CWorld - Global City

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London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong

According to the 2018 Global Cities Index, New York was followed by... (4)

New York

According to the 2018 Global Cities Index, _________ ranked the highest in terms of the general criteria

Unipolar World

After the fall of the Soviet Union in the 1980s, the USA became the sole superpower in the so-called __________

Globalization 2.0

Age of Pax Britannica; when Great Britain held the hegemonic power in terms of trade and economy

Cities

Are hubs for high economic, commercial, cultural, and political activities which can contribute to human progress and development through collaborative efforts of multicultural individuals situated therein

Global cities

Are sources of economic growth and are economic powerhouses themselves, coupled with being industry leaders & regional hubs

New York, Tokyo, Singapore, and Seoul

Characteristics of globality are observed in famous cities like... (4)

1. Cultural diversity of the people 2. Existence of a center of economy 3. Geographic dispersal of economic activities that marks globalization 4. Global reach performance

Characteristics of globality that maintain its link to globalization (Sassen, 2005)

Diverse; connected

Cultural diversity of markets among countries arises and the world is currently in the state where people are ________, yet _________

Gore (2013)

Explained that the world is changing dramatically and there are 6 driving forces in this global change

Business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement

General criteria of the Global Cities Index (5)

Joseph Nye (2004)

He coined the term soft power

Joseph Nye

He posits that attraction has always been more effective than force; shared values such as democracy, human rights, and individual opportunities are highly persuasive

Globalization 1.0

Known as the age of mercantilism & colonialism; the driving forces were workforce, horsepower, windpower, & steam power

Globalization 3.0

Occurred during the second half of 20th century; age of Pax American when USA was the hegemonic power in terms of security, trade, & economy

Interconnected global economy

One driver of global change is the emergence of a deeply ______________ that increasingly operates as a whole entity

1. Unquestionable access to vast amounts to wealth they drew from their income 2. Theoretical immortality to a certain extent, 3. Ability to pit themselves against one another

Privileges of MNCs (3)

Global cities

Represent cities around that world that exemplify characteristics of a better city than other cities

Global city

Serves as a hub for production, finance, and telecommunications

Attraction

Soft power uses a different method to establish cooperation, which is _________

Globalization 1.0

Stage that lasted from 1492-1800; shrank the world from a size large to a size medium

False. Nye

T/F: Friedman argues that it would be a mistake if a country does not use soft power as part of its national strategy

True

T/F: MNCs are more flexible and independent than nation-states

True. Products and goods have the intrinsic capability to attract a target market regardless of geographical location & political ideology

T/F: MNCs have the capacity to ease and transcend the borders of the world

True

T/F: MNCs play a pivotal role not only in the global economy but in the international political community as well

True

T/F: Nation-states are the centerpieces of the global community to the extent that MNCs threaten nation-states themselves

True

T/F: Nation-states seem to lack the capacity to dictate how MNCs ought to behave

False. 21st

T/F: The 20th century is a hub for the closer relation of states & for a wider perspective in technological development

True. The number of global cities will dramatically increase

T/F: The 21st century brought the countries together into global competition

True

T/F: With the development of technology, corporations around the world tried to expand their footholds outside their own countries

The World is Flat (2005)

The 3 stages of globalization (1.0, 2.0, 3.0) came from Thomas Friedman's book titled?

Globalization 2.0

The driving force for this stage was the emergence of global markets and multinational corporations

Connectivity

The evidence of ________ is the concept and actual manifestation of the global city

Conglomeration

The result of constant interaction among a wide array of cultures is a ____________ of cultures in a particular geographical setting which has been labelled as the global city

San Francisco (2017) & New York (2018)

These cities were showcased as global cities that exhibit strength in innovation & strong performance in business activity & human capital, by A.T. Kearney's Global Cities Report

Global cities

These house industries that promote the globalization of markets

Multinational corporations (MNCs)

They play a substantial role in the global economy and enjoy a multitude of privileges

MNCs

They tie together an otherwise politically separated and clouted world under an all-encompassing banner of commerce & economy, alongside nation-states

U.S.

This country has been employing its soft power in various ways

Soft power

This power arises from the attractiveness of a country's culture, political ideals, and policies When these policies are deemed justifiable by other states, this power is enhanced

Unipolar World

This system was developed by the reigning hegemonic state by defeating other great powers, not necessarily in a military aspect, but in terms of economy & influence to other states in the world

Soft power

Unlike in the 19th and 20th century, the present conditions do not use the tactics of force as a primary strategy in maintaining one's influence over another state Rather it uses ________ to retain dominance over the less powerful states

MNCs; nation-states

________ and the irrefutable continuity of ________ act as key actors of the global community With these, the world seems to be smaller and more connected


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