DATA SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION - D330 (All Questions from Chapter 8-10, 12-15, and 17)

A client wants to connect to the database service dbprod.com located on the dbprod.com server through a nondefault port (1522) using Oracle Easy Connect. Which of the following connect strings are the choices for the client to use? (Choose two.) A. CONNECT scott/[email protected]:1522 B. CONNECT scott/tiger@1522:dbprod.com/dbprod.com C. CONNECT scott/tiger@//dbprod.com/1522:dbprod.com D. CONNECT scott/[email protected]:1522/dbprod.com

A. CONNECT scott/[email protected]:1522 D. CONNECT scott/[email protected]:1522/dbprod.com The correct syntax to use with the Oracle Easy Connect method when you are connecting to a non-URL location is connect username/password@host:port/ service_name. If the service name and the host are identical, you do not have to include the service name. If the port is any port other than the default port of 1521, it must be specified. Because you want to connect to a nondefault port where the database name and the hostname are the same, the best answer is A, but D is also correct.

Which of the following initialization parameters specifies the location where the control file trace backup is sent? A. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST B. BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST C. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST D. CORE_DUMP_DEST

A. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST The trace backup is created in a subdirectory under the location specified by the DIAGNOSTIC_DEST parameter—$DIAGNOSTIC_DEST/diag/// trace directory.

Which of the following pieces of information is not available in the control file? A. Instance name B. Database name C. Tablespace names D. Log sequence number

A. Instance name The instance name is not in the control file. The control file has information about the physical database structure.

Which two options are not true with the STARTUP UPGRADE mode instance startup? A. It initiates the upgrade process automatically after the instance is started. B. It suppresses spurious and unnecessary error messages, especially the ORA-00942. C. It handles certain system startup parameters that could interfere with the upgrade. D. This option is more of a documentation purpose when the database is started for upgrade. Its functionality is no different than the default STARTUP option.

A. It initiates the upgrade process automatically after the instance is started. D. This option is more of a documentation purpose when the database is started for upgrade. Its functionality is no different than the default STARTUP option. STARTUP UPGRADE is the only way you can bring up an instance prior to upgrading the database. You still need to upgrade the database using the upgrade scripts after starting up the database. This is not just for documentation; it differs from STARTUP NORMAL

To place the database into ARCHIVELOG mode, in which state must you start the database? A. MOUNT B. NOMOUNT C. OPEN D. SHUTDOWN E. Any of the above

A. MOUNT To put the database into ARCHIVELOG mode, the database must be in the MOUNT state; the control files and all data files that are not offline must be available to change the database to ARCHIVELOG mode.

Which privilege is required to add a foreign key constraint to a table owned by another user? A. REFERENCES B. UPDATE C. ALTER D. INSERT

A. REFERENCES

To improve upgrade performance and reduce the upgrade time, what tasks should be completed before starting the upgrade? (Choose two.) A. Run dbms_stats.gather_dictionary_stats. B. Run $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/emremove.sql. C. Run dbms_stats.gather_database_stats. D. Purge DBA_RECYCLEBIN.

A. Run dbms_stats.gather_dictionary_stats. B. Run $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/emremove.sql. Having current dictionary statistics helps the database upgrade. The upgrade does not touch or use the application tables; hence, there is no need to run full database statistics. In Oracle Database 12c, the EM Database Control is replaced with EM Database Express. During the upgrade, EM Database Control is dropped. This step can be completed prior to starting the upgrade in order to save upgrade time. RECYCLE_BIN must be purged before the upgrade is performed.

Using EM Database Control, you've identified the following SQL statement as the source of a lot of disk I/O: SELECT NAME, LOCATION, CREDIT_LIMIT FROM CUSTOMERS What should you do first to try to improve performance? A. Run the SQL Tuning Advisor. B. Run the SQL Access Advisor. C. Check the EM Database Control main screen for alerts. D. Click the Alert Log Content link in the EM Database Control main screen.

A. Run the SQL Tuning Advisor. Running the SQL Tuning Advisor provides the most information about how the performance of this SQL statement might be improved. The SQL Access Advisor is run only after the output from the SQL Tuning Advisor indicates that it will be useful. EM Database Control does not store detailed information about I/O activity in its alerts nor in the alert log.

A user needs to view the table privileges of other users. Which role should be granted to the user? A. SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE B. CONNECT C. EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE D. RESOURCE

A. SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE

Which of the following shutdown statements does not perform a clean shutdown? A. SHUTDOWN ABORT B. SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL C. SHUTDOWN D. SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE E. All of these are considered clean shutdowns.

A. SHUTDOWN ABORT When you perform a SHUTDOWN ABORT, Oracle never performs a clean shutdown. All other types of shutdowns are considered clean shutdowns because Oracle will not have to perform a recovery on a subsequent database startup.

Which tool is started by the system and automatically improves the performance of queries? A. SQL Tuning Advisor B. SQL*Loader C. SQL Access Advisor D. SQL*Plus

A. SQL Tuning Advisor

User system granted the SELECT privilege on sh.products to user ian using WITH GRANT OPTION. Ian then granted SELECT on sh.products to user stuart. Ian has left the company, and his account has been dropped. What happens to Stuart's privileges on sh.products? A. Stuart loses his SELECT privilege on sh.products. B. Stuart retains his SELECT privilege on sh.products. C. Stuart loses his SELECT privilege if Ian was dropped with the CASCADE REVOKE option. D. Stuart retains his SELECT privilege if Ian was dropped with the NOCASCADE REVOKE option.

A. Stuart loses his SELECT privilege on sh.products. When object privileges are granted through an intermediary, they are implicitly dropped when the intermediary is dropped. CASCADE REVOKE and NOCASCADE REVOKE are not part of the GRANT statement syntax.

Among the failure events, which is the most serious and may cause data loss? A. The loss of an entire redo log-file group but no loss in any other group B. The loss of one member of each redo log-file group C. The failure of the ARCn background process D. The failure of the LGWR background process

A. The loss of an entire redo log-file group but no loss in any other group Losing an entire redo log-file group can result in losing committed transactions that may not yet have been written to the database files. Losing all members of a redo logfile group except for one does not affect database operation and does not result in data loss. A message is placed in the alert log file. The failure of LGWR causes an instance failure, but you do not lose any committed transaction data. When an ARCn process fails or is manually terminated, Oracle spawns another one.

Select the statement that is not true regarding media failure. A media failure occurs when: A. The network card on the server fails. B. The DBA accidentally deletes one of the data files for the SYSTEM tablespace. C. There is a head crash on all physical drives in the RAID controller box. D. A corrupted track on a CD containing a read-only tablespace causes a query to fail.

A. The network card on the server fails. If a network card fails, the failure type is network; the actual media containing the database files are not affected.

Which statement regarding Unified Auditing is true regarding a database after upgrade? A. The predefined Unified Auditing policies are disabled by default after a manual upgrade. B. Pre-12c audit configuration is disabled by default after the upgrade, and audit records are no longer written to the AUD$ table. C. One of the predefined Unified Auditing policies is enabled by default after a DBUA upgrade. D. Traditional pre-12c audit and 12c Unified Auditing policies cannot co-exist in the same database.

A. The predefined Unified Auditing policies are disabled by default after a manual upgrade. The predefined Unified Auditing policies are disabled after a database upgrade— both manual and DBUA. After the upgrade, the pre-12c audit configuration is maintained, and records are written to the AUD$ table. You can enable Unified Auditing policies and create new policies along with pre-12c audit configuration (mixed-mode). The two types of audits write information to different tables. For performance reasons, Oracle recommends that you switch to Unified Auditing Only mode by relinking the oracle executable with uniaud_on option.

Which privilege must be granted to allow a user to modify existing rows in a table? A. UPDATE B. ALTER C. DEBUG D. INSERT

A. UPDATE

When does ADDM run? (Choose two.) A. When an AWR snapshot is taken automatically by the MMON process B. When an AWR snapshot is taken automatically by the MMNL process C. When an AWR snapshot is taken manually by DBA D. When the AutoTask process runs hourly to take workload snapshots

A. When an AWR snapshot is taken automatically by the MMON process C. When an AWR snapshot is taken manually by DBA Whenever an AWR snapshot is taken, either automatically or manually, the ADDM is run. The MMNL process is responsible for ASH and not AWR. The MMON process is responsible for AWR. AutoTask manages only three components: optimizer statistics, Segment Advisor, and SQL tuning.

Which of the following files must be present on the Oracle server to start a nondefault Oracle listener? A. listener.ora B. lsnrctl.ora C. sqlnet.ora D. tnsnames.ora

A. listener.ora The listener is the process that manages incoming connection requests. The listener .ora file is used to configure the listener and must be configured to start a nondefault listener. The sqlnet.ora file is an optional client- and server-side file. The tnsnames.ora file is used for doing local naming resolution. There is no such file as lsnrctl.ora. You do not need the listener.ora file to start a default listener on port 1521.

How would you add more space to a tablespace? (Choose Two.) A. ALTER TABLESPACE <TABLESPACE NAME> ADD DATAFILE SIZE < N > B. ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE <FILENAME> RESIZE < N > C. ALTER DATAFILE < FILENAME > RESIZE < N > D. ALTER TABLESPACE < TABLESPACE NAME > DATAFILE < FILENAME > RESIZE < N >

A.ALTER TABLESPACE <TABLESPACE NAME> ADD DATAFILE SIZE < N > B. ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE <FILENAME> RESIZE < N > You can add more space to a tablespace either by adding a data file or by increasing the size of an existing data file. Option A does not have a filename specified; it uses the OMF feature to generate the filename.

Place the following events or actions leading up to and during instance recovery in the correct order. 1. The database is opened and available. 2. Oracle uses undo segments in the undo tablespace to roll back uncommitted transactions. 3. The DBA issues the STARTUP command at the SQL*Plus prompt. 4. Oracle applies the information in the online redo log files to the data files. A. 4, 3, 2, 1 B. 3, 4, 1, 2 C. 2, 1, 3, 4 D. 2, 1, 4, 3 E. 3, 2, 4, 1 F. 3, 4, 2, 1

B. 3, 4, 1, 2 Instance recovery, also known as crash recovery, occurs when the DBA attempts to open the database but the files were not synchronized to the same SCN when the database was shut down. Once the DBA issues the STARTUP command, Oracle uses information in the redo log files to restore the data files (including the undo tablespace's data files) to the state before the instance failure. Oracle then uses undo data in the undo tablespace after the database has been opened and made available to users to roll back uncommitted transactions.

DBA user MIKE ran the SQL statement CREATE DATABASE LINK SCOTT.SALES_LINK .BJS.COM CONNECT TO SALES_INT IDENTIFIED BY SALESPWD1 USING 'ocasvr:1522/ ocadb'. Choose the option that is true. A. Use of 'ocasvr:1522/ocadb' is invalid in database link definition. B. A private database link is created under user MIKE. C. A private database link is created under user SCOTT. D. If the SALES_INT user does not exist or its password is not SALESPWD1, the database link will not be created.

B. A private database link is created under user MIKE. Private database links are created under the user who executes the CREATE DATABASE LINK statement. You cannot create a database link under another schema. A link by the name SCOTT.SALES_LINK.BJS.COM is created under schema MIKE. You can use the Easy Connect syntax or the Oracle Net connect syntax, or you can resolve the alias name by using tnsnames.ora in the USING clause. During database link creation, a connection is not made to the target database to validate the connection or credentials.

Which statement adds a member /logs/redo22.log to redo log-file group 2? A. ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE '/logs/redo22.log' TO GROUP 2; B. ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER '/logs/redo22.log' TO GROUP 2; C. ALTER DATABASE ADD MEMBER '/logs/redo22.log' TO GROUP 2; D. ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE '/logs/redo22.log';

B. ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER '/logs/redo22.log' TO GROUP 2; When adding log-file members, specify the group number or specify all the existing group members.

Which of the following components of the Oracle architecture stores the statistics gathered by the MMON process? A. ADDM B. AWR C. ASMM D. ADR

B. AWR The MMON process gathers statistics from the SGA and stores them in the AWR. The ADDM process then uses these statistics to compare the current state of the database with baseline and historical performance metrics before summarizing the results on the EM Cloud Control screens.

