Critical Thinking Chapter 5
antecedent
the "if" statement in a conditional
consequent
the "then" statement in a conditional, also follows "only if"
denying the antecedent
1. If S1, then S2 2. not S1 therefore, 3. not S2 FALLACY
affirms the antecedent
1. if S1, then S2 2. S1 therefore, 3. S2
tri conditional statement
1. if S1, then S2 2. if S2, then S3 therefore, 3. If S1, then S3
denying the consequent
1. if S1, then S2 2. not S2 therefore, 3. not S1
affirms the consequent
1.if S1, then S2 2. S2 therefore, 3. S1 FALLACY
false dichotomy
FALLACY, occurs when a premise of an argument with a disjunction is false because there are other alternatives besides the 2 presented in the premise
exclusive disjunction
S1 or S2 (but not both)
inclusive disjunction
S1 or S2 (or both)
conditional
asserts that if one statement in the compound is true, then the other statement in the compound is true
compound statement
statement that contains at least one other statement
simple statement
statement that doesn't contain any other statement
negations
statements that deny another statement
conjunction
true when all of its conjuncts are true
disjunction
true when at least one of its disjuncts is true