CRM 720 Test 1 Ch. 1

research question

A ______ guides research designed to increase understanding and generate knowledge about a topic

definition

A ______ is the clarification of the precise meaning of a particular concept as used in a research study

sample

A subset of a population of interest, such as the 18- to 25-year-olds studied in the Campus Sexual Assault survey, is considered a _____

sample

A subset of men ranging from ages 25-35 who work in the private sector is an example of a ______

Consumers are able to critically assess your work, and replicate your study.

According to Rennison, documenting methodology is important for which of the following reasons?

literature review

After identifying a research question, researchers should proceed to which of the following stages?

self

All of the following are examples of authoritative sources EXCEPT ______

Do you believe that minorities are disproportionately represented in jails and prisons?

All of the following are examples of research questions with the exception of ______.

A literature review guides research designed to generate knowledge and also guides the research endeavor

All of the following statements regarding a literature reviews purpose are true EXCEPT ______

is not reproducible

An individual's personal experience ______

How

Conducting a non-critical assessment means that knowledge was accepted without considering ______ knowledge was created.

collecting data

Conducting in-person interviews and holding focus groups is a component of ______.

designing the research

Identifying the precise steps that will be used to answer the research question is a part of which of the following?

Craft your research in such a way that it adds to what has already been published

If you discover that existing studies have been done pertaining to your research questions, what is your next step?

knowledge

Information believed to be true and reliable is referred to as ______.

creating health and social science research

Institutional Review Boards are tasked with all of the following with the exception of ______ involving humans in the United States.

Ethics

Norms for behavior distinguishing what is and is not acceptable moral behavior in society are known as _____

traditions, customs, and norms

Passing on knowledge or beliefs from person to person over time is an example of which of the following common sources of nonscientific knowledge?

asking a research question

Research methods include all of the following with the exception of ______.

social science research

Research that focuses on society and human relationships within societies is known as ______.

Research Methods

Systematic processes, frameworks, and steps or procedures that are used to conduct social science research are referred to as ______.

True

T/F A component of designing research is making the concepts measurable, or operationalization

False

T/F A strong understanding of research methods is an academic skill, with few practical applications.

True

T/F Accessing the original research, and learning about the research methodology used to conduct that research is the appropriate method of assessing the validity of a study's finding

False

T/F According to the Belmont Report's principles, persons with diminished autonomy are not entitled to protection

False

T/F An individual's personal experience is objective and accurately reflects the larger truth

True

T/F Conducting research on normal educational practices in established or traditional educational settings is an example of an exception to the Institutional Review Board requirement for oversight

False

T/F Criminal justice does not fall within the social sciences.

True

T/F Document analysis and quasi-experiments can be utilized to collect data.

True

T/F Documenting the methodology used in a study occurs during the literature review stage of research

True

T/F Ethics are not necessarily what feelings or laws direct us to do, but rather what the common norms of moral behavior in society dictate

False

T/F Knowledge generated in scientific ways includes information you have been told by people you trust, things you have personally observed, intuition, and/or information gleaned from social and mass media.

False

T/F Research always begins with the collection of data.

True

T/F Research in criminal justice and criminology is guided by the goal of answering a specific research question

True

T/F Research methods can be viewed as a how-to guide, or a basic recipe for conducting research.

True

T/F Survey research is one example of how data can be collected for a study.

False

T/F The Belmont Report's ethical principles and guidelines apply to both human and animal subjects

False

T/F The Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Report includes crimes that are not reported to the police

True

T/F The Institutional Review Board has been compared to the Internal Revenue Service in regard to its necessity

False

T/F The Nuremberg Code allowed researchers to govern themselves, a method that has proven to be effective under most experiments' conditions

True

T/F The justice principle of the Belmont Report stipulates that research subjects must be treated reasonably and fairly

True

T/F The purpose of answering a research question is to increase our knowledge and understanding of a topic

False

T/F The purpose of collecting data is to identify the limitations and gaps in existing research

False

T/F There are three standard definitions of knowledge.

True

T/F Treatment of the American flag is an example of a tradition, custom, or norm.

True

T/F With few exceptions, all research that is supported by the U.S. federal government requires Institutional Review Board oversight

beneficence

The Belmont Report's ______ principle states that researchers are obligated to do no harm, to maximize possible benefits and to minimize possible harms to all participants in a study

authoritative sources

The Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Report utilized data from which of the following sources?

sample

The branch of knowledge derived from observable and falsifiable information, data, or evidence gathered in a systematic fashion is known as ____

African American

The cohort of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was ______ men

Data

The evidence or information collected and analyzed in order to answer a research question is referred to as ______

natural science

The following disciplines fall within the category of social science EXCEPT ______.

Sheridan and King's Experiment

The following experiments included human subjects with the expectation of the ______

respect for persons

The following guidelines are requirements of the Belmont Report with the exception of _____

informed consent

The following principles are identified as elements of the Belmont Report with the exception of ______

they were infected with syphilis

The men of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment were informed of all of the following with the exception of being told that ______

Authoritative Sources

Utilizing information obtained from a professor is an example of which of the following nonscientific sources?

Humans need guidelines and oversight in order to ensure that research is done ethically

What has history revealed for consideration in regards to ethics and research studies?

Buxtun was a whistleblower that leaked information regarding the experiment to journalists

What was Peter Buxtun's role in the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment?

The Holocaust

Which of the following historical events prompted the creation of the Nuremberg Code?

This knowledge is subjective and non-research based

Which of the following is a limitation of using traditions, customs and norms as sources of knowledge?

Participation is voluntary, and participants understand there can be instances in which they are not well informed.

Which of the following is an ethical principle outlined in the Nuremberg Code?

Research question, literature review, research design, collect data, choose best data analysis methodology and analyze data, generate findings, conclusions, and policy implications

Which of the following lists the correct order of the stages of research?

intuition

Which of the following nonscientific sources of knowledge includes feelings, senses, and gut instincts?

What is the best way to answer the research question?

Which of the following should be a top consideration when choosing an appropriate analytics technique?

personal experience

Which of the following sources of knowledge was identified as being a powerful source of non-scientific and non-research based knowledge?

A student recognized that the study was unethical

Why did Dr. Philip Zimbardo, the principal investigator of the Stanford Prison Experiment, stop the experiment before its conclusion?

legitimate peer reviewed journals

You can be confident that knowledge gathered is based on well-executed processes if it is derived from which of the following sources?

Informed consent

______ is a requirement for subjects who voluntarily participate in a study after receiving sufficient information about the experiment, and expectations