CSE Exam 2
8. What are the features of a component system?
A component device is composed of various standalone parts, such as a display unit, system unit, and keyboard.
11. What is important to remember about device maintenance?
Before you undertake any maintenance, turn the device off and disconnect any power cables.
60. Can a network use more than one topology?
Data can flow over multiple networks that have different topologies.
76. Do you need a domain name?
For client-style internet activities, such as web browsing, email, and downloading, you do not need your own domain name. However, domain names are useful for businesses and individual artists, musicians, or crafters who want to engage in online commerce.
93. Do IoT networks use Wi-Fi technology?
Most sensors use battery power to collect data and to transmit it. Wi-fi is fairly power-hungry so it is not an optimal IoT technology. Existing wireless technologies such as RFID and NFC offer potential solutions.
87. Are LANs regulated by the government?
Most wireless LANs use unlicensed frequencies so that they can be set up without applying to the FCC for permission. These few are crowded, however, and neighboring networks that are forced to use the same frequencies pose security risks.
20. How does the cache size affect performance?
A CPU cache is a special high-speed memory that allows a microprocessor to access data more rapidly than from memory located elsewhere on the system board.
1. What is a computer?
A computer is a multipurpose device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions.
45. What is a device driver?
A device driver is a software that helps a peripheral device establish communication with its host device.
75. What is the domain name system?
A domain name is a key component of web page addresses and email addresses. The mechanism for tracking domain names and their corresponding IP addresses is called the domain name system.
31. How does a hard disk drive work?
A hard disk drive contains one or more platters and their associated read-write heads. The platters rotate as a unit on a spindle, making thousands of rotations per minute. Each platter has a read-write head that hovers just a few microinches above the surface.
49. How do laser printers compare to inkjet printers?
A laser printer uses the same technology as a photocopier to paint dots of light on a light-sensitive drum. A laser printer prints faster than an inkjet prA laser printer uses the same technology as a photocopier to paint dots of light on a light-sensitive drum. A laser printer prints faster than an inkjet printer, but laser technology is more complex than inkjet technology, which accounts for the higher price.inter, but laser technology is more complex than inkjet technology, which accounts for the higher price.
37. When should you use memory cards?
A memory card is a flat, solid-state storage medium commonly used to transfer files from digital cameras and media players to computers.
17. What exactly is a microprocessor, and what does it look like?
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions. They look like chips for desktops and laptops
50. What is a network?
A network links things together. A communication network links together devices so that data and information can be shared.
67. What is a packet?
A packet is a parcel of data that is sent across a computer network. Each packet contains the address of the sender, the destination address, a sequence number, and some data.
71. What is a communications port?
A port is a virtual endpoint for data entering and leaving a digital device. They are not physical like a USB port but rather abstract in the sense that they are like doorways or openings of a portal through which data flows.
74. What is a private IP address?
A private IP address can be allocated by any network without supervision from ICANN. However, the address cannot be used to send data over the Internet; it is not routable.
94. What is the difference between a sensor and a tag?
A sensor, such as a thermometer or heart rate monitor, actively collects data. Tags can be battery-powered, but many RFID and NFC tags contain no power source of their own and depend on the receiving device to provide the power for data exchange.
38. Do you need a solid-state drive?
A solid-state drive is a package of flash memory that can be used as a substitute for a hard disk drive. An SSD is installed inside the system unit and is not meant to be removed except for servicing.
33. What should you know about hard disk drive specifications?
Access time is the average time it takes a computer to locate data on the storage medium and read it. Hard disk access times of 6 to 11 ms are not uncommon. Hard disk drives have much faster access times than CDs
42. How do expansion ports relate to the rest of the circuitry in a device?
All of the components on the system board are connected by circuitry. The main circuits that carry data are called the data bus. These circuits carry data at lightning speeds as pulses of electrical voltages.
5. What is an integrated circuit?
An IC is a set of microscopic electronic components etched onto a thin slice of semiconducting material.
48. How does an inkjet printer work?
An inkjet printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays the ink onto paper to form characters and graphics
22. How does an instruction set affect performance?
As chip designers developed various instruction sets for microprocessors, they added increasingly complex instructions, each requiring several clock cycles for execution. A microprocessor with such an instruction set uses CISC, and one with a limited set of simple instructions uses RISC which performs most instructions faster than a CISC.
