CV Practice Questions

how many times can you take nitroglycerin and how often?

3 tabs every 5 minutes

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

SA node

if you are treating a patient with heart failure, what is something important to monitor for?

WEIGHT GAIN, big jump over a short period of time

a client complains of crushing chest pain that radiates to his left arm. He should be presented with what treatment?

aspirin, oxygen, nitroglycerin, and morphine

a key diagnostic test for heart failure

b-type natriuretic peptide

which statement by a client who has an ischemic ulcer on the left foot indicates a need for intervention by the nurse? a. I drink about 3 liters of water every day b. I smoke about 1 pack per day of cigarettes c. I have 1 glass of wine at supper every night d. I drop my left foot off the edge of the bed at night

b. I smoke about 1 pack per day of cigarettes

for a client arriving in the emergency department with a history of heart failure, which finding requires the most rapid action by nurse? a. irregular apical b. oxygen saturation 86% c. crackles at both lung bases d. atrial fibrillation on cardiac monitor

b. oxygen saturation 86%

which client in the emergency department would the nurse assess first? a. client with chest pressure and ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram b. client who reports a sharp chest pain with deep inspiration for the past week c. client who has a history of heart failure with ascites and bilteral 4+ ankle swelling d. client with palpitations and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation at a rate of 136 beats/minute

client with chest pressure and ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram

when the home health nurse is caring for a client with chronic occlusive arterial disease, which finding will be of most concern? a. pedal pulses not palpable b. decreases sensation in both feet c. thick and yellowed toenails bilaterally d. pale and dry-appearing ulcer on the great toe

d. pale and dry-appearing ulcer on great toe

which adverse hemodynamic effect typically occurs when a client develops tachycardia? decreased ventricular filling time increased coronary artery filling lower cardiac output enhanced atrial kick weaker pulse quality

decreased ventricular filling time lower cardiac output weaker pulse quality

what type of htn is medical emergency?

malignant HTN; can lead to kidney failure, or stroke

which topic will the nurse include when teaching a group of clients about risk factors for heart disease? obesity hypertension diabetes insipidus asian-american ancestry increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

obesity hypertension

a complication of peripheral vascular disease may be

stasis ulcer

a heart failure patient is undergoing treatment for fluid overload, how do you know that the treatment is effective

their weight decreases

a patient is on an ACE inhibitor and reports a cough, the cough affects the patients ADL. As a nurse what is most important to educate this client on?

advocate for the patient and see about getting the medication changed

which data collection assessment would be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of furosemide administered to a client with congestive heart failure? daily weight intake and output monitor for edema daily pulse oximetry auscultate breath sounds

all of these are correct

which finding for a client who has just returned to the nursing unit after an emergency cardiac catherization would be most important to report to the primary health care provider? a. anxiety about the results of the procedure b. ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram c. pain at the femoral artery catheter insertion site d. premature arterial contractions on the cardiac monitor

b. ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram

a nurse is evaluating a client with left-sided heart failure. which finding should the nurse expect to assess? a. ascites b. dyspnea c. hepatomegaly d. jugular vein distention

b. dyspnea

which factor would the nurse identify as the cause of the pain experienced by a client who is experiencing acute coronary syndrome? a. arterial aneurysm b. heart muscle ischemia c. blocking of the coronary veins d. irritation of nerve endings in the cardiac plexus

b. heart muscle ischemia

a client is prescribes diltiazem (cardizem) to manage his hypertension. The nurse should tell the client the diliazem will: a. lower his blood pressure only b. lower his heart rate and blood pressure c. lower his blood pressure and increase his urine output d. lower his heart rate and blood pressure and increases his urine output

b. lower his heart rate and blood pressure

which nursing action has the highest priority when providing care for a client who has had an acute myocardial infarction (MI) a. prevent nausea and vomiting b. monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias c. use prescribed medication to lower fever d. teach about the phases of cardiac rehabilitation

b. monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias

How would the nurse document this rhythm seen in a client on the telemetry unit? a. atrial flutter b. sinus tachycardia c. sinus bradycardia d. atrial fibriliation

b. sinus tachycardia

Is transthoracic echocardiography or transesophangeal echocardiography more invasive and why?

transesophageal echocardiography, you are sticking something into the patients esophagus

which assessment finding would the nurse expect when a client is diagnosed with left-sided congestive heart failure? dyspnea crackles frequent cough peripheral edema jugular distention

dyspnea crackles frequent cough

which clinical indicator will the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for a client with exacerbation of left ventricular failure? lung sounds heart sounds heart rate peripheral edema dyspnea on exertion jugular vein distention

lung sounds heart sounds heart rate dyspnea on exertion

which topic will the nurse include in teaching for a client with Raynaud disease? a. tobacco avoidance b. dietary salt reduction c. need for increased exercise d. low-fat, low-cholesterol diet

a. tobacco avoidance

Which finding for a client who has a potassium level 2.8 mEq/L (2.8 mmol/L) would be of most concern to the nurse?

