crmj403 final

50%

Homicide research demonstrates that anywhere up to ______ of homicide victims had previous offending records. 30% 50% 10% 20%

B

The "disease to please," as discussed by LaViolette and Barnett and named by Oprah Winfrey, is based on the inclination of A. boys to woo girls B. women to be nice as as not to harm their relationships C. men to strive hard in the workplace D. men and women in our society tend to "go along, to get along"

all of the above

The findings from the international victimization study indicate that ______ is/are associated with reduced crime family bonding sound neighborhoods order at schools all of the above

race/ethnicity/ancestry

The majority of hate crimes are perpetrated by those who have a bias against individuals with a specific ______. religion national origin sexual orientation race/ethnicity/ancestry

being made fun of

The most common act of bullying students experienced was _______. being threatened being made fun of having a personal item taken from them physical bullying

theft

The most common type of victimization to occur in K-12 schools is _________.

retribution, restitution

When victims were the focus of the justice "system" these two principles guided most proceedings when an offender was determined guilty.

young, white, male

Which answer best represents the typical criminal according to the Uniform Crime Reports? young, black, male young, white, male young, hispanic, male young, asian, male

NIBRS

Which database was created to address the flaws in the Uniform Crime Reports?

strangers

Who commits most hate crimes? intimate partners strangers acquaintances coworkers

neglect

Which type of child maltreatment occurs when a caretaker has failed to attend to a child's basic needs?

lex talionis

________ principle suggests that retribution is the key to justice.

incapacitated rape

Which type of rape occurs when a victim is violated after self-induced alcohol or drug intoxication?

women

According to the appendices included in the book by LaViolette and Barnett, the most likely victims of murder by partner are men women children all of the above

all of these

Sexual violence includes _________. -unwanted sexual contact -rape -sexual coercion -all of these

victims

Victimologists use the scientific method to answer questions about ______.

guardian ad litem

Courts often assign maltreated children advocates from ______ organization so they can provide protection and guidance in the case as needed. - Child Protective Services - guardian ad litem - Child Advocacy Centers - Child Savers

developmental disability

Which type of disability suggests that an individual suffers from an intellectual impairment? developmental disability physical disability structural disability neural disability

being poor

According to research presented in the LaViolette and Barnett book, the variable most associated with IPV (though some question this finding) is being a minority group member being poor being white being homeless

D

According to Krakauer ______ could be blamed for rape scandal A. the University B. the Missoula PD C. the Missoula County Attorney's Office D. all of the above

C

According to LaViolette and Barnett and the researchers they highlight in their book, police training to deal with domestic violence should include A. defensive tactics in how to deal with abusers B. how to detect if the victim is lying C. sensitization to the research on domestic violence D. false reports of abuse by alleged victims

B

According to LaViolette and Barnett in the early 1970s the _____ movement spawned the development of shelters and the recognition of woman battering A. children's rights movement B. women's movement C. civil rights movement

D

According to LaViolette and Barnett, effective prevention of IPV includes A. training women to overlook their partners flaws B. training women across the globe to accept the violence they cannot change C. increasing patriarchal controls over women D. changing the prevailing model of masculinity

B

According to LaViolette and Barnett, shelters serve to A. provide a place where partners engaged in IPV can reunite B. provide housing for victims of IPV and their children C. learn how they can accept the violence they cannot change D. none of the above

C

According to LaViolette and Barnett, stopping the abuse requires A. reuniting family members B. help from clergy members to reunite the family C. counseling for the victims/survivors D. all of the above

A

According to LaViolette and Barnett, the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 led to a criminal justice and societal response in five major areas (it had five Titles) including A. safe streets for women B. childcare for victims C. monetary payment to victims/survivors

retraining

According to LaViolette and Barnett, the medical, child protective and criminal justice systems have all harbored serious prejudices against women and misconceptions about their abuse. One solution that appears to have the greatest effect on changing these attitudes and perceptions is counseling retraining referral to religious counseling none of the above

the criminal justice system

According to LaViolette and Barnett, the response to batterers that is most successful in stopping the abuse includes -counseling -the criminal justice system -a coordinated response by clergy to reunite the family -all of the above

D

According to LaViolette and Barnett, the voices of the survivors of domestic violence would indicate that A. doing something to end the violence sometimes helps B. there is danger associated with trying to end an abusive relationship C. staying in the abusive relationship never helps D. all of the above

A

According to LaViolette and Barnett, there are two steps that are critical for the victim to leave the abuser and become a survivor and they are A. breaking the isolation of abuse and having a supportive and encouraging person in their life B. consulting with clergy and receiving counseling about how to deal with violence in the home C. joint counseling between the victim and abuser and supportive law enforcement D. none of the above

D

According to research presented in the LaViolette and Barnett book, LGBTQ+ persons are A. are believed when they report their abuse to law enforcement B. are more likely to leave their partners C. often lack the support of others in the LGBTQ+ community D. find it difficult to leave abusive partners because there is little support for them in the larger community

other family members

According to research presented in the LaViolette and Barnett book, older women tend to be abused by their husbands/partners their caregivers other family members none of these

women

According to the appendices included in the book by LaViolette and Barnett, the most likely victims of serious and violent IPV are men women children all of the above

women

As discussed by LaViolette and Barnett The group that is more likely below the poverty line includes white people women men gay men

cycle of violence

As discussed by LaViolette and Barnett, Lenore Walker's ___________ includes tension building, acute battering, and honeymoon.

immigrant

As discussed by LaViolette and Barnett, ___________ women are faced with special challenges when trying to leave their partners including language barriers, racism, and low paying or barriers to employment.

