csci 1733 ch1

Distinguish mobile computing from traditional desktop computing.

==MOBILE COMPUTING: (smart-phones/tablets) more functionality; uses cellular data networks for connectivity --DESKTOP COMPUTING: interconnect via wireless networks; Portals provide web access to internal systems; Stand-alone general-purpose machines

Which of the following technology reduces the overhead for bulk data movement? A) Direct Memory Access (DMA) B) Non-uniform Memory Access (NUMA) C) Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) D) Storage Area Network (SAN)

A) Direct Memory Access (DMA)

____ operating systems are designed primarily to maximize resource utilization. A) PC B) Handheld computer C) Mainframe D) Network

A) PC

Which of the following components of a computer system defines the ways to use system resources to solve computing problems? A) application programs B) operating system C) computer hardware D) computer logo

A) application programs

Which of the following principles is used for adding and removing items from a queue? A) first in first out (FIFO) B) last in first out (LIFO) C) random order D) round robin

A) first in first out (FIFO)

Where is the location of L1 cache? A) inside CPU core B) inside processor but outside CPU core C) inside main memory D) inside registers

A) inside CPU core

Which of the following clears the interrupt by servicing the device? A) interrupt request line B) interrupt-controller hardware C) interrupt vector D) interrupt service routine

A) interrupt request line

The device controller _____ an interrupt by asserting a signal on the interrupt request line. A) raises B) catches C) dispatches D) clears

A) raises

Which of the following is NOT secondary storage device? A) random access memory B) solid state disks C) optical disk D) magnetic tape

A) random access memory

What two operating systems currently dominate mobile computing?

APPLE IOS & GOOGLE ANDRIOD

Which of the following is the definition of processor? A) the hardware that executes instructions B) a physical chip that contains one or more CPUs C) the basic computation unit of the CPU D) including multiple computing cores on the same CPU

B) a physical chip that contains one or more CPUs

Which of the following contains the addresses of all the service routines? A) page table B) interrupt vector C) system call table D) file descriptor table

B) interrupt vector

Which of the following principles is used for adding and removing items from a stack? A) first in first out (FIFO) B) last in first out (LIFO) C) random order D) round robin

B) last in first out (LIFO)

Which of the following is tertiary storage medium? A) register B) magnetic tapes C) main memory D) hard-disk drive

B) magnetic tapes

Which of the following computing environments place rigid time requirements on the operation of a processor or the flow of data? A) traditional computing B) real-time embedded system C) client-server computing D) peer-to-peer computing

B) real-time embedded system

Which of the following storage medium is the slowest regarding access speed? A) cache B) solid state drive C) register D) main memory

B) solid state drive

What are some other terms for kernel mode? A) supervisor mode B) system mode C) privileged mode D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Which of the following programs runs all the time on the computer? A) compiler B) assembler C) text editor D) Kernel

D) Kernel

Which of the following is loosely coupled? A) multiprocessor systems B) single-processor system C) multi-core processor D) clustered system

D) clustered system

Which of the following is nonvolatile? A) register B) cache C) main memory D) hard-disk drive

D) hard-disk drive

The two separate modes of operating in a system are A) supervisor mode and system mode B) kernel mode and privileged mode C) physical mode and logical mode D) user mode and kernel mode

D) user mode and kernel mode

Which of the following will trigger an interrupt? A) kernel function B) software execution C) CPU execution D)I/O completion

D)I/O completion

Which of the following are used by Linux kernel as data structures? A) Lists, Stacks, and Queues B) Trees C) Hash Functions and Maps D) Bitmaps E) All of the above

E) All of the above

The process runs with effective UID all the time until the process is stopped. (T/F)

FALSE

Explain the purpose of an interrupt vector.

- contains the addresses of all the service routines -indexed by a unique number, given with the interrupt request, to provide the address of the interrupt service routine for the interrupting device.

Describe the compute-server and file-server types of server systems.

----file-serve system provides a file-system interface where clients can create, update, read, and delete files. An example of such a system is a web server that delivers files to clients running web browsers. The actual contents of the files can vary greatly, ranging from traditional web pages to rich multimedia content such as high-definition video. ----compute-server system provides an interface to which a client can send a request to perform an action (for example, read data). In response, the server executes the action and sends the results to the client. A server running a database that responds to client requests for data is an example of such a system.

Explain cache coherency.

---In multiprocessor environments, two copies of the same data may reside in the local cache of each CPU. Whenever one CPU alters the data, the cache of the other CPU must receive an updated version of this data. --the coordination of the contents of caches such that an update to a value stored in one cache is immediately reflected in all other caches that hold that value.

Describe cloud computing.

--A computing environment in which hardware, software, or other resources are made available to customers across a WAN, such as the Internet, usually with APIs for management. A type of computing that delivers computing, stor- age, and even applications "as a service" across a network.

Why is main memory not suitable for permanent program storage or backup purposes? Furthermore, what is the main disadvantage to storing information on a magnetic disk drive as opposed to main memory?

