Cultural HW Funds 14

79. Many Hindus believe that a. Christ was a prophet. b. what happens to them is the will of God. c. eating meat is necessary to stay healthy. d. praying will bring a favorable response from God.

b

85. Culture is the a. language, food preferences, and habits of a group. b. values, beliefs, social norms, and spiritual practices of a people. c. rituals, language, and traditions of a people. d. ethnicity, religion, and values of a people.

b

90. Your patient died unexpectedly following an automobile accident. You want to warn the transplant coordinator to be sensitive in approaching the patient's family, as their beliefs forbid organ donation. Which group does your patient belong to? (187, Box 14.2) a. Roman Catholic b. Muslim c. Reform Jewish d. agnostic

b

84. Cultures that view foods as "hot" or "cold" based on their effect in the body are (Select all that apply.) a. European American. b. Arab American. c. Asian American. d. Hispanic American.

b,c,d

8. Define faith

belief which cannot be proven

56. Many Hindus believe that that illness is caused by misuse of the ____________ or a consequence of sin committed in ____________.

body, a previous life

77. If your Jewish patient requested a religious advisor, you would call a(n) (188) a. imam. b. priest. c. rabbi. d. minister.

c

29. Cultural groups tend to develop unique nonverbal communication patterns, including the appropriate amount of ____________ space.

personal

93. Fill in the blank(s) with term(s) (refrain from, attire, prevalent ,sustained ,wealth of information) African Americans are very ____________ in our hospital population

prevalent

91. Fill in the blank(s) with term(s) (refrain from, attire, prevalent ,sustained ,wealth of information) She tried to ____________ making a quick judgment about the person from his appearance.

refrain from

52. During illness or when facing death are times when religious and spiritual beliefs may be strengthened, questioned, or ____________.

rejected

81. A person can be spiritual, but not necessarily ____________. (Fill in the blank.)

religious

53. Not all members of a particular cultural group are ____________, even when the cultural identity of the group is closely tied to ____________.

religious, religion

5. Define circumcision

removal of penile foreskin

17. Respecting accepted patterns of communication and refraining from speaking in ways that are in life disrespectful of a person's cultural beliefs displays cultural ____________

sensitivity

62. The American Indian patient may appreciate periods of ____________ and avoidance of ____________ as signs of respect.

silence, eye contact

39. Religion and spirituality are sometimes used interchangeably, but there is a difference. . Someone can be ____________, but it does not automatically mean they are ____________.

spiritual, religious

18. Nurses must not ____________ a patient by applying an overall opinion of a cultural group to that individual.

stereotype

94. Fill in the blank(s) with term(s) (refrain from, attire, prevalent ,sustained ,wealth of information) The nurse made a(n) ____________ effort to perform a cultural assessment on every patient.

sustained

66. Foods considered "hot" or "cold" within some cultures are based on characteristics other than ____________.

temperature

9. Define kosher

way of ritually slaughtering, preparing, and packaging food

95. Fill in the blank(s) with term(s) (refrain from, attire, prevalent ,sustained ,wealth of information) The old medical record contained a(n) ____________ about the patient's medical history and psychosocial needs.

wealth of information

21. A group's ____________ is a comprehensive system of beliefs used by individuals and groups to explain and interpret reality.

worldview

26. Many Asians also believe that the forces of ____________ and ____________ must be in balance to be in good health

yin, yang

58. Taoists believe that illness or disease is due to an imbalance in ____________ and ____________.

yin, yang

63. In European American culture, ____________ is the usual space between people that is comfortable when they are talking together.

18 inches

75. Assuming that all African Americans like grits with their breakfast is an example of (190) a. ethnocentrism. b. stereotyping. c. values. d. culture.

b

46. Identify one dietary/nutritional practice or belief that is pertinent to the nursing care of each of Jehovah's Witness groups _____________________

Witnesses reject foods containing blood

34. List three beliefs or values affecting health care for African Americans cultural group

Among new immigrants or among lower socioeconomic families, health and illness may be intertwined with religion and with good and bad forces. • Families are often multigenerational, close, and supportive. Members of the church may also be consid-ered "family." • Family structure is often matriarchal. (The mother is the head of the family.) • May believe that all illness is preventable if they are attentive to their relationship with God, nature, and other people. • Folk or home remedies and faith healers may be used, as well as professional health care. • Christianity and Islam are prominent faiths.