Which of the following options prevents a user from reusing a password when they change their password? A. Setting the initialization parameter NO_PASSWORD_REUSE to TRUE B. Altering that user's profile to UNLIMITED for PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME and 1 for PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX C. Altering that user's profile to UNLIMITED for both PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME and PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX D. Using a password verify function to record the new password and comparing the new passwords to those recorded previously

B. Altering that user's profile to UNLIMITED for PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME and 1 for PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX Although option D could also work, it involves storing the passwords in a table in the database, which could be a security concern. It also takes a lot more effort to configure and maintain. The better technique is to use the standard database profile features PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME and PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX. Setting one of these profile parameters to UNLIMITED and the other to a specific value prevents passwords from being reused. If both of these profile parameters are set to UNLIMITED, these parameters are essentially disabled. There is no initialization parameter called NO_PASSWORD_REUSE.

Which statement about the MEMORY_TARGET parameter is not true? A. It is a dynamic initialization parameter. B. It represents the total maximum memory that can be allocated to the instance memory (PGA and SGA combined). C. Its default value is zero. D. You will not get an error when SGA_TARGET and PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET parameters are set to nonzero values.

B. It represents the total maximum memory that can be allocated to the instance memory (PGA and SGA combined). MEMORY_TARGET represents the total size allocated for SGA and PGA components. The maximum that can be allocated for these structures is determined by the MEMORY_ MAX_TARGET parameter. You still can set the SGA_TARGET and PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET parameters; Oracle will use these as the minimums.

Examine the CREATE USER statement and choose which of the following options best applies. CREATE USER JOHN IDENTIFIED BY JOHNNY DEFAULT TABLESPACE INDEX01 PASSWORD EXPIRE QUOTA UNLIMITED ON DATA01 QUOTA UNLIMITED ON INDEX01; GRANT CONNECT TO JOHN; A. JOHN will not be able to log in to the database using SQL*Plus until the DBA changes his password. B. JOHN is authenticated by the database. C. When tables are being created, if JOHN did not specify the TABLESPACE clause, the table will be created on the DATA01 tablespace. D. Specifying unlimited space quota on INDEX01 is a redundant step because INDEX01 is JOHN's default tablespace.

B. JOHN is authenticated by the database. JOHN will be able to log in to the database using SQL*Plus, and Oracle will prompt for new password when John logs in the first time. Because John's default tablespace is INDEX01, the tables and indexes created will be on the INDEX01 tablespace if the TABLESPACE clause is omitted. Although INDEX01 is the default tablespace, to create objects on INDEX01 or any other tablespace, a specific space quota needs to be defined, or the user should have the UNLIMITED TABLESPACE system privilege.

Which parameter is used to enable Automatic Memory Management? A. AMM_TARGET B. MEMORY_TARGET C. SGA_TARGET D. AUTOMATIC_MEMORY

B. MEMORY_TARGET Automatic Memory Management is enabled by setting a nonzero value for the MEMORY_TARGET parameter. The default value for this parameter is zero. SGA_TARGET enables the ASSM (Automatic Shared Memory Management) feature. AMM_TARGET and AUTOMATIC_MEMORY are invalid parameters.

Which of the following is not a step in configuring your database to archive redo log files? A. Place the database in ARCHIVELOG mode. B. Multiplex the online redo log files. C. Specify a destination for archived redo log files. D. Specify a naming convention for your archived redo log files.

B. Multiplex the online redo log files. Although it is recommended that you multiplex your online redo log files, it is not required to enable ARCHIVELOG mode of the database.

When you are upgrading a database to Oracle Database 12c, which of the following options are true? A. Any version of an Oracle 10g or Oracle 11g database can be upgraded to Oracle Database 12c using DBUA. B. Only the versions 10.2.0.5, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.2, 11.2.0.3, and 11.2.0.4 can be upgraded to 12.1.0. C. Once upgraded to Oracle Database 12c, the upgraded database can only be downgraded to Oracle 11g. D. When a 10.2.0.5 database is upgraded to Oracle Database 12c, it cannot be downgraded.

B. Only the versions 10.2.0.5, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.2, 11.2.0.3, and 11.2.0.4 can be upgraded to 12.1.0. Oracle Database 12c gives the option to do a direct upgrade for all versions mentioned in option B, and not all versions as specified in option A. Option C is not correct because you cannot downgrade to any version of Oracle 11g. The lowest version you can downgrade to is 11.1.0.7 if you upgrade an 11g R1 or 10g R2 database. For 11.2 databases, you can downgrade to the version from which you upgraded. Although a 10.2.0.5 database cannot be downgraded back to 10.2.0.5, it can be downgraded to 11.1.0.7, which might not be useful for your business.

Which is the best option for upgrading an Oracle 10g R2 database that is in its terminal release to Oracle Database 12c? A. Use Data Pump utilities to export and import. B. Perform a direct upgrade using DBUA. C. Upgrade to 11g 11.1.0.7 or 11.2.0.2 using DBUA, and then upgrade the database to 12.1.0 using Oracle Database 12c DBUA. D. Run catctl.pl script on the Oracle 10g instance, and then start the instance in Oracle Database 12c.

B. Perform a direct upgrade using DBUA. The terminal release of Oracle 10g R2 is 10.2.0.5. Oracle Database 12c supports a direct upgrade from the versions 10.2.0.5, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.2, and higher.

Which statement regarding SGA_MAX_SIZE is true? A. SGA_MAX_SIZE is modifiable after an instance is started, only when Automatic Memory Management is used. B. SGA_MAX_SIZE is not dynamically modifiable. C. SGA_MAX_SIZE is ignored when MEMORY_TARGET > 0. D. SGA_MAX_SIZE must be specified when SGA_TARGET > 0.

B. SGA_MAX_SIZE is not dynamically modifiable. SGA_MAX_SIZE is not modifiable regardless of whether Automatic Memory Management is used or not. When either MEMORY_TARGET or MEMORY_MAX_TARGET is specified, the default value of SGA_MAX_SIZE is set to the larger of the two parameters and is not ignored. When SGA_TARGET is specified and SGA_MAX_SIZE is not specified, SGA_MAX_ SIZE gets the value of SGA_TARGET.

Your database is not responding and is in a hung state. You want to shut down and start the database to release all resources. Which statements would you use? (Choose Two) A. STARTUP AFTER SHUTDOWN B. STARTUP FORCE C. SHUTDOWN FORCE D. SHUTDOWN ABORT and STARTUP

B. STARTUP FORCE D. SHUTDOWN ABORT and STARTUP STARTUP FORCE will perform a SHUTDOWN ABORT and STARTUP of the database. SHUTDOWN ABORT will terminate all sessions and processes and will shut down the instance.

You would like to perform maintenance on the system and limit access to only the DBA staff during the maintenance window. Which of the following startup options should you use? A. STARTUP NOMOUNT RESTRICT B. STARTUP RESTRICT C. STARTUP MOUNT RESTRICT D. STARTUP MOUNT FORCE RESTRICT

B. STARTUP RESTRICT The STARTUP RESTRICT choice opens the database and allows only users with RESTRICTED database access to connect and use it.

Which initialization parameter can disable memory advisors and Automatic Shared Memory Management? (Choose the best answer.) A. CONTROL_MANAGEMENT_PACK_ACCESS B. STATISTICS_LEVEL C. MEMORY_TARGET D. Memory advisors cannot be disabled.

B. STATISTICS_LEVEL Setting STATISTICS_LEVEL to BASIC disables Automatic Memory and Shared Memory Management as well as the memory advisors. CONTROL_MANAGEMENT_PACK_ACCESS specifies which of the Server Manageability Packs is active in the Enterprise Edition of Oracle Database 12c. MEMORY_TARGET enables Automatic Memory Management, but it does not disable Shared Memory Management or the memory advisors.

User system granted the SELECT ANY TABLE privilege to user ian using WITH ADMIN OPTION. Ian then granted SELECT ANY TABLE to user stuart. Ian has left the company, and his account has been dropped. What happens to Stuart's privileges? A. Stuart loses his privileges. B. Stuart retains his privileges. C. Stuart loses his privileges if Ian was dropped with the CASCADE REVOKE option. D. Stuart retains his privileges if Ian was dropped with the NOCASCADE REVOKE option.

B. Stuart retains his privileges. When system privileges are granted through an intermediary, they are not affected when the intermediary is dropped. CASCADE REVOKE and NOCASCADE REVOKE are not part of the GRANT statement syntax.

Given the following SQL statement: DROP USER User1 CASCADE; What happens to tables that User1 owns when an administrator runs the SQL statement? A. Tables are moved to a default account. B. Tables and the data are deleted from the database. C. Tables are archived by the system. D. Tables and data are moved to the undo tablespace.

B. Tables and the data are deleted from the database.

You issue the statement CREATE TABLESPACE X; . Which of the following is the best option? A. The statement fails because mandatory properties are not defined. B. The 100MB tablespace is created. C. The mandatory DATAFILE clause is missing. D. The tablespace name should be at least three characters long.

B. The 100MB tablespace is created. The tablespace X is created without any error and the syntax is correct. The tablespace created will have the default characteristics. It will use an Oracle Managed File of 100M, autoextensible up to 32GB. It will also have LOGGING , NOCOMPRESS , ONLINE , PERMANENT , EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE , and SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO properties.

Choose the correct statement about the Data Recovery Advisor. A. The Data Recovery Advisor is a standalone tool. B. The Data Recovery Advisor does not support RAC databases. C. The CHANGE FAILURE command can be used in a SQL*Plus session. D. The REPAIR FAILURE command works only after LIST FAILURE.

B. The Data Recovery Advisor does not support RAC databases. The Data Recovery Advisor in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 does not support RAC databases. It is integrated with EM Cloud Control and with RMAN. CHANGE FAILURE and other commands can be executed using RMAN. The ADVISE FAILURE command must be run before you can perform REPAIR FAILURE.

Your users have called to complain that system performance has suddenly decreased markedly. Which is the most likely place to look for the cause of the problem in EM Database Control? A. The Main screen B. The Performance tab C. The Administration tab D. The Maintenance tab

B. The Performance tab The Performance tab of EM Database Control provides a quick overview of how the host system, user sessions, and throughput are impacted by the system slowdown. You can also drill down into any of these three areas to take a look at details about this slowdown

Which of the following statements regarding the Pre-Upgrade utility preupgrd.sql are correct? (Choose two.) A. It checks for space availability, user conflicts, role conflicts, initialization parameters, etc., and prepares fix-up scripts to take care of all issues. B. The Pre-Upgrade Information utility does not make any changes to the database, but merely reports results. C. preupgrd.sql is a standalone script and can be copied to another location to execute on the database to be upgraded. D. It recommends the amount of free space required in the SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces.

B. The Pre-Upgrade Information utility does not make any changes to the database, but merely reports results. D. It recommends the amount of free space required in the SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces. The Pre-Upgrade Information utility does not make any changes to the database. The utility creates a fix-up script that can be used to make trivial changes to the database. Not all issues can be fixed by the fix-up script; therefore, option A is not correct. The tool is comprised of preupgrd.sql and utluppkg.sql scripts, so you need to copy both scripts.

When you click the Restore Database button on the Upgrade Results page, which options must be true to perform a complete restore? A. The database is upgraded from 11.2 release to Oracle Database 12c. B. The database must be backed up using DBUA. C. The COMPATIBLE parameter value must be 11.2.0. D. The database must be backed up prior to the upgrade.

B. The database must be backed up using DBUA. DBUA performs a restore from the backup it created prior to the upgrade; it restores the database files and configuration files from the backup location. For this, you should choose the Use RMAN backup option or the Use Flashback and Guaranteed Restore Point option in the Recovery Options screen (Figure 17.9).

