CTS ch 13

Describe the ethical issues of AI.

They include AI bias, AI mistakes, wealth inequality, humanity, and unemployment.

Describe the five benefits of integrating AI technologies into decision support systems.

1.Adding deductive reasoning to traditional DBMS functions, 2.improving access speed, 3.improving the creation and maintenance of databases, 4.adding the capability to handle uncertainty and fuzzy data, and 5.simplifying query operations with heuristic search algorithms.

Describe fuzzy logic and its uses.

Fuzzy logic allows a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies and deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership. It is being used in appliances, search engines, automobiles, and much more.

Define Artificial intelligence and explain how AI technologies support decision making.

Artificial intelligence (AI) consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought and behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning. AI technologies apply computers to areas that require knowledge, perception, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities. They could be used in diverse industries such as manufacturing, health care, banking, and so forth.

Describe how genetic algorithms are used.

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are search algorithms that mimic the process of natural evolution. They are used to generate solutions to optimization and search problems using such techniques as mutation, selection, crossover, and chromosome.

Describe case-based reasoning, including the four R's involved in its design and implementation.

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a problem-solving technique that matches a new case (problem) with a previously solved case and its solution, both stored in a database. After searching for a match, the CBR system offers a solution; if no match is found, even after supplying more information, the human expert must solve the problem. The four Rs involved are retrieve, reuse, revise, and retain.

Explain contextual computing.

Contextual computing refers to a computing environment that is always present, can feel our surroundings, and—based on who we are, where we are, and whom we are with—offer recommendations.

Describe an expert system, its applications, and its components.

Expert systems mimic human expertise in a particular field to solve a problem in a well-defined area. Components of an expert system include a knowledge acquisition facility, a knowledge base, a knowledge base management system (KBMS), a user interface, an explanation facility, and an inference engine.

Explain the AI impacts on automation.

Machine learning and AI are already spreading rapidly with the advent of self-driving cars, software that can respond to customer service inquiries, and robots that can manage assembly lines, flip hamburgers, cook pizza, and check store inventory. Robotic process automation (RPA) offers a number of advantages for those organizations that deploy them strategically for the right applications such as cost effectiveness and improved accuracy and quality.

Explain machine learning and artificial neural networks.

Machine learning is a process and procedure by which knowledge is gained through experience. In other words, computers learn without being explicitly programmed. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are networks that learn and are capable of performing tasks that are difficult with conventional computers, such as playing chess, recognizing patterns in faces and objects, and filtering spam e-mail.

Explain natural-language processing and its major categories.

Natural-language processing (NLP) was developed so users could communicate with computers in human language. It is major categories include interface to databases, machine translation, text scanning and intelligent indexing programs for summarizing large amounts of text, generating text for automated production of standard documents, and speech systems for voice interaction with computers.

Summarize each of the four types of intelligent agents and how they are used.

Shopping and information agents help users navigate through the vast resources available on the Web and provide better results in finding information. Personal agents perform specific tasks for a user, such as remembering information for filling out Web forms or completing e-mail addresses after the first few characters are typed. Data-mining agents work with a data warehouse, detecting trends and discovering new information and relationships among data items that were not readily apparent. Monitoring and surveillance agents usually track and report on computer equipment and network systems to predict when a system crash or failure might occur.