3. Define prejudice

An emotional manifestation of negative stereotypes and deeply held beliefs about a group

72. Write an expected outcome for each nursing diagnosis related to spirituality and culture. a. _____________________ b. _____________________ c. _____________________

Any three of the following (or others listed) a. States he or she feels at peace. b. Expresses comfort with relationship to God and significant others. c. Identifies and employs spiritual support. d. Develops or reestablishes spiritual practices that nurture a relationship with God or a higher power.

50. Four distinguishing features of culture are a. _____________________ b. _____________________ c. _____________________ d. _____________________

Culture is learned and acquired in a social context through the process of enculturation, which starts at birth and continues throughout life as a seamless and unconscious process., b.Culture is shared by a group. c. Culture is incorporated into individuals' identity. d. Culture is dynamic and changes under the influence of shared experience

47. Identify ways in which you can achieve cultural competence.

Development of cultural awareness. Know yourself, examine your own values, attitudes, beliefs, and prejudices. Keep an open mind and try to look at the world through the perspectives of culturally diverse peoples. Learn all you can about other cultures

41. Identify one dietary/nutritional practice or belief that is pertinent to the nursing care of each of Muslim groups _____________________

Do not eat any pork, alcohol and caffeine are strongly discouraged

64. Valuing time and the tendency to be future-oriented is a(n) ____________ dominant cultural trait in the United States, but not of the African American or Hispanic American cultures.

European American

68. Two cultures that do not place a lot of value on punctuality and schedules are the ____________ and the ____________.

Hispanic American,. African American

42. Identify one dietary/nutritional practice or belief that is pertinent to the nursing care of each of Jewish groups _____________________

If Orthodox, eat only Kosher foods do not eat pork

73. List three ways in which you could provide culturally sensitive nursing actions for a patient with a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced nutrition less body requirements. a. _____________________ b. _____________________ c. _____________________

Individual answers may vary but may include the following: Inquire about foods normally consumed within the patient's culture to include in the diet. Consult with the dietitian to provide culturally acceptable foods. Ask the family to bring in acceptable cultral dishes for the patient's meal.

55. The holy book of Islamic teachings is known as the ____________.

Koran

69. Diabetes is more common among the ____________ and ____________ population due to a genetic susceptibility.

Latino, American Indian

33. List three beliefs or values affecting health care for American Indians cultural group

Majority of tribes share a present orientation, a respect for the aged, and an inclination to work coop-eratively with avoidance of individual gain. • Believe in keeping a natural harmony between humans and the universe. The universe is made up of individual, family, community, tribe, environment, and spirit world. • Each individual has a physical and a spiritual dimension, each of which is governed by different laws. Living by both sets of laws results in a balanced, healthy, and happy life. • Believe illness occurs when there is disharmony in some aspect of the individual, the environment, or the spirit world. • Believe in the cyclic nature of birth, life, and death. • Periods of silence and avoidance of eye contact show respect. • Health care practices are linked to spirituality and living in harmony with the universe. • Harmony is achieved by respecting the earth and all living things, honoring the spirits, and appeasing them when they are angry. • Treatment of illness includes herbal medicines, rituals, fasting, massage, and consultation with the sha-man (medicine man or woman). • The family and community provide strength and spiritual support in times of illness.

45. Identify one dietary/nutritional practice or belief that is pertinent to the nursing care of each of Eastern Orthodox groups _____________________

Meat, eggs/ dairy, fish, and shellfish are all permitted but with some restrictions.

44. Identify one dietary/nutritional practice or belief that is pertinent to the nursing care of each of Buddhist groups _____________________

Meat, fish, and shellfish are avoided by most devout, eggs/dairy are permitted but avoided at some observances

2. Define atheist

Person who does not believe in the existence of God

43. Identify one dietary/nutritional practice or belief that is pertinent to the nursing care of each of Hindu groups _____________________

Prefer vegetarian meals, alocohol avoided by most devout

15. Define transcultural

Recognizing cultural diversity

40. Identify one dietary/nutritional practice or belief that is pertinent to the nursing care of each of Seventh-Day Adventist groups _____________

Shellfish and pork are prohibited/strongly discouraged meat and fish are avoided by most devout, eggs/dairy are permitted but avoided during certain times

92. Fill in the blank(s) with term(s) (refrain from, attire, prevalent ,sustained ,wealth of information) Her ____________ was that of a Hindu woman.

attire

4. Define Chi'i

Universal life force or energy

36. List three beliefs or values affecting health care for Arab Americans cultural group

Value family and affiliation with others, may have daily gatherings of extended family. • Food plays a central role in life. Caring is shown by offering food. Muslims do not eat pork nor do they drink alcohol. • Common bonds of group are the Arabic language and the Islamic religion, although many Arab Americans are Christian. • Touch is generally only acceptable between members of the same sex except within the family. • Considered rude to pass things with the left hand, which is considered "unclean." • Considered rude to sit with the sole of the shoe within view of someone. • Professional occupations are favored, and most people are well educated. • Expect an effective cure from health care rather than personal care. • May be reluctant to disclose detailed information about themselves to strangers.