34. How does optical technology work?
CD, DVD, and Blue-ray technologies are classified as optical storage, which represents data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disc surface. An optical drive contains a laser that directs a beam of light toward the underside of the disc. The reflected light is collected by a lens and converted into 0s and 1s that represent data
53. What are the advantages of wired channels?
Cables can be shielded against interference and encased in protective casings for installations that are outdoors and underground. Wired connections are dependable, their carrying capacity and speed are not affected by airborne interference from rain, snow, or electrical devices. They are more secure than their wireless counterparts because a device can join a wired network only if it is physically connected by a cable.
83. How does mobile broadband work?
Cell networks transmit voice and data using radio signals. The signals flow between a device such as a mobile phone and a cellular radio tower. The transmitters and receivers on each tower cover a specific area and use a unique frequency, data signals are passed to ground stations where they are forwarded over a packet-switched network to the Internet. Voice signals may be routed to a circuit-switched network
9. What are the features of a clamshell device?
Clamshell devices have a keyboard as the base and a screen on the hinged cover.
64. What can communication protocols do?
Communication protocols refers to a set of rules for efficiently transmitting data from one network node to another. Protocols set standards for encoding and decoding data, guiding data to its destination, and reducing the effects of interference. Networks use more than one protocol, and the collection of protocols for a network is referred to as a protocol stack. Some protocols set standards for the physical cables and signals used to connect network nodes.
3. What kinds of software do computers run?
Computers run three main types of software: application software, system software, and development tools.
16. How important is compatibility?
Computers that operate in essentially the same way and use the same software are said to be compatible. Computers with the same operating systems can typically use the same software and peripheral devices.
79. What does connection speed measure?
Connection speed has little to do with distance. The most common measurement of connection speed is the amount of data that can be transmitted in a specific time. It measures capacity.
10. What are the features of a slate device?
Devices configured in the slate form factor feature a touchscreen that covers most of the device's surface.
61. What should you know about network nodes?
Devices on a network are classified as DTEs or DCEs. DTE stands for data terminal equipment. A DTE can be any device that stores or generates data. DCE stands for data communication equipment. These devices control the speed of data over networks, convert signals as they jump from cables to wireless, check for corrupted data, and route data from its origin to its destination.
4. What are digital electronics?
Digital electronics represent data bits as electrical signals that travel over circuits in much the same way that electricity flows over the wire when you turn on a light switch.
88. How does Ethernet work?
Ethernet was originally a bus topology in which computers were all strung along a cable like birds on a power line. Today's ethernet LANs are usually arranged in a star topology with computers wired to central switching circuitry that is incorporated in modem routers. Data sent from a computer on the network is transmitted to the router, which then sends the data to the network nodes.
73. Does every Internet user need an IP address?
Every device on the internet needs an IP address. Many, but not all, devices on the internet have permanently assigned IP addresses, called static IP addresses.
65. Who supervises Internet standards?
Every internet node- each server, each computer, and each piece of data communication equipment - must have a unique address in order to send and receive data. The organization that supervises internet addressing is ICANN
62. What topology is best?
Every topology has strengths and weaknesses, so there is no best network topology.
82. What are your Internet connection options?
Fixed Internet Access- links your computer to an ISP from a stationary point and it is dependable as well as relatively cost-effective. home Portable Internet Access- allows you to easily move your access device, as in the case of a vehicle-mounted satellite. Like a portable charger- wherever you go Mobile Internet Access- allows you to use the internet while you are on the go, like using the internet while on the train this service requires a data plan
57. How does licensing affect wireless connections?
Government agencies regulate signals that are sent through the air. To broadcast at most frequencies, including those used by radio and television stations, a license is required.
26. How does RAM work?
In RAM, microscopic electronic parts called capacitors hold the bits that represent data. A RAM address on each bank helps the computer locate data, as needed, for processing.
59. What is network topology?
In the context of communication networks, topology refers to the structure and layout of network components, such as computers, connecting cables, and wireless signal paths. When you envision how devices are connected by communication channels, you are creating a picture of the network's topology.
72. Exactly what is an Internet address?
Internet addresses are controlled by IP which along with TCP is a part of the internet protocol suite. IP defines two sets of addresses: IPv4 and IPv6.
90. How fast is the Wi-Fi?
It is available in several versions that operate at different speeds and have different ranges. Current standards include 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ad.
58. What is bandwidth?
It is the transmission capacity of a communication channel. A high-bandwidth communication channel can carry more data than a low-bandwidth channel.
81. What are jitter and packet loss?
Jitter measures the variability of packet latency. Packet loss refers to data that never reaches its destination or gets discarded because it arrives too late to be of any use.
