Data Structures Midterm Study
When an item is deleted from the hash table indexStatusList at position, say k, we set indexStatusList[k] to ____. -1 0 2 1
-1
The scope resolution operator is ____. : * :: ;
::
A(n) ____ is a step-by-step problem-solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a finite amount of time. Design Plan Algorithm Process Plan Structured Program
Algorithm
If a dynamic variable is no longer needed, it can be ____. reassigned recycled reconstructed destroyed
Destroyed
A search in a B-tree must start at the bottom node.
False
All insertions and searches in the random probing method use a different sequence of random numbers.
False
As in the case of an inorder traversal, in a postorder traversal, the first node visited is the rightmost node of the binary tree.
False
Building a linked list forward places the new item to be added at the beginning of the linked list
False
Encapsulation is the ability to create new data types from existing data types (T/F)
False
In a preorder traversal of a binary tree, after visiting a node and before moving to the right subtree, we must save a pointer to the node so that after visiting the right subtree, we can visit the left subtree.
False
In a preorder traversal of a binary tree, for each node, first the node is visited, then the right subtree is visited, and then the left subtree is visited.
False
In heapsort, only the elements at position 2k + 1 are accessed frequently.
False
Insertion sort cannot be applied to linked lists.
False
Item insertion and deletion in a linked list requires significant data movement.
False
The algorithms to implement the operations search, insert, and remove are the same for sorted and unsorted lists.
False
The call to the recursive function contains a statement that causes the same function to execute again before completing the current call.
False
The class deque contains only one constructor
False
The performance of a binary search tree depends on the width of the tree.
False
The queue operation end returns the last element of the queue
False
The sequential search always starts at the last element in the list and continues until either the item is found in the list or the entire list is searched.
False
The time complexity of the function seqSearch in an array list is O(n^2)
False
When converting the subtree into a heap, if the root node of the subtree is larger than the larger child, we swap the root node with the larger child.
False
A queue is a ____ data structure. First in last out First in first out Last in first out Last in last out
First in first out
____ iterators, with read access, step forward element-by-element and so return the values element-by-element. Output Migration Standard Input
Input
____ sort sorts the list by moving each element to its proper place. Quick Bubble Selection Insertion
Insertion
A stack is a ____ data structure. last in last out (LILO) first in last out (FILO) first in first out (FIFO) last in first out (LIFO)
Last in first out (LIFO)
A(n) ____ is a list of items, called nodes, in which the order of the nodes is determined by the address, called the link, stored in each node. structure hash table linked list array
Linked list
Because initially the list is empty, the pointer first must be initialized to ____. NIL NULL EMPTY NOP
NULL
The worst-case behavior of quicksort is ____. O(n) O(n^2) O(1) O(nlogn)
O(n^2)
A vector is a type of ____. iterator container adapter associative container sequence container
Sequence container
A derived class can have a constructor with default parameters
True
A stack is a list of homogenous elements in which the addition and deletion of elements occurs only at one end.
True
After inserting the new element in the heap, the list might no longer be a heap.
True
An array is a random access data structure; a stack is not.
True
An element can be removed from the stack only if there is something in the stack, and an element can be added to the stack only if there is room.
True
Every call to a recursive function requires the system to allocate memory for the local variables and formal parameters
True
Every node has two components; one to store the address and one to store relevant information.
True
From the binary search algorithm, it follows that every iteration of the while loop cuts the size of the search list by half.
True
If g(n) = 1, the growth rate is constant and does not depend on the size of the problem (T/F)
True
Initially, in a selection sort we consider that the entire list is unsorted.
True
Mergesort uses the divide-and-conquer technique to sort a list.
True
Polymorphism is the ability to use the same expression to denote different operations (T/F)
True
Sorted sublists are merged into a sorted list by comparing the elements of the sublists, and then adjusting the references of the nodes with the smaller info.
True
The address of the first node in a linked list is stored in a separate location, known as the head
True
The keys of the items in a data set are used in such operations as searching, sorting, insertion, and deletion.
True
The length of the list is the number of elements in the list
True
The notion of a queue in computer science is the same as the notion of the queues to which you are accustomed in everyday life
True
The post fix expression 7 3 + 2 * evaluates to 20
True
The queue is empty if queueFront is NULL
True
The time complexity of the function isEmpty is an array list is O(1)
True
When inserting an element in the priority queue, restoring the heap might result in moving the new entry to the root node.
True
When overloading an operator, the meaning of how an operator works with built-in types remains the same
True
The header node is placed at the ____ of a list. end key location beginning middle
beginning
Random access iterators are ____ iterators that can randomly process elements of a container. bidirectional input output forward
bidirectional
Inserting the new element in the first available position in the list ensures that the array holding the list is a complete ____. forest heap binary tree selection tree
binary tree
The first step in the heapsort of this chapter is to convert the list into a heap, called ____. buildHeap newHeap convertHeap addHeap
buildHeap
The name of a constructor is the same as the name of the ____. class main function helper function friend function
class
Sequential and binary search algorithms are called ____ search algorithms. comparison-based key-based cumulative compartmentalized
comparison-based
Assuming the priority queue is implemented as a heap, the first step is to insert the new element in the ____ available position in the list. largest last smallest first
first
In a linked list, we always want head to point to the ____ node. key main first last
first
One way to improve linear probing is to skip array positions by a ____. key-relative value dynamic value random constant fixed constant
fixed constant
With selection sort, we can keep track of the unsorted portion of the list and repeat the steps involved with sorting with the help of a ____ loop. when while for do
for
In the function ____, the growth rate is exponential. g(n) = 1 g(n) = nlog2n g(n) = n^2 g(n) = 2^n
g(n) = 2^n
In the function _____, the growth rate is quadrupled when the problem size is doubled. g(n) = 1 g(n) = nlog2n g(n) = n^2 g(n) = 2^n
g(n) = n^2
In hashing, the data is organized with the help of a table, called the ____. relative table hash table index table key table
hash table
To ensure that the largest element of the priority queue is always the first element of the queue, we can implement priority queues as ____. heaps piles trees stacks
heaps
If the list is stored in an array, we can traverse the list in either direction using an ____. iterator variable increment variable index variable interface variable
index variable
In an array list the time complexity of the remove function is identical to the time complexity of the ____ function. insert maxListSize isFull isEmpty
insert
The ____ operation checks whether the stack is full. pop isEmpty isFullStack peek
isFullStack
A node in the binary tree is called a ____ if it has no left and right children. node branch root leaf
leaf
The sequential search is also called a ____ search. binomial non-linear linear quadratic
linear
The height of a perfectly balanced binary tree with n nodes is ____. n^2 n*log(n) log2(n) log(n)
log2(n) (Log base 2 of n)
In mergesort, all the comparisons are made in the method____, which merges two sorted sublists. divideList sortList insertList mergeList
mergeList
In ____, the data is stored within the hash table. closed addressing inverted addressing open addressing converted addressing
open addressing
To delete a node, we adjust one of the pointers of the ____. leaf node branch node parent node child node
parent node
Quicksort first selects an element in the list, called the ____, and then partitions the list so that the elements in one sublist are less than pivot. key primate pivot index
pivot
In a heap, the ____ is the largest element of the tree base node top node low node root node
root node
To determine whether the item to be inserted is already in the list, the insert function calls the _____ member function. copy size seqSearch isEmpty
seqSearch
In heapsort, after we convert the array into a heap, the ____ phase begins. inserting merging division sorting
sorting
A B-tree can be ____ in three ways: inorder, preorder, and postorder. inversed reversed traversed copied
traversed