CWorld - Global City
London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong
According to the 2018 Global Cities Index, New York was followed by... (4)
New York
According to the 2018 Global Cities Index, _________ ranked the highest in terms of the general criteria
Unipolar World
After the fall of the Soviet Union in the 1980s, the USA became the sole superpower in the so-called __________
Globalization 2.0
Age of Pax Britannica; when Great Britain held the hegemonic power in terms of trade and economy
Cities
Are hubs for high economic, commercial, cultural, and political activities which can contribute to human progress and development through collaborative efforts of multicultural individuals situated therein
Global cities
Are sources of economic growth and are economic powerhouses themselves, coupled with being industry leaders & regional hubs
New York, Tokyo, Singapore, and Seoul
Characteristics of globality are observed in famous cities like... (4)
1. Cultural diversity of the people 2. Existence of a center of economy 3. Geographic dispersal of economic activities that marks globalization 4. Global reach performance
Characteristics of globality that maintain its link to globalization (Sassen, 2005)
Diverse; connected
Cultural diversity of markets among countries arises and the world is currently in the state where people are ________, yet _________
Gore (2013)
Explained that the world is changing dramatically and there are 6 driving forces in this global change
Business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement
General criteria of the Global Cities Index (5)
Joseph Nye (2004)
He coined the term soft power
Joseph Nye
He posits that attraction has always been more effective than force; shared values such as democracy, human rights, and individual opportunities are highly persuasive
Globalization 1.0
Known as the age of mercantilism & colonialism; the driving forces were workforce, horsepower, windpower, & steam power
Globalization 3.0
Occurred during the second half of 20th century; age of Pax American when USA was the hegemonic power in terms of security, trade, & economy
Interconnected global economy
One driver of global change is the emergence of a deeply ______________ that increasingly operates as a whole entity
1. Unquestionable access to vast amounts to wealth they drew from their income 2. Theoretical immortality to a certain extent, 3. Ability to pit themselves against one another
Privileges of MNCs (3)
Global cities
Represent cities around that world that exemplify characteristics of a better city than other cities
Global city
Serves as a hub for production, finance, and telecommunications
Attraction
Soft power uses a different method to establish cooperation, which is _________
Globalization 1.0
Stage that lasted from 1492-1800; shrank the world from a size large to a size medium
False. Nye
T/F: Friedman argues that it would be a mistake if a country does not use soft power as part of its national strategy
True
T/F: MNCs are more flexible and independent than nation-states
True. Products and goods have the intrinsic capability to attract a target market regardless of geographical location & political ideology
T/F: MNCs have the capacity to ease and transcend the borders of the world
True
T/F: MNCs play a pivotal role not only in the global economy but in the international political community as well
True
T/F: Nation-states are the centerpieces of the global community to the extent that MNCs threaten nation-states themselves
True
T/F: Nation-states seem to lack the capacity to dictate how MNCs ought to behave
False. 21st
T/F: The 20th century is a hub for the closer relation of states & for a wider perspective in technological development
True. The number of global cities will dramatically increase
T/F: The 21st century brought the countries together into global competition
True
T/F: With the development of technology, corporations around the world tried to expand their footholds outside their own countries
The World is Flat (2005)
The 3 stages of globalization (1.0, 2.0, 3.0) came from Thomas Friedman's book titled?
Globalization 2.0
The driving force for this stage was the emergence of global markets and multinational corporations
Connectivity
The evidence of ________ is the concept and actual manifestation of the global city
Conglomeration
The result of constant interaction among a wide array of cultures is a ____________ of cultures in a particular geographical setting which has been labelled as the global city
San Francisco (2017) & New York (2018)
These cities were showcased as global cities that exhibit strength in innovation & strong performance in business activity & human capital, by A.T. Kearney's Global Cities Report
Global cities
These house industries that promote the globalization of markets
Multinational corporations (MNCs)
They play a substantial role in the global economy and enjoy a multitude of privileges
MNCs
They tie together an otherwise politically separated and clouted world under an all-encompassing banner of commerce & economy, alongside nation-states
U.S.
This country has been employing its soft power in various ways
Soft power
This power arises from the attractiveness of a country's culture, political ideals, and policies When these policies are deemed justifiable by other states, this power is enhanced
Unipolar World
This system was developed by the reigning hegemonic state by defeating other great powers, not necessarily in a military aspect, but in terms of economy & influence to other states in the world
Soft power
Unlike in the 19th and 20th century, the present conditions do not use the tactics of force as a primary strategy in maintaining one's influence over another state Rather it uses ________ to retain dominance over the less powerful states
MNCs; nation-states
________ and the irrefutable continuity of ________ act as key actors of the global community With these, the world seems to be smaller and more connected
