Csp 300 Exam 2
-racial prejudice rests on the belief that one's own race is superior to another race -systemic vs individual -sue would call this a mircoassault
Racism & stress
if you have a moderate stress level, illness decreases and performance increases
The Yerkes-Dodson curve shows that...
daily hassles
The _____ _____ most frequently experienced by students include finances, relationships, and time pressures
White Americans
The infant mortality rate is lowest among which racial group?
one that constantly changes in pitch or frequency
The most disturbing type of noise is:
microinvalidation
communications that subtly exclude, negate, or nullify the thoughts, feelings or experiential reality of a person of color; ex: White people often ask Asian-Americans where they were born, conveying the message that they are perpetual foreigners in their own land
aggressive
acting in a way to get what one is entitled to, one's rights, but at the expense of someone else's rights
assertive
acting in a way to get what one is entitled to, one's rights, but not at the expense of someone else's rights
sitting on the border
adopting a multiracial perspective
creating a home base in one identity
adopting a multiracial perspective, but periodically becoming involved in other racial groups
burnout
an adverse stress reaction to work with psychological, psychophysiological, and behavioral components
minority
any group smaller than and differing from the larger, controlling group in the community or nation (racial, religious, ethnic, sexual, gender, differently abled, etc.)
culture
attitudes, customs, and beliefs shared by a group and shared through language, rituals, institutions, foods, and arts
fearful, panic
catastrophic orientations lead to being _____/____
interpretation of a stressor
cognitive appraisal of a stressful situation is the...
microassaults
conscious and intentional actions or slurs, such as using racial epithets like displaying swastikas or serving white before black at restaurant - classic racism
situational ethnicity
consciously switching between racial groups
hassles
daily interactions with the environment that are essentially negative
microaggressions
everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional which communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership highlight individuals' differences through the lenses of majority culture as the norm
anger at others, irritable, alienated
externalizing orientations lead to:
pseudostressors
food substances that produce a stress like response; also called sympathomimetics
anxious
future orientations lead to being _____
nonassertive
giving up what one is entitled to, one's rights, in order not to upset another person
intersectionality of privilege and oppression
having parts of our identity that are privileged and other parts that are oppressed (can be the same part of your identity)
social, economic, environmental
health disparities are defined as a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with ______ disadvantage(s)
sick society, stress, burden of racism, high bp, cancer, low birth weight in babies
health effects of racism:
workaholic
immersing oneself excessively in work at the expense of nonwork activities
shame, guilt, depression
internalizing orientations lead to ____/____/_____
ethnicity
large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background
having both feet in both groups
merging multiple perspectives simultaneously
false
true or false: cognitive appraisal is the same for every person
motivational factors
variables associated with job satisfaction; includes working on stimulating tasks, being recognized for work well done, and positive relationships with work colleagues
microinsult
verbal and nonverbal communications that subtly convey rudeness and insensitivity and demean a person's racial heritage or identity (ex. an employee asks a colleague of color how she got her job, implying that she may have landed it through an affirmative action or quota system)
prevention
which of Epstein's four trainable stress management skill sets has been found to be most effective?
excessive alcohol consumption
Dietary factors that increase blood pressure include:
success
A subjective and multifaceted way of looking at ourselves
stress roadblocks
According to the Stress Theory Model, ____ ____ interrupt the adverse effects of stress.
prejudice and racial profiling
Acculturation stressors include:
intervention
Activities to prevent a stressor from resulting in negative consequences
stress diary
A ____ ____ can help you to identify consistent features in the stressors you regularly encounter
feedback loop
A ____ is when a negative consequence of stress is perceived as stressful and starts the stress model all over again?
teach multiple skills
A comprehensive stress management program need to...
anxiety and muscle weakness
A deficiency in B and C vitamins may result in ____ and ____ ____
Hispanics
By 2050, ____ will be the largest minority group in the US
red meat
Cancer may be caused by diets high in...
more, greater
Holmes and Rahe found that the ____ significant life changes that a person experiences, the ____ the chance that he or she will contract more physical or psychological illness
emotional arousal
In the Stress Model, after a life situation is perceived as stressful, the next step is:
education level and race
Infant mortality is related to the mother's...
different races, ethnicities, genders, sexual identity and orientation, and geographic locations
One of the US Government's top goals for health in 2020 is to seek health equity for Americans of..