32. List three beliefs or values affecting health care for Asian/Pacific Islander Americans cultural group

Value self-control, age, authority, and harmony (avoidance of conflict). • Maintain a holistic (attention to mental, social, spiritual, and physical aspects) view of health and illness in which nature is a dominant force. Health dependent on the flow of chi'i (universal life force or energy). If chi'i is out of balance or in disharmony, illness may result. • Yin (negative, dark, cold, and feminine) and yang (positive, light, warm, and masculine) are the names given other balancing forces affecting health, when they are out of balance with each other, illness may occur. • Acumassage (manipulating the energy flow), acupressure (compressing the flow), and acupuncture (insert-ing needles to interrupt the energy flow) are treatments used to restore balance between yin and yang. • May believe that a misdeed leads to illness or that disease or accident is due to misdeeds in a previous life. • Often are reluctant to express emotion to others. Tend to be stoic about pain. • Consider it disrespectful to disagree with those in authority. May be overly agreeable in attempt to main-tain harmony. • Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, and Christianity are prominent faiths.

31. List three beliefs or values affecting health care for Hispanic American cultural group

Value the family over the individual, family system is patriarchal (head of family is father). • Individuals must actively develop their potential through strength of will and volition. • Health is seen as a gift from God, maintaining health by achieving equilibrium is important. • Equilibrium is achieved through prayer, religious objects, rituals, and use of herbs and spices, and by treating others fairly and with respect. • Often seek help within the family first when ill. Some may seek the services of a curandero (folk healer). • May believe in use of "hot" and "cold" foods to restore equilibrium. (Certain foods have hot or cold prop-erties unrelated to temperature of food.) • May be superstitious, some believe that staring at an infant or commenting on its beauty brings mal de ojo (the evil eye). May wear an amulet to ward off mal de ojo. • Wearing of religious objects and placing them in the home is common. • Expect a thorough examination when visiting a health professional. Often expect a prescription for treatment. • Consider it acceptable to be vocal about illness or pain. • Comforted by a touch on the arm, shoulder, or back, this helps promote rapport. • Expect health care personnel to dress professionally, exhibit professionalism, listen attentively, and answer questions patiently. • Consider the spiritual dimension of life to be very important. • Believe that health requires being in harmony with the supernatural forces and the Creator.

35. List three beliefs or values affecting health care for European Americans cultural group

Value youth, attractiveness, cleanliness, order, punctuality, individualism, education, and hard work. • Future oriented. • Value self-care and self-improvement and use preventive health practices. • Maintain scientific view of health and illness in which life is controlled by physical and biochemical pro-cesses that can be altered by human intervention. • Often use home remedies before seeking professional health care. • Use medical technology and health care professionals to diagnose and treat illness. • Extended family support often disrupted by geographic distance. • Older adults may need care outside the family because of lack of family proximity or the demands of family's employment. • Christianity and Judaism are prominent religious faiths.

6. Define culture

Values. Beliefs, and practice shared by the majority within a group of people

74. Identify how you would evaluate care to determine if the expected outcomes were met. (196) a. _____________________ b. _____________________ c. _____________________

You might inquire whether a sense of peace is being achieved, Determine if prayer and spiritual readings are being used, Determine whether a religious leader is visiting

48. Cultural awareness involves

___________: Understanding that health is expressed differ-ently across cultures, and that culture influences an individual's response to health, illness, disease, and death

78. Orthodox Jews should never be served which two items at the same meal? (188 Box 14.3) a. milk and meat b. meat and bread c. milk and bread d. fruit and meat

a

80. 6. A group within a larger culture that holds different beliefs, values, and attitudes is called a(n) a. subculture. b. diversity. c. sect. d. ethnic group.

a

83. Tay-Sachs disease, a genetic disorder, is more common among (194) a. Eastern European Ashkenazi Jews. b. Arab Americans. c. Asian Americans. d. Hispanic Americans.

a

37. Religion and spirituality are sometimes used interchangeably, but there is a difference. Religion is ____________.

a formalized system of belief and worship

1. Define agnostic

a person who doubts the existence of God

12. Define race

a social classification that assigns a group membership based on physical characteristics

