CS121 Midterm

What is an IP address?

-a unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network

What is the purpose of the ALU

-arithmetic logic unit -does simple math and logical operations

Von Neumann Architecture

-modern computer structure consisting of four subsystems: memory, I/O, ALU, and control unit, and the stored program concept and sequential execution of instructions concept

What is an operating system & example of functions?

-piece of computer that controls hardware and software/allows user to interact with the computer -updating OS, copy and delete files

What is an interrupt and how does it allow multitasking?

-signal that tells CPU to stop a current operation -time slicing, things can be run in the background while giving priority to important

Linux command to create and delete user

-sudo adduser name -sudo userdel -r name

What is virtual memory?

-use memory addresses for multiple things -which can be accessed

What determines the number of bits that can be transferred at a time?

-width of the bus

What is VIM?

A text editor

Functions of wireless router

Combines many capabilities and allows access to a LAN

When shouldn't you remove microSD?

Connected to Power

What Linux distribution is Raspberry Pi?

Debian Linux

Does larger die size increase or decrease overall wafer yield?

Decrease, less wafers can be yielded

2 Ways - Network connectivity

Ethernet, USB

How do you replace the operating system?

Insert new microSD or reformat

What allocates memory resources?

Kernel

LAN

Local Area Network

What are general-purpose registers?

Locations that hold a limited number of storage locations, located on silicon of CPU

MAN

Metropolitan Area Network

What does cd .. do?

Moves the directory back a single directory

Does Raspberry Pi have a hard drive?

No, data not stored on board

What is Moore's Law?

Number of transistors on a single chip would double every year, later slowed to every 18 months

LED's on Raspberry Pi

PWR LED- Red ACT LED - Flashes Network LED - Green or Yellow

Name 3 operating systems for Raspberry Pi

Raspbian, OSMC, LibreElec

How does the CPU locate the correct place in memory for reading and writing?

Relying on the control unit

What is the purpose of two's complement?

Represent signed numbers

What is a SoC?

System-on-a-chip, holds all the main components of a computer (GPU,CPU)

How are binary states represented

by base 2

Relationship between bit and byte

byte is 8 bits

What is a word

fixed unit of data handled by processor or instruction set

Function of Status register

holds a value divided into a bit or multiple bits

Function of Program Counter

holds instructions to be brought into memory for further execution

Linux command for current directory

pwd

Linux command to launch Python 3

python3

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ Processor

quad-core 64-bit @ 1.4Ghz

IEEE 754 Floating Point Standard

represent real numbers

How many volts does Raspberry Pi require?

5VDC @ 1.5A/2A

What is a DNS server?

-Domain Name System server: a computer or computers hosting data for other to access -database of many public IP addresses, translates them

What is a kernel?

-Part of the operating system that controls other parts -Everything necessary for an interface to be able to use applications

Harvard Architecture

-Stores programs and data in separate memory units. Entering or altering programs is harder with this method

How many bits are in 8 kilobytes

64000 bits

How many bytes do typical memory locations store?

1 byte

Four basic types of instructions for CPU

1. Arithmetic 2. Logic 3. IO (move) 4. Control (enable functions)

Distinct symbols in hexadecimal

1. B/b 2. 0b 3. % 1. H/h 2. 0x 3. $

General linux booting process

1. BIOS 2. MBR 3. GRUB 4. Kernel 5. Init 6. Runlevel

Steps to install Raspbian

1. Download 2. Format Boot 3. Flash Image 4. SSH file

Raspberry Pi booting process

1. GPU on, ARM off 2. GPU executes boot loader from ROM 3. Reads microSD card and loads second stage boot loader in L2 4. SDRAM turns on and starts third stage boot loader 5. GPU firmware, start.elf, starts the OS

Integrated Circuit Fabrication Process

1. Incoming Inspection 2. Laser 3. Sputter 4. Photoresist 5. Photolithography 6. Develop 7. Etch 8. Dice and Dismount 9. Final Inspection

Five Generations of Computer

1. Vacuum Tubes 2. Transistors 3. Integrated Circuits 4. Microprocessors 5. Artificial Intelligence

How would you create a new directory, navigate, and display files

1. mkdir 2. cd 3. ls

Nanometer manufacturing for Intel Kaby Lake

14 nm

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ RAM

1GB SRAM

What is the maximum decimal value for 32 bits unsigned

2^32 - 1

What is the range for an n-bit unsigned binary integer

2^n - 1

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ Speed

300Mbps

What is a nibble?

4 bits

Functions of Cable Modem

Access to Internet through coaxial connection

Functions of Switch

Allows devices on a network to communicate and connect with each other

What does tab do?

Attempts to finish a command

What is computer organization

HOW, how the organization of a computer is implemented into its inner workings

What is the purpose of computer memory?

Hold data and instructions for changing the data

What is overflow?

Value goes past allowed number of bits

What is computer architecture

WHAT, the hardware that makes up a computer

WAN

Wide Area Network

Does Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ have Bluetooth?

Yes

What is the system bus?

lines that provide a path for moving data, control, and address information

Linux command to find out IP address of UVM

nslookup uvm.edu

Linux command for elevated authority

sudo

How do you update Raspbian?

sudo apt-get update upgrade does the actual installation