86. What are the characteristics of LANs?
Local area networks are often referred to as LANs. They are designed to provide connectivity for devices within a limited area, typically within the premises of a home, office, building, business, and school. It has typology and uses communication protocols to ship packets. They require communication channels such as cables or wireless signals and also include data communication equipment such as routers and modems.
30. Which storage technology is best?
Local storage refers to storage devices and media that can be directly attached to a computer, smartphone, or appliance. Each local storage option has its advantages and disadvantages, to compare the options it is useful to review their durability, dependability, speed, capacity, and cost.
41. What are the expansion ports?
Many digital devices have ports in the system unit for connecting cables and various add-ons. Because these ports expand the options for input, output, and storage, they are commonly called expansion ports. When you plug in a USB flash drive or insert a memory card, you are using an expansion port.
55. How do microwaves transport data?
Microwaves provide another option for transporting data wirelessly. They are electromagnetic signals that can be aimed in a single direction and have more carrying capacity than radio waves. However, they cannot penetrate metal objects and work best for line-of-sight transmission when a clear path exists between the transmitter and receiver.
84. How fast is mobile broadband service?
Mobile broadband has evolved through several generations 3G- common protocols included CDMA, which reached maximum download speeds of 4.9 Mbps, and GSM EDGE with 1.6 Mbps speeds. 4G- LTE is most widespread and has a maximum download rates of 300 Mbps and upload rates of 75 Mbps. The actual speeds enjoyed by consumers are significantly slower. Mobile broadband speed decreases at the edges of coverages: reduced by obstacles such as trees, hills, interference from speakers, and microwave ovens.
51. How are computer networks classified?
Networks can be classified according to their size and geographic scope
14. What about other digital devices?
Niche devices all have one thing in common: they contain a microprocessor and some may be classified as wearable computers (i.e. smartwatches and fitness trackers)
69. How are packets created?
One of the core internet protocols, TCP is responsible for dividing files into chunks, adding headers containing information for reassembling packets in their original order, and verifying that data was not corrupted while in transit (error checking).
13. What are the options for personal computers?
Personal computers can be classified as desktop, portable, or mobile devices.
27. Can a computer run out of memory?
Probably not. If a program exceeds its allocated space, the operating system uses an area of the hard disk or another storage medium as virtual memory to store parts of programs or data files until they are needed.
35. What's the significance of ROM, R, and RW?
ROM- CDs and DVDs are mass-produced. Their contents cannot be changed; their lifespan is estimated to be 100 years. R- Data can be written on a recordable disc by consumer devices, but once written, the data cannot be changed, lifespan 100 yrs RW- Data can be written on the disc and later changed. The estimated lifespan of data is about 30 years.
54. What are the options for wireless channels?
Radio signals and microwaves.
25. What is RAM?
Random Access Memory is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system.
29. What is EEPROM?
Read only memory whose contents can be erased and reprogammed using a pulse voltage
28. What is ROM?
Read-Only Memory is a type of memory circuitry that is housed in a single integrated circuit on the system board
39. What is cloud storage?
Remote storage is housed on an external device that can be accessed from a network, it can be available as an internet service.
63. What about DCEs?
Repeaters, switches, and hubs
77. How does the domain name system work?
Scattered around the world are several domain name servers that maintain lists of all domain names and their corresponding IP addresses. In addition, frequently used domain names are stored by ISPs, educational institutions, organizations, and internet companies such as Google.
47. What factors affect image quality?
Screen size- the measurement in inches from one corner of the screen diagonally across the opposite corner Response rate- the time it takes for one pixel to change from black to white then back to black Dot pitch- the distance in millimeters between like-colored LEDs Dot pitch- the distance in millimeters between like-colored LEDs Screen resolution- the number of horizontal and vertical pixels that a device displays on the screen
36. What is solid-state storage?
Solid-state storage stores data in erasable, rewritable circuitry, rather than on spinning disks or streaming tape. Each data bit is held in a gate-like circuit that can be open or shut.
68. Why not just send an entire message?
Some communication networks, such as telephone systems, use a technology called circuit switching, which essentially establishes a dedicated, private link between one telephone and another for the duration of a call. Unfortunately, circuit switching is rather inefficient, like when a call is on hold, no communication is taking place-yet the circuit is reserved and cannot be used for other communications.
15. Why is it important to figure out how you are going to use your new device?
Some digital tasks require specific devices, processing power, storage capacity, and connectivity. For this reason, if you consider the usage guidelines you are more likely to buy the right choice of a device without purchasing expensive upgrades later.