a. abdominal cramps b. irregular heart rate c. decreased reflexes d. muscle weakness

which action would the nurse take first after noting a flat line on a client's cardiac monitor? a. assess the clients pulse b. start CPR c. check another lead to confirm asystole d. call the hospital emergency response team

a. assess the client's pulse

which electrical activity of the cardiac conduction system is reflected in the P wave? a. atrial depolarization b. atrial repolarization c. ventricular depolarization d. ventricular repolarization

a. atrial depolarization

the nurse is instructing a community group regarding risk factors for coronary artery disease. which risk factor cannot be modified? a. heredity b. hypertension c. cigarette smoking d. diabetes mellitus

a. heredity

which clinical finding would the nurse expect for a client with hypertensive emergency? a. increased urine output b. severe pounding headache c. heart rate 110 beats/minute d. weak and theady radial pulses

b. severe pounding headache

when a previously healthy 24-year-old client tells the nurse, "I sometimes feel my heart racing or skipping beats," which question would the nurse ask? a. do you eat foods that are high in salt or fat b. do you have any family history of heart attacks c. how much caffeine do you consume each day d. how many glasses of water do you drink per day

c. how much caffeine do you consume each day

which clinical manifestation will the nurse assess for in a client with a serum potassium level of 6.4 mEq/L (6.4 mmol/L)? anorexia constipation muscle weakness irregular heart rhythm hyperactive bowel tones

muscle weakness irregular heart rhythm hyperactive bowel tones

which clinical finding would the nurse expect to identify when caring for a client with a left leg venous thrombosis? pain in the left calf intermittent claudication redness in the affected area swelling in the lower left leg ecchymotic areas at the left ankle localized warmth in the lower left leg

pain in the left calf redness in the affected area swelling of the lower left leg localized warmth in the lower left leg

which clinical manifestation is more likely to occur in women with CAD compared with men? severe fatigue sense of unease substernal chest pain shortness of breath pain radiating down the left arm

severe fatigue sense of unease shortness of breathe

a patient is diagnosed with raynaud's disease. which explanations below most accurately decribe this condition triggered by cold temperatures or stress occurs due to vasospasm of the peripheral veins affect the toes, fingers, and sometimes the ears and nose prevented by glucose control

triggered by cold temperatures or stress affects the toes, fingers, and sometimes the ears and nose

how would the nurse document this rhythm for a client who has just arrived in the emergency department? a. atrial flutter b. atrial fibrillation c. second-degree heart block d. supraventricular tachycardia

a. atrial flutter

which instruction will the home health nurse include when teaching a client with peripheral artery disease? avoid crossing your legs inspect your feet daily change positions slowly do not use compression stockings avoid green leafy vegetables in your diet

avoid crossing your legs inspect your feet daily do not use compression stocking

Which possible complication would a nurse monitor for when a client develops a venous thrombosis in the left calf? a. embolic stroke b. pulmonary embolism c. myocardial infarction d. ischemia of the left foot

b. pulmonary embolism

which action would the nurse anticipate taking when a client develops third degree atrioventricular block with a heart rate of 30 beats/minute? a. assist with rapid debrillation b. prepare for synchronized cardioversion c. obtain the transcutaneous pacemaker d. initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation

c. obtain the transcutaneous pacemaker

in order to prevent recurrent vasospastic episodes with raynaud's phenomenon, what should the nurse instruct the client to do? a. keep the hands and feet elevated as much as possible b. use a vibrating massage device on the hands c. wear gloves when obtaining food from the refrigerator d. increase coffee intake to two cups per day

c. wear gloves when obtaining food from the refrigerator

which action would the nurse take when calculating a client's heart rate on an electrocardiogram (ECG) strip? a. count the p waves b. count the t waves c. count the PR interval d. count the qrs complexes

d. count the qrs complexes

to check a client's carotid pulse, which area would the nurse palpate? a. below the mandible b. in the lateral neck region c. along the clavicle at the base of the neck d. at the anterior neck, lateral to the trachea

d. at the anterior neck, lateral to the trachea

which action would the nurse include in the postprocedure plan of care for a client with peripheral arterial disease who is scheduled for a femoral angiogram? a. elevate the foot of the bed b. place in the high-fowler position c. perform urinary catheter care every 12 hours d. check pedal pulses every 15 minutes postprocedure

check pedal pulses every 15 minutes postprocedure

which clinical finding enables the nurse to conclude that the heparin therapy is effective in a client who has atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response and is started on a continuous heparin infusion? a. atrial fibrillation converts to a sinus rhythm b. the heart rate is stabilized at 70 to 90 beats per minute c. the international normalized ratio is within normal range d. an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is twice the usual value

d. an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is twice the usual value

which assessment would the nurse include in the plan of care for a postpartum client with large, painful varicose veins? a. monitoring daily clotting times b. assessing for peripheral pulses c. monitoring daily hemoglobin values d. assessing for signs of thrombophlebitis

d. assessing for signs of thrombophlebitis

which finding would the nurse expect when assessing a client with peripheral artery disease? pallor of feet warm extremities ulcers on the toes thick, hardened skin delayed capillary refill

pallor of feet ulcers on the toes delayed capillary refill