In ARCHIVELOG mode, the loss of a data file for any tablespace other than the SYSTEM or UNDO tablespace affects which objects in the database? A. The loss affects only objects whose extents reside in the lost data file. B. The loss affects only the objects in the affected tablespace, and work can continue in other tablespaces. C. The loss will not abort the instance but will prevent other transactions in any tablespace other than SYSTEM or UNDO until the affected tablespace is recovered. D. The loss affects only those users whose default tablespace contains the lost or damaged data file

B. The loss affects only the objects in the affected tablespace, and work can continue in other tablespaces. The loss of one or more of a tablespace's data files does not prevent other users from doing their work in other tablespaces. Recovering the affected data files can continue while the database is still online and available.

Identify the statement that is not true regarding the loss of a control file. A. A damaged control file can be repaired by using one of the remaining undamaged control files, assuming there are at least two copies of the control file. B. The missing or damaged control file can be replaced while the instance is still active. C. You can temporarily run the instance with one fewer control file, as long as you remove one of the references to the missing control file in the spfile or init.ora file. D. An instance typically fails when one of the multiplexed control files is lost or damaged

B. The missing or damaged control file can be replaced while the instance is still active. The instance must be shut down, if it is not already down, to repair or replace the missing or damaged control file.

All of the following are reasons to configure the server using Shared Server except which one? A. Overall memory utilization is reduced. B. The system is predominantly used for decision support with large result sets returned. C. The system is predominantly used for small transactions with many users. D. The number of idle connections on the server is reduced.

B. The system is predominantly used for decision support with large result sets returned. Shared Server is a scalability option of Oracle. It provides a way to increase the number of supported user processes while reducing the overall memory usage. This configuration is well suited to high-volume, small-transaction-oriented systems with many users connected. Because users share processes, the number of overall idle processes is also reduced. It is not well suited for large data-retrieval-type applications such as decision support.

A client receives the following error message: "ORA-12154 TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified" Which of the following could be possible causes of the error? (Choose Two) A. The listener is not running on the Oracle server. B. The user entered an invalid net service name. C. The user supplied the correct net service name, but the net service name is misspelled in the tnsnames.ora file on the client file. D. The listener is not configured to listen for this service.

B. The user entered an invalid net service name. C. The user supplied the correct net service name, but the net service name is misspelled in the tnsnames.ora file on the client file. Supplying a net service name that is not contained in the tnsnames.ora file can cause this error. Problems with the tnsnames.ora file can cause this error, too. Listener problems will not cause this error.

Which statement regarding Unified Auditing is true? A. Unified Auditing is enabled by setting the parameter AUDIT_TRAIL=UNIFIED. B. Unified Auditing writes audit records to the table owned by user AUDSYS. C. You have to log in as SYSDBA to purge the unified audit-trail records. D. Audit records for RMAN and Datapump are written to audit tables in SYS schema.

B. Unified Auditing writes audit records to the table owned by user AUDSYS. Audit records are written to a read-only table owned by AUDSYS user. The view UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL shows the audit trail records.

You have a database in Oracle 8.1.7 .4 version. The database size is less than 5GB, including all tablespaces (user data, system, temp, and rollback). Which method would you choose to upgrade to Oracle Database 12c? (Choose the best answer.) A. A two-phased upgrade. Upgrade to 10.2.0.5 first, and then upgrade to 12.1.0. B. Use traditional export/import using exp/imp tools. C. Use the transportable tablespace feature to copy the user_data tablespace to an Oracle Database 12c database. D. Use DBUA to upgrade the 8.1.7.4 database directly to 12.1.0.

B. Use traditional export/import using exp/imp tools. Because the database is small, exporting and importing to an existing or newly created Oracle Database 12c database is faster and cleaner.

How do you manage fine-grained auditing? A. With the AUDIT and NOAUDIT statements B. With the DBMS_FGA package C. With the GRANT and REVOKE statements D. With the DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT package and CREATE_POLICY procedure

B. With the DBMS_FGA package Fine-grained auditing is managed using the DBMS_FGA package. The AUDIT and NOAUDIT statements are used to manage statement, privilege, and object auditing. The GRANT and REVOKE statements are used to manage system, object, and role privileges. FGA compliments Unified Auditing by enabling audit conditions to be associated with specific columns.

How do you ensure you are notified when a resumable session is suspended? (Choose two.) A. You'll be notified by email at the address registered in database properties. B. Write a custom script to look for "statement in resumable session * was suspended" in the alert log and notify the DBA. C. Create an AFTER SUSPEND trigger and a code notification. D. A suspended session displays a message on the screen.

B. Write a custom script to look for "statement in resumable session * was suspended" in the alert log and notify the DBA. C. Create an AFTER SUSPEND trigger and a code notification. There is no out-of-the-box mechanism to notify a suspended resumable session. When a session is suspended, information is written to the alert log, an AFTER SUSPEND trigger is fired, and a resumable session suspended alert is issued.

Which of the following is true about EM Database Express? (Choose Two) A. You can start up and shut down a database using Database Express. B. You can read the contents of the alert log file. C. You can modify static initialization parameters. D. The CREATE DATABASE statement creates the Database Control repository in the Database.

B. You can read the contents of the alert log file. C. You can modify static initialization parameters. A database cannot be started or stopped using OEM Database Express. The Database Control repository is not created when the CREATE DATABASE statement is executed. DBCA creates the Database Control repository and configures Database Control for you.

Multiple baseline metrics can be gathered and stored in the AWR. Why might you want more than one metrics baseline? A. You might want a separate baseline metric for each user. B. You might want a separate baseline metric for daytime usage versus off-hours usage. C. You might want a separate baseline metric for each schema. D. You would never want more than one baseline metric, even though it is possible to gather and store them.

B. You might want a separate baseline metric for daytime usage versus off-hours usage. Because many transactional systems run batch processing during off-hours, having a relevant baseline for each type of usage pattern yields better results in terms of alerts and ADDM recommendations.

Which of the following SQL statements allows user augustin to use the privileges associated with the password-protected role info_czar that has been granted to him? A. set role all; B. alter user augustin default role all; C. alter session enable role info_czar; D. alter session enable info_czar identified by brozo;

B. alter user augustin default role all; To enable a password-protected role, you need to either execute a SET ROLE statement specifying the password or alter the user to make the role a default role. Default roles do not require a SET ROLE statement or a password to become enabled.

Which of the following is the correct way to start a listener called LISTENER ? A. lsnrctl startup listener B. lsnrctl start C. netca start D. netmgr start listener

B. lsnrctl start Because the default listener name is LISTENER, simply enter lsnrctl start. The name LISTENER is assumed to be the listener to start in this case.

The Oracle Universal Installer is started by executing which program? A. emctl B. runInstaller C. ouistart D. isqlplusctl

B. runInstaller The runInstaller executable performs a preinstall check of the operating system and hardware resources before starting the OUI graphical tool.

User JAMES has a table named JOBS created on the tablespace USERS. When you issue the following statement, what effect will it have on the JOBS table? ALTER USER JAMES QUOTA 0 ON USERS; A. No more rows can be added to the JOBS table. B. No new blocks can be allocated to the JOBS table. C. No new extents can be allocated to the JOBS table. D. The table JOBS cannot be accessed. E. The table is truncated.

C. When a space quota is exceeded or a quota is removed from a user on a tablespace, the tables remain in the tablespace, but no new extents can be allocated. New rows can be inserted into the table as long as the table does not require Oracle to allocate a new extent in the table.

If the tablespace is offline, which statements should be executed to make the USERS tablespace read-only? (Choose Two) A. ALTER TABLESPACE USERS READ ONLY B. ALTER DATABASE MAKE TABLESPACE USERS READ ONLY C. ALTER TABLESPACE USERS ONLINE D. ALTER TABLESPACE USERS TEMPORARY

C. ALTER TABLESPACE USERS ONLINE A. ALTER TABLESPACE USERS READ ONLY To make a tablespace read-only, all the data files belonging to the tablespace must be online and available. So bring the tablespace online, and then make it read-only.

Of the following privileges, which is the least privilege required to create and manage Unified Auditing in a database, including purging of audit trail? A. SYSDBA B. DBA C. AUDIT_ADMIN D. AUDIT ANY

C. AUDIT_ADMIN The AUDIT_ADMIN role is required to manage Unified Auditing in Oracle Database 12c. This role is granted to SYS and SYSTEM. An audit policy can be created using the AUDIT ANY privilege, but not other administrative actions. DBA and SYSDBA roles are not required, though those privileges work.

Suppose you have used EM Database Control to drill down into ADDM findings and have found that a single SQL statement is causing the majority of the I/O on your system. Which of the following advisors is best suited to troubleshoot this SQL statement? A. SQL Tuning Advisor B. SQL Access Advisor C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

C. Both A and B The log buffer cannot be dynamically resized once the instance is started. There is rarely a need to dynamically adjust the redo log buffer. All other components in the SGA can be dynamically modified.

Suppose you have used EM Database Control to drill down into ADDM findings and have found that a single SQL statement is causing the majority of the I/O on your system. Which of the following advisors is best suited to troubleshoot this SQL statement? A. SQL Tuning Advisor B. SQL Access Advisor C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

C. Both A and B You can use the SQL Tuning Advisor to determine if there is a better optimizer plan and use SQL Access Advisor to determine if creating an index or materialized view would improve performance. These tools together can be used to determine whether I/O can be minimized and overall DB Time reduced to the targeted SQL statement.

When you configure an alert, which of the following types of alert thresholds can you use to monitor a tablespace for diminishing free space? A. Warning threshold B. Critical threshold C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

C. Both A and B You can specify both warning and critical thresholds for monitoring the available free space in a tablespace. In this situation, the warning threshold is generally a lower number than the critical threshold.

Which compression option should be specified to compress blocks of tables that are used by the OLTP application? A. COMPRESS B. NOCOMPRESS C. COMPRESS FOR OLTP D. COMPRESS FOR ONLINE DML

C. COMPRESS FOR OLTP The COMPRESS option by itself enables basic compression, and it compresses only direct-load operations. NOCOMPRESS disables compression. COMPRESS for ONLINE DML is an invalid syntax.

You created a database user using the following statement. Which option will connect the user successfully to the database? CREATE USER JOHN IDENTIFIED BY John1; GRANT CONNECT TO JOHN; A. CONNECT JOHN/JOHN1 B. CONNECT JOHN/john1 C. CONNECT john/John1 D. All of the above

C. CONNECT john/John1 In Oracle Database 12c, user passwords are case sensitive. The username is not case sensitive if you did not enclose it in double quotes

During an upgrade using DBUA, which task cannot be performed by DBUA? A. Configure listener.ora in the 12c Oracle home, if no listener.ora file exists. B. Register the database with an existing listener in the 12c Oracle home. C. Copy the tnsnames.ora file from an old Oracle home to the 12c Oracle home. D. Migrate the listener running in the old Oracle home to the 12c Oracle home.

C. Copy the tnsnames.ora file from an old Oracle home to the 12c Oracle home. DBUA can migrate, copy, and configure the listener in the new 12c Oracle home, depending on the choices you make in the Network Configuration screen of DBUA (Figure 17.8). It will also register the database with the listener by setting the LOCAL_ LISTENER parameter.

If you want to capture the SQL statement and bind variables when performing a standard statement audit, which value should the AUDIT_TRAIL parameter have? A. NONE B. DB C. DB,EXTENDED D. OS E. OS,EXTENDED

C. DB,EXTENDED The AUDIT_TRAIL parameter with the value DB,EXTENDED enables you to capture SQL statements and bind variables in auditing. OS,EXTENDED is not a valid value for AUDIT_TRAIL.

Which data dictionary view can be queried to obtain information about the files that belong to locally managed temporary tablespaces? A. DBA_DATA_FILES B. DBA_TABLESPACES C. DBA_TEMP_FILES D. DBA_LOCAL_FILES

C. DBA_TEMP_FILES Locally managed temporary tablespaces are created using the CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE command. The data files (temporary files) belonging to these tablespaces are in the DBA_TEMP_FILES view. The EXTENT_MANAGEMENT column of the DBA_TABLESPACES view shows the type of tablespace. The data files belonging to locally managed permanent tablespaces and dictionary-managed (permanent and temporary) tablespaces can be queried from DBA_DATA_FILES . Locally managed temporary tablespaces reduce contention on the data dictionary tables.

