is incarcerated in the Southwest State Prison. He has been there for the past 12 years and has over 30 years of his sentence left. While incarcerated, his communication with his family has been restricted; most notably, any letters that he has attempted to send that criticize the conditions of the prison have been censored. Further, he has not been allowed to practice his religion because it is not a commonly practiced religion in the United States. If Jack were to sue the prison officials, he would have to argue that his rights are being violated according to the
first constitutional amendment
The most common form of sexual abuse of female inmates is
forced sex with male staff
The British have moved away from solitary confinement and developed a strategy to prevent violence in prisons instead of heaping punishments on violent behavior. If you are incarcerated in a British prison, you most likely
have ample opportunities for work, education, and mental health treatment
The majority of the cost of confining elder inmates in prisons and jails can be attributed to the costs of
health care
The most common educational requirement for correctional officers is a
high school diploma
The most common formal sanction for criminal behavior is
incarceration
Upon entering prison, most inmates go through a process where they learn and adopt the values and norms of the inmate subculture. Some of these values and norms include not portraying themselves as weak, needy, or vulnerable; oppose prison authority; and not exploiting one another. The rules of behavior that inmates follow are referred to as the
inmate code
Unlike men, women develop emotional bonds with other inmates. While they are incarcerated, they often develop
pseudo families
The type of treatment that has become the treatment of choice for mental disorders in jails and prisons is
psychoactive medications
Jack and his cellmate Vlad get into an argument one day. Jack assaults Vlad and is put into solitary confinement. Because he was the aggressor and assaulted Vlad, it is likely that Jack is placed into
punitive segregation
Many foreign-born offenders are incarcerated for
residing in the United States without lawful documentation
Inmates are classified according to , which is the risk of danger they pose to other prisoners and to correctional staff
security levels
Inmates who collaborate as gang members are also referred to as
security threat groups
Foreign-born offenders are often infected with
tuberculosis (TB)
The first stop in the risk classification process of an inmate is a
classification facility
Bob has been incarcerated in California for the past 5 years. During his sentence, he could have private meetings over a few weekends with his spouse that offered the possibility of sexual contact. Bob has been granted a with his wife
conjugal visit
Beginning in the 1950s, most of the mental health hospitals in the United States were closed, and mentally ill individuals were returned to the community. The process of closing mental hospitals and returning the mentally ill to the community is called
deinstitutionalization
Suppose you are incarcerated in a state prison. You are curious about the inmate subculture and inmate code that you keep hearing about and ask some other inmates about it. You also ask them to explain why they think an inmate subculture forms. One inmate, Frank, explains to you that all the things that inmates are deprived of when they are incarcerated, such as freedom, personal liberty, heterosexual relationships, and security, force them to create their own subculture. However, another inmate, Carl, disagrees with Frank. He argues that this subculture does not develop in prison; rather, he argues that inmates already hold the values of the prison code on the outside and bring them to prison with them. The process of developing the inmate subculture that Frank is referring to is the
deprivation model
The Attica Prison riot can be attributed to
desire for reform by prisoners
Women are more likely than men to commit
drug offenses
The fastest-growing group of inmates in state prisons consists of
elder people
The U.S. Supreme Court case of Wolff v. McDonnell held that inmates had due process rights when they were facing placement in solitary confinement and when they were
facing loss of good time credits
Suppose you are incarcerated in a state prison. You are curious about the inmate subculture and inmate code that you keep hearing about and ask some other inmates about it. You also ask them to explain why they think an inmate subculture forms. One inmate, Frank, explains to you that all the things that inmates are deprived of when they are incarcerated, such as freedom, personal liberty, heterosexual relationships, and security, force them to create their own subculture. However, another inmate, Carl, disagrees with Frank. He argues that this subculture does not develop in prison; rather, he argues that inmates already hold the values of the prison code on the outside and bring them to prison with them. The process of developing the inmate subculture that Carl is referring to is the
importation model
Because Jack has been incarcerated for so long, it is likely that he will face great difficulty in integrating back into society. The difficulty of inmates in reintegrating because they are dependent on an institution to meet their basic needs—such as those for food, shelter, and friends—to the point of being unwilling, or unable, to function in the outside world is referred to as
institutionalization
A is a municipal or regional facility that houses pretrial individuals believed to present a risk of danger or flight, those awaiting probation or parole revocation, and those sentenced to less than 1-year incarceration
jail
After their sentencing, they are all sent to a prison where they take many tests to analyze their security risk and program needs. After they complete these tests, they are each sent to a different type of prison. Steve does not have a prior prison record and is considered a nonviolent offender, so he is sent to a prison where here sides in a dormitory-style housing unit and has ample freedom of movement. Brandon, like Steve, does not have a prior prison record and is sent to a prison where he must share his cell with another inmate, but he does not have many opportunities for educational or vocational programs. Dylan is considered a high-security risk given his prior record and his behavior while he was on bail awaiting trial. He is sent to a prison where he is subjected to a count at least four times a day and spends very little time outside of his cell. Brandon has been sentenced to a
medium-security prison
John Smith has been convicted of a nonviolent drug crime and has been sentenced to 18 to 24months in prison. He does not have a prior record and is considered a low-security risk. John will most likely be held in a
minimum-security prison
Upon entering prison, most inmates go through a process where they learn and adopt the values and norms of the inmate subculture. Some of these values and norms include not portraying themselves as weak, needy, or vulnerable; oppose prison authority; and always being suspicious of the motives of others. This process of socialization is called
prisonization
Steve is a convicted sex offender who has been in prison for 15 years. His sentence is completed, but authorities have evidence from his prison conduct that he might commit future sex offenses. A judge decides that Steve should be released from prison but held in an institution indefinitely. Steve has been
sent into a civil commitment program
Cedric refers to another inmate as a "mule," which in prison slang terms means
someone who smuggles drugs into the prison
While incarcerated, Dylan is continually in trouble and commits many disciplinary infractions. He also severely injures his cellmate when they get into an argument one day. Prison administrators ultimately determine that he cannot remain in general population and transfer him to a prison where he spends his days alone in his cell and has very little time outside of his cell. He has little or no contact with other inmates or corrections officers. Dylan has been transferred to a
supermax-security prison
After their sentencing, they are all sent to a prison where they take many tests to analyze their security risk and program needs. After they complete these tests, they are each sent to a different type of prison. Steve does not have a prior prison record and is considered a nonviolent offender, so he is sent to a prison where here sides in a dormitory-style housing unit and has ample of freedom of movement. Brandon, like Steve, does not have a prior prison record and is sent to a prison where he must share his cell with another inmate, but he does not have many opportunities for educational or vocational programs. Dylan is considered a high-security risk given his prior record and his behavior while he was on bail awaiting trial. He is sent to a prison where he is subjected to a count at least four times a day and spends very little time outside of his cell. Dylan has been sentenced to a
supermaximum-security prison
From 1970 to 1991, the U.S. Supreme Court
supported the constitutional rights of inmates
In 1991, the Supreme Court ruled that the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment is not applicable to overcrowding because
the standard implies intent on the part of the perpetrator
At midyear in 2020, the majority of jail inmates in the United States
were awaiting court action
