CYBR 4305 - Chapter 15

international criminal tribunal

An additional strategy that some have proposed to aid in the investigation and prosecution of cybercrimes internationally for cyberspace that can sanction offenders would represent the victim nations could be a valuable tool to pursue cases where multiple nations were affected by a group of actors a precedent for the use of tribunals at the international level, such as the International Criminal Court,

Considering the future of cybercrime

As one type of product gains a large market share, hackers and cybercriminals will find ways to exploit it to their advantage primary operating systems tablets and smart phones cloud storage ransomware, person-based cybercrimes such as bullying and harassment will continue to increase over the next decade

network investigative technique (NIT)

FBI used to compromise the browsers of individuals who visited the Playpen site

some government agencies have begun to push for standards of cybersecurity that promote the development of products that are more secure by design.

ISA Security Compliance Institute (ISCI) in the USA Similar entities exist throughout North and South America, Europe, and the UK

integration of corporations and private industry that either own or control sensitive systems and networks

Microsoft have formed working groups to combat cybercrimes through the creation of their Digital Crimes Unit victim systems can be cleaned and repaired without the need to directly arrest the botnet operator

The challenge to policy makers globally

One of the most common ways in which policy makers, particularly in government and private industry, discuss how we may combat these problems is through the cultivation of better cyber-security principles that can be employed by the common person every day v digital natives age, their use of and appreciation for technology may provide them with an even greater degree of computer security awareness than that of the digital immigrants of older generation Any benefits provided by improvements in security awareness, however, may be diminished by vulnerabilities and flaws in the computer systems and servers managed by ISPs and industry DROWN, or Decrypting RSA with Obsolete and Weakened eNcryption cyber-security extends beyond the individual and cannot be easily guaranteed if developers are careful to identify as many bugs and flaws as possible during the design phase, it may help minimize the likelihood of attacks once a product is available on the open market

Shifting enforcement strategies in the age of the Internet

The capabilities of these agencies to investigate cybercrimes range greatly based on both the specific agency in question as well as the type of cybercrime being investigated Governments have provided substantive resources to fund policing agencies to pursue child exploitation crimes and child pornography mechanisms, however, exist to help connect the investigative capabilities of local, state, federal, and international agencies in their investigations of malicious software use and data theft. some degree of innovation is required in order for police agencies to disrupt and deter some forms of cybercrime. Community policing Using a similar structure to produce intelligence on cybercrimes could be extremely valuable, Law enforcement agencies have also taken steps to weaken the utility of anonymization tools like Tor that help shield the identity and location of computer users

Considering the future of forensics

The globalization of technology has vastly changed the field of digital forensics

How technicways will shift with new technologies

are a range of Internet-enabled wearable devices that have become popular which more completely integrate technology into our daily lives The use of such data collection methods creates massive opportunities for data breaches affecting health-based application services It is likely only a matter of time before hackers begin to target the companies that store wearable device data in order to find ways to monetize their data for fraudulent purposes The problems of account takeovers to data breaches are likely due to several issues in managing these devices and can lead to large-scale institutional changes based on evolutions in behavior There is also a relative lack of transparency in the ways in which the data collected by companies may be kept private, o many wearable devices have little to no security products to minimize the risk of loss,

Need for new cyber criminological theories?

cybercrime may be viewed as "old wine in a new bottle" one of the strongest predictors of cybercrime offending is the same as that of traditional crime - associating with delinquent or criminal peers In the social control literature, low self-control has been repeatedly found to be a substantive predictor of almost all types of crime, including various forms of cybercrime one of the most critical steps researchers can take to move the discipline forward is to elaborate on these existing theories. having friends in the real world who engage in cybercrime is more pertinent to the introduction of these activities there is a significant relationship between living in poverty and the risk of offending and victimization those living in disorganized communities were more likely to experience verbal, physical, and cyberbullying victimization There are some instances of "new wine," such as malware creation,

Introduction

it is difficult to know when or how offenders will adopt a new mode of offending based on access to the Internet.

technicways,

process of behavioral changes based on technological changes

need for improved international mechanisms to help combat serious financial and hacking-related cybercrimes

there are a number of working groups that exist to coordinate transnational responses to child exploitation crimes few similar entities to pursue hacking and fraud-related crimes, making it difficult to effectively sanction and deter offenders

lawmakers must create legislation that is both broad and flexible enough to be applied to a range of technological misuse

while at the same time having substantive legal sanctions to deter individual offenders. legislators and law enforcement agencies alike must walk a fine line when developing new methods to prosecute or pursue cybercriminals

Social movements, technology, and social change

will also be at the forefront of rapid social changes in political and government structures outlet to express dissent with policies and practices of their own government or those of foreign nations allow nation-states' most vulnerable and critical systems to be attacked with greater secrecy and fewer resources an increasing number of hackers target government and industry resources based on their individual political, nationalistic, and religious motives the proliferation of the Internet may play a vital role in transforming the nature of violent extremist activity in the real world