Which mechanism is used by Oracle to identify the components that need to be upgraded while upgrading a database? A. V$OPTION B. V$LICENSE C. DBMS_REGISTRY D. DBMS_OPTIONS

C. DBMS_REGISTRY DBMS_REGISTRY is used by Oracle to keep the status of components loaded to the database. You can query DBA_REGISTRY to see all the components and their status. It also provides the schema owner of the component and the script to run if a component is invalid.

Which statement is true regarding the SYSTEM tablespace? A. It can be made read-only. B. It can be offline. C. Data files can be renamed. D. Data files cannot be resized.

C. Data files can be renamed. The data files belonging to the SYSTEM tablespace can be renamed when the database is in the MOUNT state by using the ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE statement.

Which of the following initialization parameters controls the mean time to recover the database, in seconds, after an instance failure? A. FAST_START_IO_TARGET B. LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT C. FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET D. MTTR_TARGET_ADVICE E. FAST_START_TARGET_MTTR

C. FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET The parameter FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET specifies the desired time, in seconds, to recover a single instance from a crash or instance failure. The parameters LOG_ CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT and FAST_START_IO_TARGET can still be used in Oracle 12c but should be used only together with an advanced-tuning scenario or for compatibility with older versions of Oracle. MTTR_TARGET_ADVICE and FAST_START_TARGET_MTTR are not valid initialization parameters.

What is the process that notifies the listener after a database connection is established? A. SMON B. PMON C. LREG D. LGWR

C. LREG The LREG process notifies the listener after a client connection is established. This is so that the listener can keep track of the number of connections being serviced by each dispatcher. In versions prior to Oracle Database 12c, the functions of LREG were performed by PMON

Which of the following advisors determines if the space allocated to the shared pool, large pool, or buffer cache is adequate? A. SQL Tuning Advisor B. SGA Tuning Advisor C. Memory Advisor D. Pool Advisor

C. Memory Advisor The Memory Advisor can help determine whether or not the overall size of the SGA is appropriate and whether or not memory is properly allocated to the SGA components.

Which of the following startup options does not perform a database recovery? A. STARTUP B. STARTUP FORCE RESTRICT C. STARTUP NOMOUNT D. STARTUP OPEN E. STARTUP RESTRICT

C. STARTUP NOMOUNT The recovery of a database occurs when the database moves from the MOUNT mode to the OPEN mode. All these options attempt to start up and open the database except for option C, which only puts the database in NOMOUNT mode.

You want to start up the database using a binary initialization file. What is another name for this file? A. Configfile B. Pfile C. Spfile D. init_pfile.ora

C. Spfile An spfile is another term for a server-side binary file that Oracle reads when a database startup is performed. This binary file contains all the nondefault initialization parameters used at startup.

When the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode, database recovery is possible up to which event or time? A. The last redo log file switch B. The last checkpoint position C. The last commit D. The last incremental backup using RMAN

C. The last commit In ARCHIVELOG mode, recovering the database is possible up to the last COMMIT statement; in other words, no committed transactions are lost in ARCHIVELOG mode.

Which of the following is a performance metric that could be defined as "the amount of work that a system can perform in a given amount of time"? A. Response time B. Uptime C. Throughput D. Runtime

C. Throughput Throughput is an important performance metric because it is an overall measure of performance that can be compared against similar measures taken before and after tuning changes are implemented.

Which data dictionary view is used to view the current values of parameters? A. V$DATABASE B. V$SPPARAMETER C. V$PARAMETER D. V$SYSPARAMETER

C. V$PARAMETER V$PARAMETER shows information about the parameters and their current values in the database. V$SPPARAMTER shows the information as read from the spfile.

Which of the following SQL statements disconnects a session after it has been idle for 30 minutes? A. alter session set idle_timeout=30; B. alter session set idle_timeout=1800; C. alter profile default limit idle_time 30; D. alter profile default set idle_timeout 30;

C. alter profile default limit idle_time 30; Profiles limit the amount of idle time, CPU time, logical reads, or other resourceoriented session limits. Option C uses the correct syntax to limit idle time for a session to 30 minutes.

In which of the following files would you find the Shared Server configuration parameters? A. listener.ora B. mts.ora C. init.ora D. tnsnames.ora E. sqlnet.ora

C. init.ora The Shared Server configuration parameters exist in the init.ora or the SPFILE file on the Oracle Server machine.

When dynamic service registration is used, you will not see the service listed in which of the following files where it would normally be located? A. sqlnet.ora B. tnsnames.ora C. listener.ora D. None of the above

C. listener.ora When services are dynamically registered with the listener, their information is not present in the listener.ora file

When you're using DBUA to upgrade a database from Oracle 10g, which of the following activities are not performed by DBUA? (Choose two.) A. Perform the pre-upgrade steps. B. Change listener.ora to configure the new Oracle home directory information. C. Disable archiving during the upgrade. D. Back up the database after the upgrade. E. Recompile any invalid objects. F. Lock the new user accounts that were created. G. Adjust the initialization parameter values. H. Remove the deprecated initialization parameters.

C.Disable archiving during the upgrade. D. Back up the database after the upgrade. DBUA has an option to back up the database prior to the upgrade. It's up to you to back up the database after the upgrade is completed. There is no option to disable archiving during the upgrade. In fact, Oracle encourages you to run the database in ARCHIVELOG mode with flashback on, and DBUA can create a guaranteed restore point as a backup method during the upgrade.

Which statement regarding reclaiming wasted space is true? A. Segment shrink is accomplished using the ALTER TABLE ... MOVE and ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD statements. B. Segment shrink and reorganize are similar operations. C. When a table segment shrink operation is completed, the dependent indexes are in invalid state and need to be rebuilt. D. A segment shrink operation is applicable only on tablespaces with automatic segment space management.

D. A segment shrink operation is applicable only on tablespaces with automatic segment space management ALTER TABLE ... MOVE and ALTER TABLE ... REBUILD are not online operations and will require an exclusive lock on the object. Segment shrink is accomplished using the SHRINK SPACE clause of ALTER TABLE and ALTER INDEX . A shrink operation does not invalidate dependent objects.

Which of the following system privileges should be granted judiciously because they can allow the grantee to masquerade as another user? A. CREATE ANY JOB B. ALTER USER C. CREATE ANY PROCEDURE D. All of the above

D. All of the above The CREATE ANY JOB and CREATE ANY PROCEDURE system privileges allow the grantee to create and run programs with the privileges of another user. The ALTER USER privilege allows the grantee to change a user's password, connect as that user, and then change the password back. These are all powerful system privileges and should be restricted to as few administrative users as practical.

Which of the following options for the pfile/spfile's STATISTICS_LEVEL parameter turns off AWR statistics gathering and ADDM advisory services? A. OFF B. TYPICAL C. ALL D. BASIC

D. BASIC Setting STATISTICS_LEVEL = BASIC disables the collection and analysis of AWR statistics. TYPICAL is the default setting, and ALL gathers information for the execution plan and operating-system timing. OFF is not a valid value for this parameter.

Why are online backups known as inconsistent backups? A. Because not all control files are synchronized to the same SCN until the database is shut down B. Because both committed and uncommitted transactions are included in a backup when the database is online C. Because a database failure while an online backup is in progress can leave the database in an inconsistent state D. Because online backups make copies of data files while they are not consistent with the control file

D. Because online backups make copies of data files while they are not consistent with the control file During an online backup, even if all data files are backed up at the same time, they are rarely, if ever, in sync with the control file.

Which data dictionary view contains information explaining why ADDM made its recommendations? A. DBA_ADVISOR_FINDINGS B. DBA_ADVISOR_OBJECTS C. DBA_ADVISOR_RECOMMENDATIONS D. DBA_ADVISOR_RATIONALE

D. DBA_ADVISOR_RATIONALE DBA_ADVISOR_RATIONALE provides the rationale for each ADDM recommendation. The ADDM findings are stored in DBA_ADVISOR_FINDINGS. The objects related to the findings are shown in DBA_ADVISOR_OBJECTS. The actual ADDM recommendations are found in DBA_ADVISOR_RECOMMENDATIONS.

Which parameter determines the location of the alert log? A. CORE_DUMP_DEST B. BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST C. ALERT_LOG_DEST D. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST

D. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST An alert log is written to a subdirectory under DIAGNOSTIC_DEST. The location specified by DIAGNOSTIC_DEST is known as ADR Base. The ADR_Base/rdbms/database/ instance directory is known as ADR Home for the instance. The Text alert log is written to trace directory under ADR Home and is named alert_SID.log. The XML alert log is written to alert directory under ADR Home and is named log.xml. _DUMP_DEST directories are ignored if they are set. If they are not explicitly set, they show the directory where trace files are written.

You performed the following statement in the database. What actions can you perform on the CUST_INFO table in the CUST_DATA tablespace. (Choose Two.) ALTER TABLESPACE CUST_DATA READ ONLY; A. ALTER TABLE CUST_INFO DROP COLUMN xx; B. TRUNCATE TABLE CUST_INFO; C. INSERT INTO CUST_INFO VALUES (...); D. DROP TABLE CUST_INFO; E. RENAME CUST_INFO TO CUSTOMER_INFO;

D. DROP TABLE CUST_INFO; E. RENAME CUST_INFO TO CUSTOMER_INFO; When a tablespace is read-only, DML operations and operations that affect data in the table are not allowed. TRUNCATE is not allowed, but the DROP operation is allowed. You can also rename the table using the RENAME statement or the ALTER TABLE statement.

User John has updated several rows in a table and issued a commit. What does the DBWn (database writer) process do at this time in response to the commit event? A. Writes the changed blocks to data files. B. Writes the changed blocks to redo log files. C. Triggers checkpoint and thus LGWR writes the changes to redo log files. D. Does nothing.

D. Does nothing. When a user issues a commit, the LGWR process makes sure the redo log buffer is written to the online redo log files. Database writer takes no action against the commit event.

What portion of the tnsnames.ora file specifies the name or IP address of the server where the listener process is listening? A. CONNECT_DATA B. SERVER C. SERVICE_NAME D. HOST

D. HOST The HOST portion specifies the name of the server to contact. CONNECT_DATA specifies the database service to connect to. The PORT portion specifies the location where the listener is listening on the HOST. Option C, SERVICE_NAME, is the name of the actual database service.

Under normal circumstances, which of the following actions or events is not found in the Oracle alert log? A. Database startup and shutdown information B. Nondefault initialization parameters C. ORA-00600 errors D. New columns added to a user table

D. New columns added to a user table The Oracle alert log contains a chronological history of administrative events and actions and certain types of database errors that occur within the database. Adding a column to a user table is not an administrative action and is not recorded in the alert log. Adding a column will be written to alert log if the parameter enable_ddl_logging is set to TRUE; the default is FALSE.

Which of the following conditions prevents the instance from progressing through the NOMOUNT, MOUNT, and OPEN states? A. One of the redo log-file groups is missing a member. B. The instance was previously shut down uncleanly with SHUTDOWN ABORT. C. Either the spfile or init.ora file is missing. D. One of the five multiplexed control files is damaged. E. The USERS tablespace is offline, with one of its data files deleted.

D. One of the five multiplexed control files is damaged. All copies of the control files, as defined in the spfile or the init.ora file, must be identical and available. If one of the redo log-file groups is missing a member, a warning is recorded in the alert log, but instance startup still proceeds. If the instance was previously shut down with SHUTDOWN ABORT, instance recovery automatically occurs during startup. Only an spfile or an init.ora file is needed to enter the NOMOUNT state, not both. If a tablespace is offline, the status of its data files is not checked until an attempt is made to bring it online; therefore, it will not prevent instance startup.

Automatic segment space management on the tablespace causes which of the following table attributes in that tablespace to be ignored? A. The whole storage clause B. NEXT and PCTINCREASE C. BUFFERPOOL and FREEPOOL D. PCTFREE and PCTUSED

D. PCTFREE and PCTUSED Segment space management refers to free-space management, with automatic segment space management using bitmaps instead of FREELISTS , PCTFREE , and PCTUSED .