false
T/F: About 50% of adult bone mass is acquired by the age of 18 in girls
false
T/F: According to the Commonwealth Fund, white males experience a higher level of stress than both minority men and minority women
false
T/F: Attempting to control stress will enable one to release stress
true
T/F: By defining your own success you give yourself on more way to control a possible stressor
false
T/F: Homelessness is steadily decreasing in the United States
true
T/F: Kanner and his colleagues believe that everyday hassles can be more detrimental to a person's health than one isolated major event
true
T/F: Managing stress is the exercise of controlling your perceptions, emotions, and actions
true
T/F: Money is an important stressor among minorities
false
T/F: Native Americans and Alaska Natives experiences a relatively low rate of deaths caused by unintentional injuries
true
T/F: Native Americans have the highest suicide rate amongst males aged fifteen to twenty-four
false
T/F: One out of every three women ages 50 and older will have an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime
true
T/F: Poor eating habits may increase your stress level
true
T/F: Regular participation in physical activity is an important factor in achieving and maintaining optimal bone mass
false
T/F: Stress that initially appears threatening but ultimately proves beneficial is called distress
false
T/F: Sympathomimetics are effective in treating excessive stress
false
T/F: Sympathomimetics are important to consume if you are prone to stress
false
T/F: Sympathomimetics ought to be taken as supplements
False
T/F: When faced with a loss, an individual inevitably experiences a physiological arousal followed by an emotional reaction
false
T/F: Whites have a higher rate of lung disease than do African-Americans
false
T/F: Women are about 7 times more likely than men to suffer from osteoporosis
true
T/F: You cannot control stress, but you can control your response to stressful situations
false
T/F: Your first step in dealing with stress should be to develop a rigid plan
false
T/F: a person who scores high on the life-event scale should take a vacation to reduce his/her score
false
T/F: an individual with a high BMI is always considered obese
lesser than
When African Americans are exposed to stress in a laboratory, their blood pressure increase is _____ that of Whites in the same experiment
relaxation
Which of Epstein's stress management skill sets refers to techniques such as meditation or diaphragmatic breathing?
prevention
Which of Epstein's stress management skills refers to planning to avoid stressors?
thought management
Which of Epstein's stress management skills refers to reinterpreting stressful thoughts to be less stressful?
isms
____ can make that certain part of your identity feel most prominent
eustress
_____ is a term that describes stress that results in good consequences, actions that are beneficial, and that encourages optimum performance
race
a category of human kind that shares certain distinctive physical traits
hypoglycemia
a condition for low blood sugar
DESC form
a formula of verbally expressing assertiveness consisting of a description of the situation, expression of feelings, specification of preferred change, and consequences of whether or not a change is made
social identity Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem (social class, family, ethnic group, religion, football team)
a person's sense of who they are, based on their group membership(s)
privilege
a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group of people; the part of your identity you think of the least; only problem is that not everyone has it
ABC lists
a time management technique in which tasks are prioritized
mantra
a word that is the focus of meditation
reducing or eliminating the source of stress
according to Epstein's source management refers to:
which puts people of color in a psychological bind. while the person may feel insulted, she is not sure exactly why, and the perpetrator doesn't acknowledge that anything has happened bc he is not aware he has been offensive in turn this leaves the person of color to question what actually happened; result is confusion anger and an overall sapping of energy
microinsults and microinvalidations are less obvious in nature
active listening
paraphrasing the speaker's words and feelings; also called reflective listening
depressed
past orientations lead to being _____
uplifts
positive events that make us feel good
having the confidence in the ability to manage a certain situation
self efficacy is:
calcium, potassium, and zinc
stress has been found to increase the excretion of ___, ___, and ____
"isms" and oppression(systemic vs. Individual), micro aggressions, spend a day in another culture, cultural conflicts(within self and with others), acculturation, hate crimes, police brutality, lack of justice
stressors challenging minority students
occupational stress
the combination of sources of stress at work, individual characteristics, and extra organizational stressors
intersectionality
the interconnected nature of social categorization; everyone has multiple social identities; aspects of identity can be fluid or fixed
oppression
the state of being exposed to prolonged unjust treatment, control, or cruelty, the "isms"
declined, increased
the total number of AIDS cases has ____ for White Americans and _____ for Asian Americans
problem-focused coping
the use of activities specific to getting a task done
emotion-focused coping
the use of activities to feel better about the task