23. Can a microprocessor execute more than one instruction?
Some processors execute instructions one at a time. Serial processing- the processor must complete all steps in the instruction cycle before it begins to execute the next instruction. When a processor begins to execute an instruction before it completes the previous instruction, it is using pipeline processing. Parallel processing executes more than one instruction at a time and this efficient processing technology along with pipeline offer better performance than serial processing.
70. How are packets transported?
TCP is also responsible for establishing a connection, transferring packets, and closing the connection when the transmission is complete. Most of the data that flows over the internet is done under TCP. An alternative is UDP which is faster but does not perform error checking and cannot reorder packets if they are received out of order.
19. What is FSB?
The FSB connects the computer's processor to the system memory (RAM) and other components on the motherboard. These components include the system chipset, AGP card, PCI devices, and other peripherals.
66. What are the components of the Internet?
The Internet is structured as a hierarchy of networks. Tier 1 networks are at the top of the hierarchy, followed by Tier 2 and Tier 3 networks. Tier 1 networks form the Internet backbone, a system of high-capacity routers and fiber-optic communication links providing the main routes for data speeding across the Internet.
18. What is a multi-core processor?
The core of a microprocessor consists of the control unit and ALU. A microprocessor that contains circuitry for more than one processing unit is called a multi-core processor, having more cores usually equates to faster performance.
6. How do chips fit together?
The electronic components of most digital devices are mounted on a circuit board called a system board, motherboard, or mainboard.
2. What is significant about a computer's ability to store instructions?
The instructions that tell a digital device how to carry out processing tasks which are referred to as a computer program. These programs from the software that sets up a computer to do a specific task.
12. What is the most powerful computer?
The most powerful computers now include supercomputers, mainframes, and servers. These are generally used in businesses and government agencies.
40. What should you know about cloud storage?
The term cloud storage refers to a set of technologies for transporting, synchronizing, and managing data stored on banks of high-performance hard disk drives housed in the service provider's data center. It offers a generous amount of free storage space and files stored in the cloud remain there even if local device malfunctions.
7. What is the form factor?
The term form factor refers to the size and dimensions of a device or component, such as circuit boards and system units.
46. What are your options for display devices?
Two are LCD and LED. LCD technology produces an image by filtering light through a layer of liquid crystal cells.
44. What is hot-plugging?
When a peripheral device is connected or disconnected while the host device is operating, it is called hot-plugging.
43. What should you know about expansion ports?
When making a connection between a peripheral device and a computer, the cable must connect to the proper expansion port.
91. What is the range of a Wi-Fi network?
Wi-Fi signals may reach up to 300 feet (90 meters) from the router. Thick cement walls, steel beams, and other environmental obstacles can drastically reduce this range.
52. What are the options for wired channels?
Wired channels include twisted pair wires used for telephone landlines, coaxial cables used for cable television networks, category 6 cables used for LANs, and fiber-optic cables used for high-capacity trunk lines that provide main routes for telephone, cable, and internet communications.
56. Why is wireless slower than wired?
Wireless signals are susceptible to interference from devices such as microwave ovens, cordless telephones, and baby monitors. When interference affects a wireless signal, data must be retransmitted, which takes extra time.
21. What impact does word size have on performance?
Word size refers to the number of bits that a microprocessor can manipulate at one time. It controls the amount of memory that the processor can access. A large word size gives processors the ability to handle more data during each processing cycle- a factor that leads to increased performance.
85. Can you get a mobile broadband for your laptop?
Yes you can use it to access the internet from a laptop or desktop computer. Most of today's smartphones include a tethering feature that connects wirelessly with other digital devices. You can set up tethering to create a mobile hotspot.
89. How does Wi-Fi work?
You can set up wi-fi in 2 ways: wireless mesh topology in which devices broadcast directly to each other and star topology in which a centralized broadcasting device- a wireless access point- coordinates communication among network devices.
78. Can you use an alternate DNS server?
You might be able to bypass DNS outages, blocks, and hacks by changing your DNS server. Errors in the domain name tables may be limited to the domain name server that you are using.
80. Why are upload and download speeds different?
Your bandwidth cap is the top speed allowed by your service plan. During peak times, ISPs can place further limits on speed, a process called bandwidth throttling. When internet upload speed differs from download speed, you have an asymmetric connection. When upload and download speeds are the same, you have a symmetric connection.