Which statement about DBUA upgrade is true? A. You must shut down and start the source database using the UPGRADE option before invoking DBUA for upgrade. B. The new home of the database must be added to oratab file. C. DBUA displays the progress of the upgrade, but you have no way of knowing which step or phase is being executed. D. Space requirements are identified by DBUA in the Fast Recovery Area; the SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces must be fixed manually outside DBUA.

D. Space requirements are identified by DBUA in the Fast Recovery Area; the SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces must be fixed manually outside DBUA. DBUA takes care of most of the tasks for DBA during the upgrade, including running the Pre-Upgrade Information tool, performing the upgrade, configuring the network, performing a backup of the database before upgrade, recompiling invalids, adding the database to oratab, etc. It also provides a detailed upgrade progress report with the product component being upgraded and the upgrade phase. If DBUA identifies that there is a space deficiency in the tablespaces or in the fast recovery area, you must fix it manually outside DBUA.

When configured in Shared Server mode, which of the following is contained in the PGA? A. Cursor state B. Sort information C. User session data D. Stack space E. None of the above

D. Stack space A small PGA is maintained even though most of the user-specific information is moved to the SGA (specifically called the UGA in the shared pool or the large pool). The only information left in the reduced PGA is stack space.

You've noticed that when an instance crashes, it takes a long time to start up the database. Which advisor can be used to tune this situation? A. The Undo Advisor B. The SQL Tuning Advisor C. The Database Tuning Advisor D. The MTTR Advisor E. The Instance Tuning Advisor

D. The MTTR Advisor The MTTR Advisor can tell the DBA the most effective value for the FAST_START_ MTTR_TARGET parameter. This parameter specifies the maximum time required in seconds to perform instance recovery

Which of the following is true about Shared Server? A. Dedicated connections cannot be made when Shared Server is configured. B. It is recommended that DSS type batch jobs be performed when connected via Shared Server. C. The database can be started when connected via Shared Server. D. The database cannot be stopped when connected via Shared Server.

D. The database cannot be stopped when connected via Shared Server. Users can still request dedicated connections in a Shared Server configuration. Bequeathed and dedicated connections are one and the same. The database cannot be stopped or started by the DBA when connected over a Shared Server connection.

How would you drop a tablespace if the tablespace were not empty? A. Rename all the objects in the tablespace, and then drop the tablespace. B. Remove the data files belonging to the tablespace from the disk. C. Use ALTER DATABASE DROP <TABLESPACE NAME> CASCADE . D. Use DROP TABLESPACE <TABLESPACE NAME> INCLUDING CONTENTS .

D. Use DROP TABLESPACE <TABLESPACE NAME> INCLUDING CONTENTS . The INCLUDING CONTENTS clause is used to drop a tablespace that is not empty. Oracle does not remove the data files that belong to the tablespace if the files are not Oracle-managed; you need to do it manually using an OS command. Oracle updates only the control file. To remove the files, you can include the INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES clause.

Which script creates the database dictionary? A. dictionary.sql B. catdict.sql C. catproc.sql D. catalog.sql

D. catalog.sql The catalog.sql script creates the data dictionary views, dynamic performance views, and synonyms.

Which of the following statements has the correct syntax and gives the ability to grant the privilege to other users? A. grant alter any table with grant option to desmond; B. grant alter on gl.accounts to desmond with admin option; C. grant alter any table to desmond with grant option; D. grant alter any table to desmond with admin option;

D. grant alter any table to desmond with admin option; Conferring the ability to further grant the privilege requires the keywords WITH ADMIN OPTION for system or role privileges or the keywords WITH GRANT OPTION for object privileges. Only option D has both the correct syntax and the correct keywords. Option B would be correct if WITH GRANT OPTION were used. Option C would be correct if WITH ADMIN OPTION were used. Option A is not syntactically correct.

Name the scripts used by the Pre-Upgrade Information and Post-Upgrade Status tools? A. preupgrd.sql, postupgrd.sql B. utlu121i.sql, utlu121s.sql C. utlu121i.sql, postupgrd.sql D. preupgrd.sql, utlu121s.sql

D. preupgrd.sql, utlu121s.sql Although the utlu121i.sql script is available in the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin directory, it does nothing. The Pre-Upgrade Information tool in Oracle Database 12c is invoked by running preupgrd.sql, which calls the utluppkg.sql script. The PostUpgrade Status tool follows the naming convention of its predecessor versions and is named utlu121s.sql.

Which of the following statements enables the role user_admin in the current session? A. alter session enable role user_admin; B. alter session set role user_admin; C. alter role user_admin enable; D. set role user_admin;

D. set role user_admin; The SET ROLE statement enables or disables roles in the current session.

Which of the following database options must be upgraded individually when you're upgrading the database using the manual method? A. JServer Java Virtual Machine B. Oracle Real Application Clusters C. Oracle XML Database D. All of the above E. None of the above

E. None of the above Oracle Database 12c has a very simplified upgrade process that determines all the components of the database to be upgraded and automatically upgrades them. Oracle uses DBMS_REGISTRY to identify the components to be upgraded.

Choose the statements that are resumable. (Choose three.) A. ALTER TABLE ... SPLIT PARTITION B. SELECT C. INSERT INTO ... SELECT D. CREATE TABLESPACE E. ALTER TABLE ... SHRINK SPACE

A. ALTER TABLE ... SPLIT PARTITION B. SELECT C. INSERT INTO ... SELECT ALTER TABLE ... SPLIT PARTITION involves creating extents; therefore, it is resumable. However, ALTER TABLE ... SHRINK SPACE does not create any new extents and is not resumable. The SELECT statement is resumable, because it could create sort extents. INSERT INTO ... SELECT is resumable, as is any INSERT statement. CREATE TABLESPACE is not resumable, because it does not create any extents when a tablespace is created.

Which type of auditing rule records table insert operations? A. Action B. Privilege C. Role D. Object

A. Action

Querying the V$LOG file shows the following information. Which redo group files are required for instance crash recovery? SQL> select GROUP#, ARCHIVED, STATUS from V$LOG; GROUP# ARC STATUS ---------- --- ---------------- 1 NO CURRENT 2 NO INACTIVE 3 NO INACTIVE 4 NO ACTIVE A. Group 1 and 4 B. Group 2 and 3 C. Groups 1 through 4 D. Group 1 E. Group 4

A. Group 1 and 4 Redo log groups with status CURRENT and ACTIVE are required during instance crash recovery.

An administrator runs the following SQL statements: CREATE USER HR_User IDENTIFIED BY 'Password' DEFAULT TABLESPACE DATA; GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE TABLE to HR_User; HR_User creates a new table in their own schema. What happens when HR_User inserts a row into the new table? A. The insert fails with an error for missing privileges on the DATA tablespace. B. The insert succeeds and its segment is added in the DATA tablespace. C. The insert fails with an error for missing privileges on the TEMPORARY tablespace. D. The insert succeeds and its segment is added to the SYSTEM tablespace.

A. The insert fails with an error for missing privileges on the DATA tablespace.

The DIAGNOSTIC_DEST parameter is not set up in the initialization parameter file. The value of the ORACLE_HOME environment variable is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0, and the value of ORACLE_BASE is /u01/app/oracle. The database and instance name is xyz. What is the location of the text-alert log file for the xyz database? A.)/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/log/rdbms/xyz/xyz/trace B.)/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xyz/xyz/trace C.)/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xyz/xyz/alert D.)/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/diag/rdbms/xyz/xyz/trace E.)/u01/app/oracle/log/rdbms/xyz/xyz/trace

B. /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xyz/xyz/trace The alert log file in Oracle Database 12c is saved in the $ORACLE_BASE/diag/ rdbms///trace directory. The XML version of the alert log file is in the $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms///alert directory.

When you're performing a manual upgrade to Oracle Database 12c, in what order are the following steps performed? 1. Run catctl.pl. 2. Run preupgrd.sql. 3. Run utlu121s.sql. 4. Start the database using the STARTUP UPGRADE option. 5. Start the database using the STARTUP NORMAL option. A. 2, 5, 1, 4, 2 B. 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 C. 4, 2, 1, 5, 3 D. 5, 2, 4, 1, 3

B. 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 The first step is to run the Pre-Upgrade Information utility preupgrd.sql. When you are ready to upgrade, start the database using STARTUP UPGRADE. The catctl.pl script performs the database upgrade and shuts down the database. Then start up the database and perform utlu121s.sql.

Which additional information can administrators collect by configuring the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) to use the ALL statistics collection level? A. Row count B. Execution plan C. Table histogram D. Column density

B. Execution plan

Which network architecture connection uses session memory from the SGA? A. Dedicated Server B. Shared Server C. Database Resident Connection Pooling D. All of the above

B. Shared Server Dedicated server uses session memory from PGA. A pooled server connection is similar to dedicated server once connected; therefore, the memory is coming from PGA as well. For a shared server, the server process is shared; therefore, the request and response information must be kept in the SGA.

Choose two SGA structures that are required in every Oracle instance. A. Large pool B. Shared pool C. Buffer cache D. Java pool

B. Shared pool C. Buffer cache Database buffer cache, shared pool, and log buffer are required; they are configured automatically in every instance. It is better to use Automatic Memory Management or Automatic Shared Memory Management, so that the DBA does not need to tune individual components.

The default critical threshold for a tablespace is set at 97 percent, and you think that is too low. Which two options can you use to change the threshold value to 90 percent for tablespace APPS_DATA ? A. Use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express. B. Use Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control. C. Use DBMS_SERVER_ALERT package. D. Use DBMS_SPACE package.

B. Use Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control. C. Use DBMS_SERVER_ALERT package. OEM Database Express does not have an option to adjust the server-managed alerts in Database 12 c Release 1. OEM Cloud Control and DBMS_SERVER_ALERT.SET_ THRESHOLD can be used to set the threshold for tablespaces.

Which SQL statement is allowed with external tables? A. UPDATE B. DELETE C. SELECT D. INSERT

C. SELECT

The administrator wants to allow a user to connect via a dedicated connection into a database configured in Shared Server mode. Which of the following options accomplishes this? A. (SERVER=DEDICATED) B. (CONNECT=DEDICATED) C. (INSTANCE=DEDICATED) D. (MULTITHREADED=FALSE) E. None of the above

A. (SERVER=DEDICATED) A user must explicitly request a dedicated connection when a server is configured in Shared Server mode. Otherwise, the user gets a Shared Server connection. The correct parameter is (SERVER=DEDICATED).

In your Oracle Database 11g environment, the ORACLE_SID is set to my11g, the ORACLE_ BASE directory is set to /u01/app/oracle, and the ORACLE_HOME directory is set to /u01/ app/oracle/db/11.2.0. When you run the Pre-Upgrade Information tool on this environment from the /home/dba/preup directory, to which location are the log file and fix-up scripts written? A. /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/my11g/preupgrade B. /u01/app/oracle/db/11.2.0/cfgtoollogs/my11g/preupgrade C. /home/dba/preup/cfgtoollogs/my11g/preupgrade D. /home/dba/preup

A. /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/my11g/preupgrade If $ORACLE_BASE is defined, the generated scripts and log files are saved in the $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/db_unique_name/preupgrade directory. If $ORACLE_BASE is not defined, then the generated scripts and log files are created in $ORACLE_HOME/ cfgtoollogs/db_unique_name/preupgrade

Before manually upgrading an 11.1.0.7 database, what should be the appropriate value of the COMPATIBLE parameter? The current value is the default and is not specified in the parameter file. A. 11.1.0.7 B. 10.2.0.5 C. 12.1.0 D. Do not specify the COMPATIBLE parameter in the parameter file.

A. 11.1.0.7 The minimum COMPATIBLE value for Oracle Database 12c is 11.0.0. Because the value is not set in the parameter file, the default value for the version of the database is 11.1.0. If you keep the parameter the same version as the upgraded database, you will have the opportunity to downgrade the database if something goes wrong after the upgrade; therefore, the best option is to keep the value at 11.1.0.7 during the upgrade. Option C and D are valid values, but you would lose the downgrade opportunity. The default value of the parameter is 12.0.0 if you do not specify the parameter explicitly.