71. List three common nursing diagnoses related to cultural and spiritual problems. (195) a. _____________________ b. _____________________ c. _____________________

a. Impaired verbal communication b. Decisional conflict c. Spiritual distress

49. Areas in which cultural difference is evident are (190) a. _____________________ b. _____________________ c. _____________________ d. _____________________ e. _____________________ f. _____________________

a. communication b. view of time c. organization of the family d. nutritional practices e. issues related to death and dying f. health care beliefs

57. Buddhists believe that liberation from ____________ through following Buddha's teachings is important in promoting health and recovery.

anxiety

86. Knowing who is the dominant person in the family is important because the dominant person a. determines the family value system regarding health practices. b. is the main health care provider for the family. c. tends to make health care decisions. d. is the family member designated to communicate to the nurse.

c

89. A family where the female is the head of the family is considered (191) a. egalitarian. b. patriarchal. c. matriarchal. d. ethnocentric.

c

13. Define rituals

ceremonial acts or practices

25. Many Asians/Pacific Islanders believe that health is dependent on the flow of ____________, the universal life force.

chi

59. Developing cultural competence begins with the development of ____________ and ____________.

cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity

51. The inability to recognize the differences between one's own cultural beliefs, values, and practices and those of another culture is called ____________.

cultural blindess

60. ____________ is the act of imposing own cultural beliefs, values, and practices on individuals and groups from another culture.

cultural imposition

20. The shared values, beliefs, and practices shared by a majority of a group of people are termed their ____________.

culture

27. Some Hispanic Americans may seek the services of a(n) ____________ when ill.

curandero

76. A religious group that does not believe in using the services of health care providers in most instances is a. Muslims. b. Jews. c. Taoists. d. Christian Scientists.

d

82. A cultural group in which families are often matriarchal is (193, Table 14.3) a. Hispanic American. b. European American. c. Asian American. d. African American.

d

19. Different ____________ of a language reflect regional variations with different pronunciation, grammar, or word meanings.

dialects

23. Where death and dying are concerned, some cultures encourage ____________, whereas other cultures consider it inappropriate.

emotional expression

7. Define egalitarian

equal authority between spouses

24. ____________ groups are differentiated by geographic, religious, social, or language differences.

ethnic

10. Define matriarchal

female - dominated

67. All cultures have an element of ____________ medicine that is handed down through families for treatment of common illnesses.

folk or home remedy

87. Certain groups tend to have a genetically based lactase deficiency. Lactase deficiency is prevalent among ____________. (Fill in the blank.)

people of Latino, African, Chinese, Thai, and American Indian ancestry

70. Without looking in the textbook, list four assessment questions regarding culture and spirituality you would ask your patient. a. _____________________ b. _____________________ c. _____________________ d. _____________________

for culture=• What do you think caused this illness? • What problems has the illness created for you? • What has been done to treat the illness so far? • What do you fear about this illness or its treatment? • What type of treatment do you think is appropriate? • What benefits do you expect from treatment? • What traditional remedies or rituals might be used in your culture to treat this illness? For spirituality=• Is there anything we (the nursing staff) should know about your cultural and spiritual practices and needs? • How can we support your cultural or spiritual practices? • Do you have any culture- or religion-specific food requirements? • Do you need a quiet space or dedicated time for your spiritual practice? • Is there a spiritual or religious leader (priest, rabbi, pastor, or imam) with whom you would like to meet? Would you like to talk with the chaplain? • What helps you cope with this illness? What worries you or frightens you?

22. A(n) ____________ identifies common trends, patterns, and beliefs of a group.

generalization

54. A Jehovah's Witness may undergo organ transplant as long as the organ ______________________.

has been cleansed with a nonblood solution before transplantation

14. Define Values

ideas and perceptions seen as good and useful

30. Food prepared according to Jewish dietary laws is labeled ____________.

kosher

11. Define patriarchal

male - dominated

61. An important aspect of cultural competence is to be able to keep an open ____________ try to see the world from ____________.

mind, a different cultural perspective

28. Many Arab Americans often show caring by ____________.

offering food

38. Religion and spirituality are sometimes used interchangeably, but there is a difference. Spirituality tries to explain ____________

one's relationship to wholeness of the physical and nonphysical world, and the meaning of one's life"

65. The Hispanic American family is essentially ____________ in structure, while the African American family is ____________.

patriarchal, matriarchal

88. Sickle-cell disease is a genetically transmitted disorder. Sickle-cell trait is most prevalent among ____________. (Fill in the blank.)

people of African or Mediterranean ancestry

16. Define spirituality

the part of our being that seeks to find meaning and purpose in life