CS121 Midterm
What is an IP address?
-a unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network
What is the purpose of the ALU
-arithmetic logic unit -does simple math and logical operations
Von Neumann Architecture
-modern computer structure consisting of four subsystems: memory, I/O, ALU, and control unit, and the stored program concept and sequential execution of instructions concept
What is an operating system & example of functions?
-piece of computer that controls hardware and software/allows user to interact with the computer -updating OS, copy and delete files
What is an interrupt and how does it allow multitasking?
-signal that tells CPU to stop a current operation -time slicing, things can be run in the background while giving priority to important
Linux command to create and delete user
-sudo adduser name -sudo userdel -r name
What is virtual memory?
-use memory addresses for multiple things -which can be accessed
What determines the number of bits that can be transferred at a time?
-width of the bus
What is VIM?
A text editor
Functions of wireless router
Combines many capabilities and allows access to a LAN
When shouldn't you remove microSD?
Connected to Power
What Linux distribution is Raspberry Pi?
Debian Linux
Does larger die size increase or decrease overall wafer yield?
Decrease, less wafers can be yielded
2 Ways - Network connectivity
Ethernet, USB
How do you replace the operating system?
Insert new microSD or reformat
What allocates memory resources?
Kernel
LAN
Local Area Network
What are general-purpose registers?
Locations that hold a limited number of storage locations, located on silicon of CPU
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
What does cd .. do?
Moves the directory back a single directory
Does Raspberry Pi have a hard drive?
No, data not stored on board
What is Moore's Law?
Number of transistors on a single chip would double every year, later slowed to every 18 months
LED's on Raspberry Pi
PWR LED- Red ACT LED - Flashes Network LED - Green or Yellow
Name 3 operating systems for Raspberry Pi
Raspbian, OSMC, LibreElec
How does the CPU locate the correct place in memory for reading and writing?
Relying on the control unit
What is the purpose of two's complement?
Represent signed numbers
What is a SoC?
System-on-a-chip, holds all the main components of a computer (GPU,CPU)
How are binary states represented
by base 2
Relationship between bit and byte
byte is 8 bits
What is a word
fixed unit of data handled by processor or instruction set
Function of Status register
holds a value divided into a bit or multiple bits
Function of Program Counter
holds instructions to be brought into memory for further execution
Linux command for current directory
pwd
Linux command to launch Python 3
python3
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ Processor
quad-core 64-bit @ 1.4Ghz
IEEE 754 Floating Point Standard
represent real numbers
How many volts does Raspberry Pi require?
5VDC @ 1.5A/2A
What is a DNS server?
-Domain Name System server: a computer or computers hosting data for other to access -database of many public IP addresses, translates them
What is a kernel?
-Part of the operating system that controls other parts -Everything necessary for an interface to be able to use applications
Harvard Architecture
-Stores programs and data in separate memory units. Entering or altering programs is harder with this method
How many bits are in 8 kilobytes
64000 bits
How many bytes do typical memory locations store?
1 byte
Four basic types of instructions for CPU
1. Arithmetic 2. Logic 3. IO (move) 4. Control (enable functions)
Distinct symbols in hexadecimal
1. B/b 2. 0b 3. % 1. H/h 2. 0x 3. $
General linux booting process
1. BIOS 2. MBR 3. GRUB 4. Kernel 5. Init 6. Runlevel
Steps to install Raspbian
1. Download 2. Format Boot 3. Flash Image 4. SSH file
Raspberry Pi booting process
1. GPU on, ARM off 2. GPU executes boot loader from ROM 3. Reads microSD card and loads second stage boot loader in L2 4. SDRAM turns on and starts third stage boot loader 5. GPU firmware, start.elf, starts the OS
Integrated Circuit Fabrication Process
1. Incoming Inspection 2. Laser 3. Sputter 4. Photoresist 5. Photolithography 6. Develop 7. Etch 8. Dice and Dismount 9. Final Inspection
Five Generations of Computer
1. Vacuum Tubes 2. Transistors 3. Integrated Circuits 4. Microprocessors 5. Artificial Intelligence
How would you create a new directory, navigate, and display files
1. mkdir 2. cd 3. ls
Nanometer manufacturing for Intel Kaby Lake
14 nm
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ RAM
1GB SRAM
What is the maximum decimal value for 32 bits unsigned
2^32 - 1
What is the range for an n-bit unsigned binary integer
2^n - 1
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ Speed
300Mbps
What is a nibble?
4 bits
Functions of Cable Modem
Access to Internet through coaxial connection
Functions of Switch
Allows devices on a network to communicate and connect with each other
What does tab do?
Attempts to finish a command
What is computer organization
HOW, how the organization of a computer is implemented into its inner workings
What is the purpose of computer memory?
Hold data and instructions for changing the data
What is overflow?
Value goes past allowed number of bits
What is computer architecture
WHAT, the hardware that makes up a computer
WAN
Wide Area Network
Does Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ have Bluetooth?
Yes
What is the system bus?
lines that provide a path for moving data, control, and address information
Linux command to find out IP address of UVM
nslookup uvm.edu
Linux command for elevated authority
sudo
How do you update Raspbian?
sudo apt-get update upgrade does the actual installation