By default, how long will database statistics be retained in the AWR? A. 8 days B. 30 days C. 7 hours D. Indefinitely

A. 8 days By default, database statistics are retained in the AWR for eight days. You can change the default duration using the EM Database Control Automatic Workload Repository link on the Performance tab or using the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY PL/SQL package.

Which command is used to enable the autoextensible feature for a file if the file is already part of a tablespace? A. ALTER DATABASE. B. ALTER TABLESPACE. C. ALTER DATA FILE. D. You cannot change the autoextensible feature once the data file is created.

A. ALTER DATABASE. You can use the ALTER TABLESPACE command to rename a file that belongs to the tablespace, but all other file-management operations are done through the ALTER DATABASE command. To enable autoextension, use ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE <FILENAME> AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT <INTEGER> MAXSIZE <INTEGER> .

Choose the best option regarding extents. A. An extent is a grouping of Oracle blocks. B. An extent is a grouping of OS blocks. C. An extent is a grouping of segments. D. An extent is allocated when a table is created.

A. An extent is a grouping of Oracle blocks. An extent consists of one or more contiguous Oracle blocks. Option B is true if you extend the answer a little bit, that an Oracle block is a multiple of OS blocks. A segment consists of one or more extents, not the other way. An extent is not always allocated when a table is created; an extent is allocated when the first row is inserted into the table.

Which is a true statement regarding image copies and backup sets. A. An image copy stores one data file per image copy, and a backup set can store many data files in a single file. B. An image copy stores one data file per image copy, and a backup set consists of one file per data file backed up. C. Both image copies and backup sets use a single file to store all objects to be backed up. D. A backup set stores each data file in its own backup file, but an image copy places all data files into a single output file.

A. An image copy stores one data file per image copy, and a backup set can store many data files in a single file. Image copies are duplicate data and log files in OS format. Backup sets are binary compressed files in Oracle proprietary format. In addition to storing multiple data files in a single output file, backup sets do not contain unused blocks.

Which initialization parameter cannot be changed after the database is created? A. DB_BLOCK_SIZE B. DB_NAME C. CONTROL_FILES D. None. All parameters can be changed as and when required.

A. DB_BLOCK_SIZE The block size of the database cannot be changed after database creation. The database name can be changed after the control file is re-created with a new name, and the CONTROL_FILES parameter can be changed after the control files are copied to the new location.

By default, how much space can any account use for a new table? A. None B. Up to the current free space in the tablespace C. Unlimited space, including autoextends D. Up to the default quota established at tablespace creation time

A. None By default, user accounts have no quota in any tablespace. Before a user can create a table or an index, you need to either give the user a quota in one or more specific tablespaces or grant the UNLIMITED TABLESPACE system privilege to give an unlimited quota (including autoextends) in all tablespaces.

Which statements regarding Database Resident Connection Pooling (DRCP) are true? (Choose two.) A. When a DRCP pooled server connection is made by an application, it is equivalent to a dedicated server connection. B. When a database has DRCP enabled, all connections default to a pooled connection unless DEDICATED server is explicitly specified in the connect string. C. When an application using the DRCP connection disconnects, the server connection (process) is handed off to the broker. D. When using the Oracle Net Easy Connect method, it is not possible to utilize DRCP.

A. When a DRCP pooled server connection is made by an application, it is equivalent to a dedicated server connection. C. When an application using the DRCP connection disconnects, the server connection (process) is handed off to the broker. Even if DRCP is enabled in the database, the client or application connection must always request a pooled connection using SERVER=POOLED in connect syntax. To use Easy Connect and DRCP, the syntax is host:port/service_name:POOLED.

Which of the following SQL statements limits attempts to guess passwords by locking an account after three failed logon attempts? A. alter profile default limit failed_login_attempts 3; B. alter system set max_logon_failures = 3 scope=both; C. alter user set failed_login_attempts = 3; D. alter system set failed_login_attempts = 3 scope=both;

A. alter profile default limit failed_login_attempts 3; You limit the number of failed logon attempts with a profile.

Which of the following statements create an Oracle account but let the operating system authenticate logons? (Choose two.) A. create user ops$admin identified by os; B. create user ops$admin identified externally; C. create user ops$admin nopassword; D. create user ops$admin authenticated by os;

A. create user ops$admin identified by os; B. create user ops$admin identified externally; Authentication by the operating system is called external authentication, and the Oracle account name must match the operating-system account name prefixed with the OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX string. When a user is created with the OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX string, the password provided in option A is ignored, and the user is created as externally authenticated.

Which of the following statements give user desmond the ability to alter table gl.accounts? A. grant alter on gl.accounts to desmond; B. grant alter to desmond on gl.accounts; C. grant alter table to desmond; D. allow desmond to alter table gl.accounts;

A. grant alter on gl.accounts to desmond; Altering a table in another user's schema requires either the object privilege ALTER on that object or the system privilege ALTER ANY TABLE. Option A has the correct syntax for granting the object privilege on ALTER gl.accounts to user desmond. The alter table privilege in option C is invalid. CREATE TABLE implicitly gives the privilege to alter a table. One would need the ALTER ANY TABLE privilege to alter another user's table.

Where is the listener.ora file located by default? A. $ORACLE_HOME/RDBMS B. $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN C. $ORACLE_HOME/DATABASE/ADMIN D. $ORACLE_HOME/DBS/ADMIN

B. $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN

Which of the following substitution-variable formats are always required for specifying the names of the archived redo log files? Choose all that apply. A. %d B. %s C. %r D. %t

B. %s C. %r D. %t The substitution variable %d, which represents the database ID, is required only if multiple databases share the same archive log destination.

Which procedure is used to tell Oracle that the statistics gathered should not be published? A. DBMS_STATS.PUBLISH_STATS B. DBMS_STATS.SET_TABLE_PREFS C. DBMS_STATS.PENDING_STATS D. DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS

B. DBMS_STATS.SET_TABLE_PREFS The DBMS_STATS.SET_TABLE_PREFS procedure is used to set the PUBLISH preference to FALSE. To be able to use the pending statistics, the OPTIMIZER_USE_PENDING_STATISTICS parameter must be set to TRUE in the session.

The database is using automatic memory management. The standard block size for the database is 8KB. You need to create a tablespace with a block size of 16KB. Which initialization parameter should be set? A. DB_8K_CACHE_SIZE B. DB_16K_CACHE_SIZE C. DB_CACHE_SIZE D. None of the above

B. DB_16K_CACHE_SIZE DB_CACHE_SIZE doesn't need to be set for the standard block size because Automatic Memory Management is used. If you set DB_CACHE_SIZE , its value will be used as the minimum. DB_16K_CACHE_SIZE should be set for the nonstandard block size. You must not set the DB_8K_CACHE_SIZE parameter because the standard block size is 8KB.

Communication between two Oracle databases is configured using: A. Database Resident Connection Pooling B. Database link C. Connection Manager D. Oracle Net Manager

B. Database link Database links facilitate communication between databases. Using a database link access syntax (@dblink_name), data from a remote database is available locally.

Complete the sentence. To run the Pre-Upgrade Information tool, the database must be started _____. A. From Oracle Database 12c home B. From the original database home C. With the STARTUP UPGRADE option D. With the STARTUP PREUPGRADE option

B. From the original database home The database must be running from the original Oracle database home. The PreUpgrade Information tool does not make any changes to the database or impact the application using the database. The Pre-Upgrade Information scripts (preupgrd.sql and utluppkg.sql) may be copied to another directory, and you can run preupgrd.sql to invoke the tool.

Which option is not available for upgrading a database from 11.2.0.2 to 12.1.0? A. Full Database Export/Import using Data Pump. B. Full Transportable Export/Import. C. Manual upgrade using catctl.pl. D. DBUA upgrade. E. All of the above are available options.

B. Full Transportable Export/Import. The Full Transportable Export/Import option is available for database versions at or higher than 11.2.0.3.

Examine the code, and choose the option that best describes the reason for error. CREATE USER JOHN IDENTIFIED BY JOHN1; CREATE ROLE HR_QUERY; GRANT CONNECT, OEQUERY, SELECT ANY TABLE TO HR_QUERY; ALTER USER JOHN DEFAULT ROLE ALL EXCEPT HR_QUERY; GRANT HR_QUERY TO JOHN; CONNECT JOHN/JOHN1 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM HR.EMPLOYEES; Error: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges A. John needs the SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE privilege. B. HR_QUERY is not a default role for John. C. The SELECT privilege on the HR.EMPLOYEES table is not granted to JOHN or HR_QUERY. D. John should enable the role using the SET ROLE statement and a password.

B. HR_QUERY is not a default role for John. Because HR_QUERY has the SELECT ANY TABLE privilege, no other privilege is required to query user tables in the database. To avoid the error, HR_QUERY must be defined as a default role for John, or John should use the SET ROLE statement. A password is not needed for SET ROLE because the role is not password protected.

Which two parameters configure automatic PGA memory management? A. SGA_TARGET B. PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET C. WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY D. PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT

B. PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET C. WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY When the WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY is set to AUTO, work areas used by memoryintensive operations are sized automatically, based on the PGA memory used by the system, and the target PGA memory set in PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET. When WORKAREA_ SIZE_POLICY is set to MANUAL, the *_AREA_SIZE parameters need to be configured manually.

Which is not a type of segment that is stored in a tablespace? A. Undo B. Redo C. Permanent D. Temporary

B. Redo Redo information is not stored in a segment; it is stored in the redo logs. Undo segments are stored in the undo tablespace; temporary segments are in the temporary tablespace; and permanent segments go into all the other tablespaces.

Which is a requirement for using host naming? A. You must use tnsnames.ora on the client. B. You must be using TCP/IP. C. You must have an OID present. D. You must have a sqlnet.ora file present on the client. E. None of the above.

B. You must be using TCP/IP. Host naming is typically used in small installations that have few Oracle databases. This is an attractive option when you want to minimize client-side configuration. TCP/IP is a requirement when you use host naming

If your database name is PROD and your instance name is PROD1, what would be the name of the text-alert log file? A. alertPROD.log B. alert_PROD1.log C. PROD1alert.log D. PROD_alert.log

B. alert_PROD1.log The text-alert log file has the name alert_.log. For most non-RAC databases, the instance name and database name would be the same.

Which object can be added to an existing bigfile tablespace? A. datafiletemp table B. table data C. tablespacedictionary table D. undo data

B. table data

Which failures can be detected by the Data Recovery Advisor, which then provides repair recommendations? Choose all that apply. A. Instance failure B. Accidental deletion of a data file C. Disk containing one redo log member is offline D. User accidentally dropped a table

B.Accidental deletion of a data file C. Disk containing one redo log member is offline Media failure, physical corruption, logical corruption, and missing data files all can be identified by the Data Recovery Advisor, which also provides recommendations for repair.

The instance can still be started even if some data files are missing; this rule does not apply to which tablespaces? (Choose all that apply.) A. USERS B. SYSTEM C. TEMP D. SYSAUX E. UNDO

B.SYSTEM E. UNDO If a tablespace is taken offline because a data file is missing, the instance can still be started as long as the missing data file does not belong to the SYSTEM or UNDO tablespace.

Which of the following statements about tablespaces is true? A. A tablespace is the physical implementation of a logical structure called a namespace. B. A tablespace can hold the objects of only one schema. C. A bigfile tablespace can have only one data file. D. The SYSAUX tablespace is an optional tablespace created only if you install certain database options.

C. A bigfile tablespace can have only one data file. Bigfile tablespaces can have only a single data file. The traditional or smallfile tablespace can have many data files (the limit is OS-dependent, mostly 1022).

Which option provides the opportunity to defragment the database during the upgrade? A. Manual upgrade B. DBUA upgrade C. Data Pump Export/Import D. Transport Database

C. Data Pump Export/Import The Data Pump Export/Import method copies data from the source database to an already-created Oracle Database 12c database. As the tables and indexes are newly created and data rows are inserted, there will be no fragmentation of space in the new database. The Transport Database option is available for databases 11.2.0.3 or higher, but it does not defragment tables.