C

As discussed by LaViolette and Barnett, battered women are A. just as likely to be rich as poor B. are less likely to have been a victim of abuse as a child C. have no distinct personality traits D. more likely to be of Asian descent

A

As discussed by LaViolette and Barnett, posttraumatic stress related to battering can lead to A. shock and disorientation B. a feeling of euphoria or contentment C. a willingness to let matters slide until the stress dissipates D. none of the above E. all of the above

fear

As discussed by LaViolette and Barnett, psychological abuse in IPV is most effective in creating anger fear love a striving for independence

D

As discussed by LaViolette and Barnett, the gender equivalence argument is flawed because it has A. false assumptions about the context of abuse B. there are flaws in the self-report data that supported it C. some of the survey questions were flawed D. all of the above

C

As discussed by LaViolette and Barnett, there are several factors that contribute to the high levels of violence against women and girls in our and other cultures and they include A. the high regard that female achievement is given B. the intersection of power and independence that defines femininity C. socialization into traditional sex roles that value males of females D. none

D

As discussed in the LaViolette and Barnett book, when racial and ethnic groups of women are compared it has been found that A. American Indians/Alaskan Natives reported the most male partner violence B. Black female survivors have a higher rate than White female survivors C. Hispanic (Latinx) women had the highest rate of sexual abuse D. all of the above

D

As indicated in the LaViolette and Barnett book, the battering control pattern, as defined by Adams, includes A. intimidation and pressure B. the withholding of financial or emotional support C. the issuance of ultimatums and accusations D. all of the above

A

Based on the research provided in the LaViolette and Barnett book, women are less likely to leave an abusive relationship when A. they are bound to their marriage by religious beliefs B. they are economically independent of the abuser C. their clergy supported them leaving an abusive relationship D. none of the above

D

Different types of widely used victimization surveys include A. international victimization studies B. local victimization studies C. national victimization studies D. all of the above

D

For victims of sex crimes, which type of programs seemed to increase the likelihood that a victim would be able to reduce subsequent sexual victimizations? A. self-defense programs B. bystander programs C. clery act D. risk recognition programs

general strain theory

Greg loses his job and cannot find another one. As a result, he begins to rob stores. What theory can help explain Greg's offending?

all of these

Hate crime victimization may be a response to a perceived threat, such as _______. - violations of territory or property - violations of what is sacred - violations of status - all of these

1%

Hate crimes accounted for ______ of all violent victimizations recorded in the NCVS. 10% 15% 1% 5%

D

In his book Krakauer makes a powerful argument for victims/survivors of rape reporting the crimes against them that includes A. speaking out will encourage other victims to come forward B. speaking out will deal a powerful blow to their assailants C. speaking out will reduce the shame associated with the crime of rape D. all of the above

C

In response to the media revelations about the rape culture at the University of Montana, particularly as it involved the football program, the football program, and the community A. supported the victim B. immediately denounced the alleged perpetrators C. tended to blame the victims and the media D. began a serious reexamination of how they promoted a rape culture

C

In same-sex intimate partner violence, victims may be harmed through ______ unique type of emotional abuse. A. denying that perpetrator and victim are in a relationship B. slang terms used by the perpetrator C. being "outed" by the perpetrator D. none of these

C

In terms of their experience with and reactions to PTSD, battered women are most like A. students after taking quizzes B. children after being exposed to trauma C. soldiers who have experienced wars D. boxers after a particularly violent fight

C

In the Department of Justice (DOJ) investigation of the Missoula County prosecutors office the DOJ DID NOT find that A. the prosecutors treated the female victims with disrespect B. the prosecutors made statements to women victims, advocates, and the public that diminished the seriousness of sexual violence C. the prosecutors kept the victims informed of the charges to be filed and sought their input D. none of the above

C

In the Jordan Johnson case (he was accused of raping Ceceila Washburn) A. Jordan pled guilty of raping Ceceila B. the prosecution refused to file charges C. the jury found him innocent D. none of the above

D

In the aftermath of the rape scandal and its investigation by the DOJ A. the Prosecutor lost his job to one of the accused rapist's defense attorneys B. a cadre of cops, prosecutors, and academics developed a set of best practices for dealing with sexual assault cases C. a few colleges and universities have established effective systems for investigating and resolving rape allegations D. all of the above

simple assault

Individuals with cognitive disabilities are especially vulnerable to which crimes? rape and aggravated assault identity theft and robbery simple assault burglary and simple assault

all of these

It is also possible that the factors that place youth at risk for victimization outside school are similar to the ones that place them at risk of being victimized in school--such as ______. low self-control lack of capable guardianship having deviant or delinquent peers all of these

urban areas

Most victims are likely to live in what areas?

