Critical Thinking Chapter 5

antecedent

the "if" statement in a conditional

consequent

the "then" statement in a conditional, also follows "only if"

denying the antecedent

1. If S1, then S2 2. not S1 therefore, 3. not S2 FALLACY

affirms the antecedent

1. if S1, then S2 2. S1 therefore, 3. S2

tri conditional statement

1. if S1, then S2 2. if S2, then S3 therefore, 3. If S1, then S3

denying the consequent

1. if S1, then S2 2. not S2 therefore, 3. not S1

affirms the consequent

1.if S1, then S2 2. S2 therefore, 3. S1 FALLACY

false dichotomy

FALLACY, occurs when a premise of an argument with a disjunction is false because there are other alternatives besides the 2 presented in the premise

exclusive disjunction

S1 or S2 (but not both)

inclusive disjunction

S1 or S2 (or both)

conditional

asserts that if one statement in the compound is true, then the other statement in the compound is true

compound statement

statement that contains at least one other statement

simple statement

statement that doesn't contain any other statement

negations

statements that deny another statement

conjunction

true when all of its conjuncts are true

disjunction

true when at least one of its disjuncts is true