DAS Exam

BIBFRAME

Bibliographic Framework Initiative, conceptual model for resource description

Logical Copy

Copies only specific files for transfer, allows archivist to be more selective during ingest; does not include deleted files or empty space.

Disk Image

Copying the entire content of a device bit by bit; includes files, hidden files, deleted files, empty space, etc.

Iso 20652

Defines a structure for the interactions between producers and the archives, covers initial stages of OAIS injesting

DACS

Describing Archives: A Content Standard; output neutral set of rules for describing archives, personal papers, and collections; Provides specific guidance in describing creators or archival material; can be used with XML, MARC, EAD, etc.

Producer-Archive Interface Methodology Abstract Standard (paimas)

Developed by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, related to ISO 20652; includes preliminary phase, formal definition phase, transfer phase, and validation phase.

DIP

Dissemination Information Package; given to consumers in OAIS model

.eml

Electronic Mail Format; an email format, on the older side; can be used with most email clients/servers, tends to be preservation friendly

EAD

Encoded Archival Description; a schema/data structure standard; also technically a markup language, used to describe finding aids

EGAD

Expert Group on Archival Description; a committee in charge of developing a form conceptual model for archival description (2015)

FRBR

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, a conceptual model for resource description used in libraries

Write Blocker

Hardware (or sometimes software) that prevents files from being changed during transfer; an intermediary

Iso 17021

ISO number that contains principles and requirements for the competence, consistency and impartiality of bodies providing audit and certification of all types of management systems.

Iso 14721

ISO number that defines the reference model for an open archival information system (OAIS).

Iso 16919

ISO number that is meant primarily for those setting up and managing the organization performing the auditing and certification of digital repositories; requirement for bodies providing audit and certification of candidate trustworthy digital repositories

Iso 16363

ISO standard; defines a recommended practice for assessing the trustworthiness of digital repositories. It is applicable to the entire range of digital repositories. It can be used as a basis for certification.

Email Components

Includes head (From, date, to, subject, CC, content type, precedence, message-ID), Greeting, Body, Closing Signature, and Envelop

Metadata

Information that characterizes or describes an information artifact, record, or archival resource. Aka, data about data.

CIDOC-CRM

International Council of Museums International Committee for Documentation-Conceptual Reference Model; heavily used in Europe, one of the conceptual models for resource description

IMAP

Internet Message Access Portal, an email language

LCSH

Library of Congress Subject Headings, a controlled vocabulary.

LOCKSS

Lots of copies, keep stuff safe

Significant Properties

Maintained over time to continue access, use, and meaning, includes content, context (descriptive metadata), rendering (font type, color, etc.), structure (headings, etc.), and behavior (hyperlinks, streaming, etc.)

MODS

Metadata Object Description Schema; A schema/data structure standard for descriptive metadata

Administrative Metadata

Metadata necessary to manage and use an information resource that is typically external to its information content, i.e., Rights metadata and Preservation metadata

NISO MIX

Metadata schema for images in xml; used for technical metadata

Technical Metadata

Metadata that describes digital files, includes file characteristics, source metadata and process metadata, i.e. file size, file format, creating application.

Structural Metadata

Metadata that describes the relationship between the parts that make up the physical and/or logical structure of a compound information resource, i.e., sequences of pages, relationship to parent object

Descriptive Metadata

Metadata type that describes what the object is and who created it; information that characterizes the nature of the information resource and supports its discovery, i.e. title, creator, or subject.

MIME

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, an internet standard for email headers like Gmail

PREMIS

PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies; A schema/data structure standard aka digital preservation metadata standard; also a conceptual model; includes rational on why to use this element, includes data restraints, repeatability, usage notes, etc.

Information Packages

Part of OAIS model; includes content information and preservation descriptive information

Accreditation Body

Performs assessments on certification bodies

Certification Body

Performs certifications for standards/audits

POP

Post Office Protocol, email language

Appraisal

Process of determining archival value, can take place during multiple points in the workflow

Content Standard

Provides specific guidance on the creation of data for certain fields or metadata elements, sometimes defining what the source of a given data element should be; frequently designed for use with a specific data structure standard (schema) and record format.

Rfc 5322

Request For Comments; a standard that defines fields of headers, can send email to different email clients

RDF

Resource Description Framework; a framework for describing resources with statements instead of records; composed like: subject-predicate-object

RDA

Resource Description and Access; a content standard; used in library cataloging; succeeded by AACR2

Proprietary Software

Software that has been developed by a company and has restrictions on its use, copying, and modification; in contrast to free and open software.

SIP

Submission Information Package; provided by Producer in OAIS model

Cultural Competency

The ability to function with interpersonal skills with people of different backgrounds and beliefs

Authentic

The content is what it claims to be.