Which allocation unit is the smallest? A. Data file B. Extent C. Data block D. Segment

C. Data block An extent is composed of two or more data blocks; a segment is composed of one or more extents; and a data file houses all these.

Which of the following is false about request queues? A. They reside in the SGA. B. They are shared by all the dispatchers. C. Each dispatcher has its own request queue. D. The shared server processes remove requests from the request queue.

C. Each dispatcher has its own request queue. Request queues reside in the SGA, and there is one request queue per instance. This is where shared server processes pick up requests that are made by users. Dispatchers have their own response queues, but they share a single request queue.

An administrator creates a user profile that forces a change to the user's password at the first login. Which clause did the administrator include in the create user statement? A. BY PASSWORD B. ACCOUNT LOCK C. PASSWORD EXPIRE D. ACCOUNT UNLOCK

C. PASSWORD EXPIRE

What is the first step that the dispatcher performs after it receives a request from the user? A. Pass the request to a shared server. B. Place the request in a request queue in the PGA. C. Place the request in a request queue in the SGA. D. Process the request.

C. Place the request in a request queue in the SGA. Once a dispatcher receives a request from the user process, it places the request on the request queue. Remember that in a Shared Server environment, a request can be handled by a shared server process. This is made possible by placing the request and user information in the SGA.

Which parameter can an administrator enable without restarting a database? A. COMPATIBLE B. DB_DOMAIN C. SGA_TARGET D. UNDO_MANAGEMENT

C. SGA_TARGET

Choose the information that is not part of a ROWID. A. Data object number B. Relative file number C. Segment ID where the block belongs D. Block number in the file

C. Segment ID where the block belongs Segment ID is not part of ROWID. ROWID includes the data object number, relative f ile number where the block is stored, the block number in the file, and the row number.

Connection Manager provides which of the following? A. Multiplexing B. Cross-protocol connectivity C. Network access control D. All of the above

D. All of the above Connection Manager is a middleware solution that provides for the multiplexing of connections, cross-protocol connectivity, and network access control. All the answers describe Connection Manager.

Which types of events are recorded in an alert log? A. Package creation B. User creation C. Role creation D. Tablespace creation

D. Tablespace creation

Which tool provides status upgrade result information after an upgrade? A. utluiobj.sql B. emremove.sql C. catuppst.sql D. utlu121s.sql

D. utlu121s.sql

User Isabella updates a table and commits the change after a few seconds. Which of the following actions are happening in the database? Order them in the correct sequence and ignore the actions that are not relevant. 1. A. Oracle reads the blocks from data file to buffer cache and updates the blocks. 2. E. The server process writes the change vectors to the redo log buffer. 3. C. The user commits the change. 4. F. LGWR flushes the redo log buffer to redo log files. 5. G. A checkpoint occurs. 6. B. Changed blocks from the buffer cache are written to data files. 7. D. LGWR writes the changed blocks to the redo log buffer. (Not Relevant)

A, E, C, F, G, B. Data blocks are always changed in the memory, and the change vec tors are written to redo the log buffer. LGWR writes the redo log buffers to redo the log files on disk as soon as the commit occurs. This guarantees recoverability. During a checkpoint, data files are updated with the changed blocks by the DBWn process.

What does the SERVER=DEDICATED element in a tnsnames.ora file associate with each client connection? A. A committed server process B. A shared server process C. A pooled server process D. A dispatched server process

A. A committed server process

Given the following transactions and sessions named Session1 and Session2: At 8:00, Session1 issues the statement: UPDATE POLICY SET LOB= '16' WHERE status='bound' AND LOB_CAT='cancel'; At 8:05, Session1 commits the update transaction. At 8:05, Session2 issues the statement: UPDATE POLICY SET LOB= '16' WHERE status='submitted' And LOB_CAT='cancel'; At 8:15, Session1 issues the statement: UPDATE POLICY SET LOB= '81' WHERE status='bound' AND LOB_CAT='cancel'; At 8:30, Session2 issues the statement: UPDATE POLICY SET LOB= '16' WHERE status='bound' AND LOB_CAT='cancel'; What happens after Session2 issues the statement at 8:30? A. A deadlock occurs, and the database cancels Session2. B. The database is updated by the second transaction from Session2. C. A deadlock occurs, and the database cancels Session1. D. The database is not updated, and both sessions are terminated.

A. A deadlock occurs, and the database cancels Session2.

What is the result of the CASCADE option when used with the DROP USER command? A. All the user's objects are removed from the database. B. Any privileges granted by the user are revoked. C. All objects that depended on the users' objects are removed. D. Any user accounts that accessed the users' data are disabled.

A. All the user's objects are removed from the database.

Two structures make up an Oracle server: an instance and a database. Which of the following best describes the difference between an Oracle instance and a database? A. An instance consists of memory structures and processes, whereas a database is composed of physical files. B. An instance is used only during database creation; after that, the database is all that is needed. C. An instance is started whenever the demands on the database are high, but the database is used all the time. D. An instance is configured using a pfile, whereas a database is configured using a spfile.

A. An instance consists of memory structures and processes, whereas a database is composed of physical files. The instance consists of the SGA and all the Oracle background processes. The database is composed of the control files, data files, and redo logs.

How should an administrator enable mixed-mode auditing for a database? A. By configuring the ORA_ACCOUNT_MGMT predefined policy B. By recompiling the Oracle executable using the uniaud_on parameter C. By setting the parameter COMPATIBLE to 12.1 D. By setting the parameter STATISTICS_LEVEL to ALL

A. By configuring the ORA_ACCOUNT_MGMT predefined policy

Which data pump parameter can an administrator use to perform a metadata-only export? A. CONTENT B. SCHEMAS C. INCLUDE D. ATTACH

A. CONTENT

All of the following are database-management options within the Database Configuration Assistant except which one? A. Change Database Initialization Parameters B. Create a Database C. Manage Templates D. Delete a Database

A. Change Database Initialization Parameters The Database Configuration Assistant lets you create databases, manage templates, add database options, and delete databases. Although you can change initialization parameters when you are defining a database, this is not one of the management options available.

Which type of connection uses the Oracle Listener to communicate? A. Client with database server B. Browser with application server C. Two application servers D. Client with backup tool

A. Client with database server

Which format minimizes the space required for a full database backup? A. Compressed B. Image C. Backup set D. Binary file

A. Compressed

An administrator plans to use SQL*Loader to import a data file using a fixed-width format. Which file must be configured before importing the file? A. Control B. Data C. Bad D. Discard

A. Control

Which file must be present to start an instance of a database? A. Control B. Redo C. Archive D. Alert

A. Control

Which package should an administrator use to configure local extent management for tablespaces? A. DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN B. DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT C. DBMS_TRANSFORM D. DBMS_METADATA

A. DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN

Which tool contains procedures to collect performance information on database objects? A. DBMS_STATS B. Automated Maintenance Tasks C. DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY D. Cost-based optimizer

A. DBMS_STATS

Which method is used to perform an in-place upgrade? A. Database Upgrade Assistant B. Export/import C. Transportable tablespace D. Oracle GoldenGate

A. Database Upgrade Assistant

Which condition is automatically resolved by Oracle without human intervention? A. Deadlocks B. "Snapshot too old" error C. Resumable space allocation D. Flash recovery area

A. Deadlocks

Which privilege provides grantees permission to remove accounts from a database? A. Drop user B. Alter user C. Drop profile D. Alter profile

A. Drop user

An administrator attempts to roll back a transaction from the previous day. The rollback attempt fails. Which action will prevent the failure from recurring? A. Enabling the retention guarantee B. Setting the session to be resumable C. Flushing the log buffer D. Restarting the database

A. Enabling the retention guarantee

Which method allows any Oracle release to be migrated to Oracle 12c? A. Export and Import B. Manual Upgrades C. Transportable Tablespaces D. Database Upgrade Assistant

A. Export and Import

Which information is included in the output of the utlu121s.sql post-upgrade status script? A. Information about the current version of database components B. The before and after upgrade size of the SYSTEM tablespace C. Newly created default accounts that should be locked D. A list of patches recommended for the new version

A. Information about the current version of database components

What can be queried from a database while it is in the NOMOUNT state? A. Instance parameters B. Control file records C. Checkpoint information D. Incarnation information

A. Instance parameters

Which area is a member of the System Global Area (SGA)? A. Java pool B. Log writer C. Database writer D. Process monitor

A. Java Pool

A user creates a role granting select and update access to table1, and assigns the role to a coworker. The next day the user revokes select access from the role. Which actions will the coworker still be able to perform on table1? A. Modify B. Display C. Add D. Delete

A. Modify

Which of the following best describes a RAC configuration? A. One database, multiple instances B. One instance, multiple databases C. Multiple databases plugged in from multiple servers D. Multiple databases, multiple instances

A. One database, multiple instances With Real Application Clusters, multiple instances (known as nodes) can mount one database. One instance can be associated with only one database.

After an administrator granted some privileges to a user, all database users automatically had those same privileges. Which user was assigned the privileges? A. PUBLIC B. SCOTT C. SYSTEM D. DBSNMP

A. PUBLIC

Which tasks are accomplished by the SMON process? (Choose all that apply.) A. Performs recovery at instance startup B. Performs cleanup after a user session is terminated C. Starts any server process that stopped running D. Coalesces contiguous free space in dictionary-managed tablespaces

A. Performs recovery at instance startup D. Coalesces contiguous free space in dictionary-managed tablespaces SMON is responsible for performing instance recovery using the online redo log files and for coalescing contiguous free space in tablespaces. The PMON is responsible for session cleanup and for freeing up all resources after a user session is terminated.

An administrator wants to limit CPU time for accounts. Which object should the administrator alter? A. Profile B. Role C. Tablespace D. Schema

A. Profile

Which component is configured at database startup and cannot be dynamically managed? A. Redo log buffer B. Streams pool C. Java pool D. Shared pool E. None of the above

A. Redo log buffer An Oracle database allows you to manage all memory components dynamically, except the redo log buffer. Redo log buffer is set at instance startup and is not dynamically alterable without restarting the instance.

Which feature allows a failed transaction to be suspended until the problem that caused the failure is resolved? A. Resumable space allocation B. Segment shrinking C. Instance recovery D. Oracle managed files

A. Resumable space allocation

A company plans to use Data Guard SQL Apply to migrate a database to Oracle 12c. Which type of upgrade does this tool perform? A. Rolling B. Export/import C. Transportable tablespace D. Direct

A. Rolling

What allows users to capture data from non-Oracle sources into an Oracle database? A. SQL*Loader B. Recovery Manager C. Transportable Tablespaces D. Import Transformation

A. SQL*Loader

How is undo tablespace storage allocated? A. Segments are assigned dynamically each time a change is made. B. Segments are static and are configured by the database administrator. C. Each transaction specifies how many segments are required for the transaction. D. Each transaction uses segments that are released from prior transactions.

A. Segments are assigned dynamically each time a change is made.

Which parameter determines how long information should be kept before it is overwritten in an undo tablespace? A. UNDO_RETENTION B. DBA_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET C. SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE D. UNDO_MANAGEMENT

A. UNDO_RETENTION

Which dictionary table stores the credentials for a password-authenticated account? A. USER$ B. UET$ C. FET$ D. AUD$

A. USER$

Which information from a remote database is included in the configuration of a database link? A. User name B. Data files C. Tables D. Views

A. User name

Which action updates a database from an earlier version to a newer version while the database remains online? A. Using Oracle Golden Gate B. Using Oracle Universal Installer C. Performing a manual upgrade D. Performing a parallel upgrade

A. Using Oracle Golden Gate

Which view displays database parameters and values modified using the SCOPE=SPFILE clause? A. V$SPPARAMETER B. V$NLS_PARAMETER C. V$HS_PARAMETER D. V$PARAMETER

A. V$SPPARAMETER

When does a DBA run an Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) report to find the root cause of an issue? A. When a job is running slow in the database B. When the database fails to recover C. When the database fails to start up D. When a space issue occurs in the database

A. When a job is running slow in the database

Which interactive tool presents a view of an alert log? A. adrci B. imp C. lsnrctl D. tkprof

A. adrci

A database link named wgu2021 has been created to link to a remote object in the test database. The object is named employee and is owned by Scott. Which reference resolves to the remote object? A. scott.employee@wgu2021 B. scott.employee C. employee D. scott.employee@test

A. scott.employee@wgu2021

What should an administrator use to identify tables that are fragmented? A. Segment Advisor B. Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor C. DBMS_SPACE D. DBMS_REPAIR

A. segment advisor

A database administrator needs to recover unused space from a tablespace while preventing data loss. What should the administrator use? A. The SHRINK option B. The DROP command C. The FLASHBACK command D. The OFFLINE clause

A. the SHRINK option

Choose the best statement from the options related to segments. A. A contiguous set of blocks constitutes a segment. B. A nonpartitioned table can have only one segment. C. A segment can belong to more than one tablespace. D. All of the above are true.