D

Most victims of human trafficking that end up in the United States come from which countries? A. Thailand, Western Europe, and Latin America B. Australia, Canada, and the United States C. South America and Africa D. Asia, Mexico, and the former Soviet Bloc countries

B

One of the university regents who was critical of the University of Montana football players involvement in sexual assaults, robbery, burglary and numerous DUIs over five years A. was given a merit award by the Governor for speaking up B. was removed from the board of regents C. was supported by the general public for taking a "principled" stand D. moved out of the state to a place where he hoped such "thuggery" was less tolerated

financial exploitation

Which type of elder abuse occurs when a caretaker illegally or improperly uses an elderly person's property or funds? - power of attorney abuse - neglect - emotional abuse - financial exploitation

A

Which theory of victimization suggests that our daily behaviors influence our vulnerability to victimization? A. routine activities theory B. lifestyles theory C. life-course perspective D. general strain theory

gender

The Matthew Shephard and James Byrd, Jr. Crime Prevention Act added ______ category to the list of hate crimes classifications.

all of these

The NCVS has several advantages, including __________. - its estimates of victimization has several offenses not included in Part I of the UCR - it does not measure only crimes reported to the police -its two-stage measurement process allows for a more conservative way of estimating the amount of victimization that occurs each year - all of these

A

The ______ required that statistics be kept on incidents and effects of rape in prison. A. Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 B. Offender Statistical Information Act C. Justice for All Act D. Inmates Victimization Act of 2001

C

The definition of battering used in the LaViolette and Barnett book includes six elements, including A. pampering B. emotional support C. physical abuse D. respect for sexual needs

D

The findings from the international victimization study indicate that A. girls are more likely to be victimized than boys B. rural community residents experienced more crime than those living in urban areas C. people over 50 were more likely victims than those younger than this D. none of the above

simple assault

The most common violent crime according to the NCVS is _________. rape aggravated assault simple assault homicide

1600s

There have been laws prohibiting violence against wives since which century? 1900s 1700s 1800s 1600s

certified

Trafficking victims operating in the United States are allowed to be ______ so they can receive certain benefits and services from the government.

B

Walker's "Cycle of Violence" has been modified over the years because A. research found that the cyclical pattern of violence failed to account for an end to the violence over time B. research found that the honeymoon period may be more a cessation of violence rather than an actual honeymoon C. research found that batterers' violence is more predictable than this cycle predicts D. research found that types of abuse over the cycle remained the same or constant

B

What accounts for the greatest amount of homicides that occur at the workplace? A. disgruntled workers B. robberies C. intimate partner violence brought to the workplace D. unsatisfied patrons of the business

D

What is the main reason that people with mental illness may choose not to report a crime? A. unaware that a crime has occurred B. do not want to be mistreated by criminal justice personnel C. do not feel the crime is worthy of reporting D. afraid they will not be believed

Capable Guardianship

What is the third element in the Routine Activities Theory: Motivated Offender, Suitable Target, and __________?

special education teachers

What type of teacher is more likely to be victimized than other teachers? English teachers physical education teachers special education teachers music teachers

sexual coercion

When a perpetrator uses emotional or psychological tactics to sexually victimize an individual this is called ______.

nursing aides

When abuse and/or neglect is perpetrated by someone within an institution, the group most likely to perpetrate said maltreatment is ______. doctors nursing aides psychiatric staff administrative staff

deinstitutionalization

When mental health institutions are unable to retain patients for longer periods of time or at all, this is called ______.

biological parents

Which group of caretakers is the most likely to perpetrate child maltreatment? biological parents paternal grandparents stepparents cohabitants of single parents

Uniform Crime Reports

Which measure of crime includes only crimes reported to the police?

subculture of violence theory

Which theory suggests that victimization and offending is part of a broader cultural belief in the acceptability and sometimes necessity of violence?

B

Which of the following is not a common reason women report for not leaving abusive relationships? A. children B. advised by family and friends not to leave C. financially dependent D. love and commitment

principle of homogamy

Which principle suggests that the more one comes into contact with offenders, the more likely he is to be victimized?

B

Which program was developed to improve treatment of rape/sexual assault victims by medical personal? A. rape shield laws B. sexual assault nurse examiner programs C. medical personnel rape programs D. Megan's law

victim/witness assistance programs

Which programs are responsible for notifying victims of court proceedings and providing guidance during the court process?

biosocial (genetic) explanations

Which theoretical perspectives assert that victimization and offending are influenced by similar genetic factors that lead to an overlap between the two?

Minneapolis

______ Domestic Violence Experiment found that arrest was an effective deterrent to subsequent violent acts by perpetrators of intimate partner violence. Cincinnati Milwaukee Minneapolis Dade County

guardian ad litem

a person who represents the best interests of a child in court