CULT 307-QUIZ QUESTIONS

Which of the following examples best illustrates culture-gene coevolution?

A population began farming a healthier strain of rice, but it contains a mild toxin. This led the population to develop a genetic mutation that allows people to safely digest the toxin.

In an African Studies research paper that you are writing for publication, you use the word "culture" to refer to a South African people. Which of the following is NOT a challenge to using this definition of culture to indicate "South Africans"?

All South Africans share the same political and environmental contexts, leading them to have very similar experiences.

Cross-cultural research on math achievement at school reveals that

Americans are more satisfied with their math performance than are East Asians.

Which of the following statements about the relationships between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles is true?

Authoritative parenting uses more democratic reasoning than does authoritarian parenting.

Which of the following is true in comparing biological evolution with cultural evolution?

Biological evolution is faithful, while cultural evolution is not faithful.

How does the similarity-attraction effect relate to the conditionality of one's relationships?

Both are accounted for by relational mobility.

Which of the following about social anxiety disorder is true?

East Asians score higher on trait measures of social anxiety disorder than do North Americans.

Comparisons of Asian Americans and Euro-Americans in their performance on Raven's progressive matrices reveals that

Euro-Americans do worse on the task if they are reciting the alphabet.

In playing a public goods game, Horatio keeps punishing Yorick, who had previously punished Horatio, despite Yorick being a cooperator. The goal is for everyone to get as much money as possible. Which of the following is a predictor of Horatio's behavior?

He is from a culture with weak rule of law.

Ambrose has an independent self, and Hayden has an interdependent self. Which of the following is true about Hayden?

He is more likely to activate the same brain regions when thinking about himself and his mother.

Which of the following statements about self-esteem is most accurate?

Independence is positively related to self-esteem.

The facial feedback hypothesis most closely approximates what theoretical perspective?

James-Lange theory of emotions

You are a therapist who is hoping to treat a patient by asking him to understand his own past, to accept that his past is a part of him, and to learn to feel gratitude and guilt toward those around him. What type of treatment is this?

Naikan therapy

How is the Protestant Reformation relevant to the question of why Westerners self-enhance so much?

People are motivated to believe that they are predestined to go to heaven, and this leads them to interpret their behavior in an unrealistically positive light.

Which of the following people have kufungisisa?

Person E thinks that he has overused his brain by thinking too much and is now experiencing panic attacks and irritability.

You want to raise your child so that she will not be susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion. Based on what the textbook discusses as being the reason for why some people are more susceptible to this illusion than others, what should you do to make your child less susceptible to it?

Raise her in an environment without corners.

An American student, Ronald, and his Chinese friend, Rui, are looking up at the clear blue sky, where just a few clouds are visible. Coincidentally, the clouds are all grouped into one cluster just above Ronald and Rui. The two start naming shapes that they see in the clouds. According to cultural differences in attentional style, which of the following is most likely to happen in this scenario?

Rui will give answers that are based more on the cluster of clouds than Ronald, who will base his answers more on a single cloud.

A team of scientists observes that a new species (Species X) tends not to copy exactly how a model uses a new tool; instead, species members are very adept at figuring out on their own how to best use the tool. Conversely, another new species (Species Y) does tend to copy exactly how a model uses a new tool, paying attention to the behavioral strategies of the model. Based on this observation, what trajectory should we expect each species' respective cultural development to be like?

Species X will likely not have cumulative culture and Species Y will likely have cumulative culture.

What is a problem with using the "back-translation" method?

The translation may sound very unnatural and may contain idioms that are unintelligible.

What theory is best supported for why primates evolved such large brains?

They tend to live in large social groups, which requires intelligence to function effectively.

An infant of Species X sees a model use a new tool to achieve a goal. Which of the following demonstrates that the infant is engaging in imitative learning?

When given the tool, the infant mimics exactly how the model used the tool.

Which of the following would be an example of secondary control?

You convince yourself that taking the bus to work is not so bad after all.

Cross-cultural comparisons of obesity rates reflect that a) None of these statements is correct. b) people from "heavier" cultures tend to have more children than those from "lighter" cultures. c) obesity rates are unrelated to a country's GDP. d) obesity is largely the result of genetics. e) cultural differences in obesity are largely a product of the percentage of fat in diets.

a) None of these statements is correct.

Color terms from different cultures around the world

all correspond to a small number of different possible sets of terms.

An example of communal sharing is

an office with a water cooler, where each worker can take as much water as he or she likes.