Serialization/Data Formats

The machine-readable encoding of metadata structure and values for the purpose of storage, machine processing, or exchange; e.g., Extensible Markup Language (XML), Javascript Object Notation (JSON), and Comma-separated Values (CSV)

Provenance

The origin of something or information regarding origins

Fixity

The property of being unchanged; often determined by comparing checksum values

Integrity

The quality of being whole and unaltered through loss, tampering, or corruption

Metadata Standards

This _____________ is a document that provides requirements, specifications, guidelines and characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for their purpose; Content standards DO NOT mix and match, they are designed to work with a specific data structure standard

Accessioning

To take intellectual, legal, and physical custody, includes activities of appraisal, transfer, stabilization; also includes donor agreements

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier

Reliability

the extent to which something can be trusted to be accurate

CoreTrustSeal

A certification that digital repositories can earn; 16 requirements, considered the lowest level of certification; replaced Data Seal of Approval (DSA) and World Data System; one requirement is an explicit mission to provide access to and preserve data in its domain, along with documented processes and procedures.

Checksum

A digital fingerprint/hash value generated by an algorithm; essential for determining and verifying integrity of the content.

.mbox

A generic term for a family of email file formats; used by Gmail; stores messages of an entire folder into a single file; can open in text editor and it will read the emails in sequential order

Digital Preservation Capability Maturity Model (dpcmm)

A model for digital repositories; includes fifteen components (8 infrastructure components, 7 digital preservation services), and five stages: Nominal, Minimal, Intermediate, Advanced, and Optimal

Digital Preservation Triad

A model for digital repositories; includes management (combines resources and organizational), technology, and content. Management: creation of policies, oversight of resources, outreach, human resources/skills, financial resources; Content: (unique to this framework), high demand; technology: systems plus storage

Three Legged Stool

A model for digital repositories; includes technology, organization, and resources; organization: mission, policy development, long term planning, institutional commitment, participation by producers and consumers; technology: hardware, software, equipment; resources: staff training, outreach and community support, technology and related developments.

PRONOM

A platform to help identify file formats; includes info on hundreds of different file formats, maintained by UK National Archives

Trusted Digital Repository (tdr)

A preservation repository that can prove its reliability over time

Open Archival Information System

A reference model; includes the producer (SIP), the AIP (Ingest, Data Management, Archival Storage - also includes preservation planning and administration), and the DIP (consumers)

Trustworthy Repositories Audit and Certification (trac)

A set of criteria used to assess and certify Open Archival Information System-compliant digital repositories; developed in 2007, accredited to perform ISO 16363 audits (only one who can do so).

Rights Metadata

A subsection of administrative metadata; concerns limitations and restrictions regarding access and use to content, i.e., copyright, rights status, license terms

Preservation Metadata

A subsection of administrative metadata; information about the characteristics of an action taken on an information source to ensure long term accessibility, i.e., preservation events, significant properties, object characteristics, preservation level

Conformant

Adheres to standard

Data Structure Standard

Aka a schema; Schemas define at a conceptual level the data elements applicable for a certain purpose or for a certain type of material, i.e., PREMIS, EAD, MODS, etc.

CERP

An XML method of preserving email; Collaborative Electronic Records Project; Converted files to mbox, mbox to xml, runs on a virtual machine, account based approach

PeDals

An XML method of preserving email; Persistent Digital Archives and Library System research project; funded by the LC

TOMES

An XML method of preserving email; Transforming Online Mail with Embedded Semantics;

XENA

An XML method of preserving email; XML Electronic Normalizing for Archives; Developed by the National Archives of Australia in 2004

ePADD

An XML method of preserving email; developed by Standford, open source software

DAVID

An XML method of preserving email; developed in Belgium in 2002; schema based on RFC 2822

EMCAP

An XML method of preserving email; requires MS SQL server, account based approach

National Digital Stewardship Alliance (ndsa) Assessment

An assessment for digital archives; include four levels (Know, Protect, Monitor, Sustain), across five categories (Storage, Integrity, Control, Metadata, Content)

Cornell Model Assessment

An assessment for digital archives; includes organization, technology, and resources; five stages: Acknowledge, Act, Consolidate, Institutionalize, Externalize

Digital Preservation Coalition's Rapid Assessment Model (dpc ram)

An assessment for digital archives; includes organizational capabilities: Organizational viability, policy/strategy, legal basis, IT capabilities, continuous improvement, and community; also contains service capabilities: Acquisition, transfer, ingest, bitstream preservation, content preservation, metadata management, discovery and access

Digital Preservation Coalition's Competency Audit Toolkit (dpc cat)

An audit of an individual's current skill levels against those defined in the competency Framework; compares what an individual actually does with their job description and audits skills of a group of staff; designed to be used with RAM

.msg

An email format used by Microsoft Outlook, proprietary; not very preservation friendly

.olm

An email format; Outlook for Mac data, PST for MAC computers

.pst

An email format; open proprietary data file format to store components of Microsoft Outlook; stand-alone, self-contained, structured binary file format; designed to export content to pass emails to another client, not meant for preservation

Virtual Machine

An emulation of a computer system, tricks the computer into thinking it is running a different type of computer, i.e., running Linux on a MAC.

Controlled Vocabulary

An organized arrangement of words and phrases used to index content and/or to retrieve content through browsing or searching; it typically includes preferred and variant terms and has a defined scope or describes a specific domain. Pros include shared understanding of concepts; cons include that language changes and can become outdated or offensive.

AIP

Archival Information Package; the managed and preserved element of OAIS model