--loses its content when power is turned off or otherwise lost—we cannot trust it to hold the bootstrap program. --too small to store all needed programs and data permanently. -BC magnetic disk drives are much slower

Distinguish between system and application programs.

--system programs : associated with the operating system (not necessarily apart of kernel); programs that manage the computer hardware and the programs that run on them. ex: operating systems, utility programs, software development tools --application programs: all programs not associated with operation of the system; programs that provide services to the user. ex: word processing, games, programs to solve specific problems

Describe the differences between physical, virtual, and logical memory.

-Physical memory is RAM; Actual location in physical memory of code or data. -LOGICAL Memory as viewed by the user; usually a large uniform array, not matching physical memory in virtual memory systems. -VirtualT : A technique that allows the execution of a process that is not completely in memory; The logical view of how a process is stored in memory.

Explain the difference between protection and security.

-Protection measures control the access of processes or users to the resources made available by the computer system. -Security: defense of the system against internal and external attacks

Explain the difference between singly, doubly, and circularly linked lists.

-SLL: each item points to its successor, -DLL: a given item can refer either to its predecessor or to its successor -CLL: last element in the list refers to the first element, rather than to null

What role do device controllers and device drivers play in a computer system?

-device controller : responsible for moving the data between the peripheral devices that it controls and its local buffer storage. -device driver: understands controller and provides the rest of the operating system with a uniform interface to the device.

What is a bootstrap program, and where is it stored?

-stored within the computer hardware in firmware. -locate the operating-system kernel and load it into memory; load the operating system and start executing that program

Explain why an operating system can be viewed as a resource allocator.

-the o.s acts as the manager for the resources. -facing numerous and conflicting requests the o.s must decide how to allocate them to specific programs and users , so it can operate the computer system fairly and efficiently.

Describe why direct memory access (DMA) is considered an efficient mechanism for performing I/O.

-used for bulk data movemenT - enables a device to transfer data without exposing the CPU to a work overload -able to transmit information at close to memory speeds

Describe the operating system's two modes of operation.

-user mode: When the computer system is executing on behalf of a user application, the system is in user mode -kernel mode: when a user application requests a service from the operating system (via a system call); whenever the operating system gains control of the computer

A system call is triggered by hardware. (T/F)

false

All computer systems have some sort of user interaction. (T/F)

false

On UNIX, the setuid attribute on a program causes that program to run with the user ID of the current user's ID. (T/F)

false

Solid state disks are considered volatile storage. (T/F)

false

A system call runs in kernel mode only.(T/F)

false (user mode also)

Describe why multi-core processing is more efficient than placing each processor on its own chip.

multi processor increases the number of processors able to run on the chip.( in turn there will also be more CPU/NODES) this increases the throughput (get more work done in less time)

Map Reduce is a system, which allows for parallel processing of data across nodes in the cluster. (T/F)

true

Processors for most mobile devices run at a slower speed than a processor in a desktop PC. (T/F)

true

Skype uses a hybrid peer-to-peer approach. (T/F)

true

Solid state disks are generally faster than magnetic disks. (T/F)

true

There is no universally accepted definition of an operating system. (T/F)

true

VMware is a virtual machine manager when it manages guest operating systems. (T/F)

true

Virtually all modern operating systems provide support for SMP (symmetric multiprocessing) (T/F)

true

Computer systems can be divided into four approximate components. What are they?

user, hardware, operating system, application programs

Why are clustered systems considered to provide high-availability service?

BECAUSE the service will continue even if one or more systems in the cluster fail

Which of the following is the denotation of 10243 bytes? A) KB B) MB C) GB D) TB

C) GB

In what way is an operating system like a government? A) It seldom functions correctly. B) It creates an environment within which other programs can do useful work. C) It performs most useful functions by itself. D) It is always concerned primarily with the individual's needs.

C) It performs most useful functions by itself.

Which of the following statements is false? A) Mobile devices must be concerned with power consumption. B) Mobile devices can provide features that are unavailable on desktop or laptop computers. C) The difference in storage capacity between a mobile device and laptop is shrinking. D) Mobile devices usually have fewer processing cores than a standard desktop computer.

C) The difference in storage capacity between a mobile device and laptop is shrinking.

What statement concerning privileged instructions is considered false? A) They may cause harm to the system. B) They can only be executed in kernel mode. C) They cannot be attempted from user mode. D) They are used to manage interrupts.

C) They cannot be attempted from user mode.

The CPU catches the interrupt and ____ it to the interrupt handler A) raises B) catches C) dispatches D) clears

C) dispatches

Which of the following stage triggers the CPU switch from user program to interrupt processing? A) I/O request B) transfer done C) interrupt signaled D) interrupt handled

C) interrupt signaled

Distinguish between uniform memory accesses (UMA) and non-uniform memory access (NUMA) systems.

NUMA: provide multiple CPU (or group of CPUs) with its own local memory that is accessed via a small, fast local bus UMA: a single memory controller is used and it is applicable for general purpose applications and time sharing applications