What can the facial expressions of the basic emotions best be characterized as?

at least functional universals

Studies of rates of schizophrenia across nations find that a) subtypes of schizophrenia vary substantially from country to country. b) All of these statements are true. c) incidence rates of schizophrenia do not vary much from country to country. d) patients with schizophrenia in less developed countries tend to fare better over time than those from more developed countries. e) people who present psychotic symptoms that were inconsistent with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were not included in the studies.

b) All of these statements are true.

A key belief of the Sambia is that

boys become men by acquiring semen from older boys and men.

Which of the following about schizophrenia is TRUE? None of these statements are true. a) The course of schizophrenia is better for people in industrially advanced societies than it is in less developed ones. b) Subtypes of schizophrenia do not vary much from culture to culture. c) Paranoid schizophrenia is much more common among the British than it is among Indians. d) Annual rates of incidents of schizophrenia vary widely across cultures.

c) Paranoid schizophrenia is much more common among the British than it is among Indians.

Based on the studies reported in the textbook on depression among Chinese, if Huang Bo is diagnosed with neurasthenia in China, how can one alternatively conceive of his diagnosis?

depression with somatization

Yasmin is an executive at a company, and she wants to hire the most creative applicant for a new position. She decides to hire someone from an individualistic culture because she feels that individualists are more creative than collectivists. You _____________ with her statement because _____________.

disagree; individualists and collectivists are better at different types of creative thinking

The Big Five personality traits

do not cover the full extent of personality traits in other cultures, but is still cross-culturally robust.

Research discussed in the textbook reveals that the relation between socioeconomic status and health is linked to a) relative deprivation regarding income. b) stress c) cognitive deficits. d) education e) all of these options are correct.

e) all of these options are correct.

If an independent variable has more variance, is it more difficult or easier to detect an effect on the dependent variable?

easier

A child observes a model using a new tool to crack open an acorn. The child does not copy exactly what the model does, nor understand that the model wanted to crack acorns. The child simply sees that the tool can be used to crack acorns and tries to figure out on his own how to use the tool to crack acorns. What is the child exhibiting?

emulative learning

Mandia met a friend called Martina in university. Martina's boyfriend likes to go to bars to drink, and makes Martina go to bars with him. Mandia knows that Martina's boyfriend makes her go to bars, but still thinks that Martina goes because she likes to go to bars. The term that best describes Mandia's thoughts is

fundamental attribution error.

Xing, a Chinese stockbroker, and Joe, a Canadian stockbroker, are being asked to predict the trend of a stock that has been gaining value for the past three years. Based on research on how people expect the future to unfold, Xing likely thinks the stock will _____________, and Joe likely thinks the stock will _____________.

go down; continue to go up

Jade, a European-Canadian real estate agent, and Jing, a Chinese real estate agent, are trying to figure out what to tell their clients about the market's outlook. Compared to Jade, Jing will

have predictions that are less linear given past patterns.

Takeshi discovers a lot of tips and tricks to give him an easier time playing his favorite computer game, which he proceeds to tell all of his gaming buddies. Which of the following does this best illustrate?

horizontal transmission

Adolescent rebellion

is more pronounced in societies with more role distinctions and opportunities.

Imagine that Georgi moved to Canada from Bulgaria about a year ago. We might expect that he

is struggling, as he feels a bit homesick and has not yet made many Canadian friends.

The relation between money and happiness is that

money is positively related to happiness at very low levels of wealth but becomes less related in developed countries.

Reference-group effects in cross-cultural research occur because

people use social comparison to evaluate themselves.

It is not at all unusual for the officers at Police Station 54 to observe their colleagues using confrontational interview techniques. Even though they do not personally like the technique, many officers believe that the practice is widely approved of by others and expected of them. This is an example of

pluralistic ignorance.

Pierre visited his doctor because he had been feeling sick for some time. Given what we learned about medical practices around the world, we might expect that his French doctor would

recommend vitamins and rest.

At Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development, someone is considered moral when she

refrains from stealing from a store because it is illegal.

You want to persuade your friend to help you. You recently learned about cognitive dissonance in your psychology class, and you want to try out the effectiveness of using that to persuade others. How might you implement cognitive dissonance in persuading someone to help you?

remind the target that he or she had helped you before

If I told you that Jamie, an African American from New York (i.e., a member of a visible cultural minority within the United States), experienced identity denial yesterday, this means that, of the following situations, he experienced

someone of European descent not believing that Jamie was born in New York, insisting that he must have been born somewhere in Africa.

Jee-Yeong is a bicultural who has integrated aspects of her Korean heritage culture and her Canadian culture into her everyday life. Compared with other Korean-Canadian biculturals who haven't done the same, Jee-Yeong

will engage in more frame-switching.

Working-class and upper-middle-class Americans differ in that

working-class Americans do not react as much to a choice being taken away from them as do upper-middle-class Americans.