B. A nonpartitioned table can have only one segment. A table or index has a segment. A segment consists of one or more extents. A segment can belong to only one tablespace, but it can span across multiple data files.

Which tool identifies potential performance bottlenecks? A. Cluster Verification Utility B. Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor C. Oracle Data Guard Broker D. Privilege Analysis

B. Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor

You need to find the directory where the Oracle alert log is being written. Which initialization parameter can be best used to list the full directory path of the alert log location? A. ALERT_LOG_DEST B. BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST C. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST D. INIT_LOG_DUMP_DEST

B. BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST is the initialization parameter that determines where the Automatic Diagnostic Repository home is located. The alert log file would be in the /diag/rdbms///alert directory. A text version of the alert log is in the /diag/ rdbms///trace directory. But BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST shows the full path of the trace directory location.

When an incremental checkpoint happens in a database, which file(s) are updated with the checkpoint position? A. Data files B. Control files C. Initialization Parameter Files D. Redo log files E. Archive log files

B. Control files During an incremental database checkpoint, the control file is updated with the checkpoint position; data files are not updated. Data file headers are updated with checkpoint information by the DBWn process when dirty buffers are written to the files. During threaded checkpoint or full database checkpoint, all file headers are updated. This happens during a normal shutdown as well as during online log switch.

A database will be migrated to a platform that has a different endianness. Which action must be performed on the data files before the migration? A. Compress by using a compression tool B. Convert by using Recovery Manager C. Include in a transportable tablespace D. Verify free space allocation of 20%

B. Convert by using Recovery Manager

What is the impact of setting the value of the undo retention initialization parameter to 900 in an undo tablespace that uses a fixed size? A. Data for committed transactions will be kept for the specified period of time. B. Data for committed transactions will be overwritten if an active transaction needs the space. C. Up to 900 MB of data will be protected from being overwritten. D. Up to 900 transactions will be protected from being overwritten.

B. Data for committed transactions will be overwritten if an active transaction needs the space.

Which parameter affects the mean time to recovery target for a database instance? A. LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT B. LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL C. LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE D. LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

B. LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL

Which of the following is the proper order of Oracle's storage hierarchy, from smallest to largest? A. Operating-system block, database block, segment, extent B. Operating-system block, database block, extent, segment C. Segment, extent, database block, operating-system block D. Segment, database block, extent, operating-system block

B. Operating-system block, database block, extent, segment Multiple operating-system blocks make up database blocks, contiguous chunks of which make up extents. A segment consists of one or more extents.

What is the purpose of the undo tablespace? A. To manage space for sort operations B. To facilitate the rollback of transactions C. To allocate space for SQL cursors D. To maintain the Automatic Workload Repository

B. To facilitate the rollback of transactions

You noticed that the current value of the UNDO_RETENTION parameter is 900 and is too low for some of your transactions. The database was created using DBCA. You issue the following statement: ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_RETENTION=4800; Which option is true? A. UNDO_RETENTION is a static parameter and, therefore, cannot be changed using ALTER SYSTEM. B. The change will be available to the instance only after a database cycle. C. The value is changed in memory, and when the database restarts the next time, the new value will be preserved when using the spfile. D. The value is changed only in memory, and the server parameter file needs to be updated for the change to persist across database shutdowns.

C. When using ALTER SYSTEM to change parameter values, the change is made to the server parameter file (spfile) too, because the default for the SCOPE clause is BOTH. Option D would have been correct, if the pfile were used to start up the database. When a database is created using DBCA, the parameter file created is always spfile.

From the following list, choose two processes that are optional in an Oracle Database 12c database. A. MMON B. MMNL C. ARCn D. MMAN

C. ARCn D. MMAN MMON (Manageability Monitor) captures the AWR database and performs ADDM analysis. MMNL (Manageability Monitor Lite) performs tasks related to active session-history sampling and metrics computation. The ARCn (Archiver) process is responsible for writing redo log copies to the archive log location. This process is enabled only when the database is running in ARCHIVELOG mode. MMAN (Memory Manager) is responsible for resizing the memory components when required. This process is active only when Automatic Memory operations are configured.

In response to users' complaints that the system is slow, a database administrator detects that a user is consuming too many resources. Which parameter controls the use of service units? A. CPU_PER_CALL B. CPU_PER_SESSION C. COMPOSITE_LIMIT D. ASM_POWER_LIMIT

C. COMPOSITE_LIMIT

Which component is not part of an Oracle instance? A. System global area B. Process monitor C. Control file D. Shared pool E. None

C. Control file Control file, data file, and redo log files are part of the Oracle database. The Oracle instance constitutes the memory structures and background processes.

Which dictionary view is available in the database to view segment advisor results? A. DBA_ADVISOR_TASKS B. DBA_ADVISOR_TEMPLATES C. DBA_ADVISOR_OBJECTS D. DBA_ADVISOR_USAGE

C. DBA_ADVISOR_OBJECTS

Which initialization parameter sets the location of the alert log? A. AUDIT_FILE_DEST B. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST C. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST D. CORE_DUMP_DEST

C. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST

Which parameter disables conventional path loading when using SQL*Loader? A. PARALLEL B. SILENT C. DIRECT D. RESUMABLE

C. DIRECT

An administrator starts a database and initiates instance recovery. Which type of files can be recovered? A. Control B. Redo log C. Data D. Trace

C. Data

Which upgrade option automates the upgrade process without user intervention? A. Database Upgrade Assistant GUI interface B. Manual database upgrade C. Database Upgrade Assistant in silent mode D. Export/import upgrade

C. Database Upgrade Assistant in silent mode

Which process duplicates modified blocks from a buffer cache to files on disk? A. Apply Server (ASnn) B. Checkpoint (CKPT) C. Database Writer (DBWn) D. Log Writer (LGWR)

C. Database Writer (DBWn)

Which net service naming method requires the client to use a fixed port number? A. Local B. External C. Host D. Directory

C. Host

Which background process guarantees that committed data is saved even when the changes have not been recorded in data files? A. DBWn B. PMON C. LGWR D. CKPT E. ARCn

C. LGWR The log writer (LGWR) process writes the redo log buffer information to the online redo log files. A commit operation is completed only after the redo buffer is written to online redo log files.

Which component of the SGA contains the parsed SQL code? A. Database buffer cache B. Dictionary cache C. Library cache D. Parse cache

C. Library cache The shared SQL area is stored in the library cache in a shared pool and is shared between users. If a query is executed again before it is aged out of the library cache, Oracle will use the parsed code and execution plan from the library cache. The database buffer cache has the data blocks cached. The dictionary cache caches data dictionary information. There is no SGA component called the parse cache.

You want to create a database using the DBCA with DB_BLOCK_SIZE as 32KB. Which statement is true? A. A block size of 32KB is not allowed in Oracle Database 12c. B. You must choose the Data Warehouse template in the DBCA. C. You must choose the Custom template in the DBCA. D. You must set the environment variable DB_BLOCK_SIZE to 32,768.

C. You must choose the Custom template in the DBCA. The Custom template lets you choose the database block size in the DBCA. If the template includes data files, the block size of the template cannot be changed. The predefined templates that come with data files have the block size at 8K

Which parameter must be set after an upgrade to enable the new version's features? A. processes B. cluster_database C. compatible D. hs_autoregister

C. compatible

Which file does the Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) obtain its list of databases from? A. tnsnames.ora B. glogin.sql C. host_name.olr D. sqlnet.ora

C. host_name.olr

Your database name is OCA12C. The options show the files that are available in the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory. Which file is used to start up the database instance when you issue the STARTUP command? A. initOCA12C.ora B. OCA12Cspfile.ora C. spfile.ora D. init.ora

C. spfile.ora When starting the instance, Oracle looks for spfileOCA12C.ora file. If it cannot find that file, it looks for spfile.ora. If that file is not found, Oracle looks for the initOCA12C.ora file.

Which statement is true? A. A database can have only one control file. B. A database must have at least two control files. C. A database may have zero or more control files. D. A database must have at least one control file.

D. A database must have at least one control file. The control file is the most key file in an Oracle database. Due to its importance, it is a good practice to have two more copies of the file. A database must have at least one control file to start the database.

Which view has space information? A. DBA_OBJECTS B. V$TABLESPACE C. V$SQLTEXT D. DBA_DATA_FILES

D. DBA_DATA_FILES

You've been asked to install Oracle Database 12c on a new Linux server. You're likely to ask the Unix system administrator to do all but which one of the following for you in order to get the new server ready for Oracle? A. Modify the server's kernel parameters. B. Create a new Unix user to own the Oracle software. C. Create the mount points and directory structure using the OFA model. D. Determine which directory will be used for $ORACLE_HOME.

D. Determine which directory will be used for $ORACLE_HOME. While the Unix system administrator is responsible for creating volume groups and mount points, the DBA generally decides where the Oracle binaries will be installed— the location derived from $ORACLE_BASE or designated by the $ORACLE_HOME environment variable.

Which parameter is used when creating a user account that will be authenticated by the operating system? A. GLOBALLY B. VALUES C. USING D. EXTERNALLY

D. EXTERNALLY

Which type of database backup can be performed while a database is online? A. Partial B. Full C. Consistent D. Inconsistent

D. Inconsistent

Which SGA component will you increase or configure so that RMAN tape backups do not use memory from the shared pool? A. Java pool B. Streams pool C. Recovery pool D. Large pool

D. Large pool The large pool is configured so that RMAN does not use the shared pool; therefore, the shared pool is totally dedicated to application space.

When a user session is terminated, which processes are responsible for cleaning up and releasing locks? A. DBWn B. LGWR C. MMON D. PMON E. SMON

D. PMON PMON is responsible for cleaning up failed user processes. It reclaims all the resources held by the user and releases all locks on tables and rows held by the user. No other process is involved in the session cleanup.

Which command performs a clean shutdown without waiting for clients to disconnect? A. SHUTDOWN ABORT B. SHUTDOWN NORMAL C. SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL D. SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

D. SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

Which startup options must be used to start the instance when you create a new database? A. STARTUP FORCE B. STARTUP MOUNT C. STARTUP RESTRICT D. STARTUP NOMOUNT

D. STARTUP NOMOUNT When creating a new database or creating a control file, the database should be in the NOMOUNT state.

The DBA unknowingly terminated the process ID belonging to the PMON process of Oracle Database 12c database using the kill -9 command on Unix. Choose the best answer: A. Oracle spawns another PMON process automatically. B. The database hangs, and the DBA must manually start a PMON process. C. If the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode, Oracle automatically starts another PMON process and recovers from the database hang. D. The instance crashes and needs to be restarted.

D. The instance crashes and needs to be restarted. PMON is one of the critical processes of Oracle Database 12c, and terminating that process will crash the database. During instance startup, Oracle will require the redo log files with status CURRENT as well as ACTIVE in order to perform instance recovery.

The LRU algorithm is used to manage what part of the Oracle architecture? A. A. Users who log on to the database infrequently and may be candidates for being dropped B. The data file that stores the least amount of information and will need the least frequent backup C. The tables that users rarely access so that they can be moved to a less active tablespace D. The shared pool and database buffer cache portions of the SGA

D. The shared pool and database buffer cache portions of the SGA. The LRU mechanism ensures that each user's server process can find free space in the shared pool and database buffer cache whenever they need it, but it also keeps frequently used objects cached in those memory areas.