Database Basics

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Columns

Named elements of a table that store specific types of data.

NoSQL

Non-relational systems optimized for big data.

Data

Numeric, textual, visual, or audio information that describes real-world systems.

Relational Data Structure

Organizes data in tables with columns and rows.

Physical Design

Phase of database design that adds indexes and specifies how tables are organized on storage media.

Logical Design

Phase of database design that implements requirements in a specific database system.

Analysis

Phase of database design that specifies database requirements.

Database Administrator

Responsible for securing the database system and enforcing user access procedures.

Data Query Language

Retrieves data from the database.

Relational Operations

Select, Project, Product, Join, Union, Intersect, Difference, Rename, and Aggregate.

Rows

Sequences of values in a table that represent individual data entries.

Open Source

Software that anyone can inspect, copy, and modify with no licensing fee.

Database Application

Software that helps business users interact with database systems.

Database System

Software that reads and writes data in a database, ensuring data security, consistency, and availability.

Database Design

Specification of database objects such as tables, columns, data types, and indexes.

INSERT

Statement that adds rows to a table.

CREATE DATABASE

Statement that creates a new database.

DROP DATABASE

Statement that deletes a database.

DELETE

Statement that deletes existing rows in a table.

UPDATE

Statement that modifies existing rows in a table.

SHOW

Statement that provides information about databases, tables, and columns.

USE

Statement that selects a default database for use in subsequent SQL statements.

SQL

Structured Query Language, a standard language for relational databases.

Tables

Structures that organize data in a database.

File Systems

Text files or spreadsheets used to manage small databases shared by one or two users.

Performance

The ability of a database system to maintain fast response times.

Scope

The amount of data produced and collected.

Access

The availability of data sources, whether private or publicly available.

Architecture

The internal components and relationships between components of a database system.

Authorization

The process of granting or denying access to specific data based on user privileges.

Recovery

The process of restoring a database to a consistent state after a failure.

Security

The protection of data against unauthorized access or modification.

Referential Integrity

The requirement that foreign key values must either be NULL or match some value of the referenced primary key.

Format

The way data is produced, such as numbers, text, image, audio, or video.

Storage Manager

Translates query processor instructions into low-level file-system commands that modify or retrieve data.

Relational Rules

Unique primary key, unique column names, and no duplicate rows.

Programming

Writing database programs using SQL combined with a general-purpose programming language.

Database

A collection of data in a structured format.

Relational Model

A conceptual framework for database systems based on set theory.

Database User

A consumer of data in a database.

Relational Database

A database that stores data in tables, columns, and rows, similar to a spreadsheet.

Catalog

A directory of tables, columns, indexes, and other database objects.

Log

A file containing a complete record of all inserts, updates, and deletes processed by the database.

MySQL Workbench

A graphical user interface for interacting with MySQL Server.

Transaction

A group of queries that must be either completed or rejected as a whole.

Structured Query Language

A high-level computer language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data.

MySQL

A popular relational database system.

Query

A request to retrieve or change data in a database.

Query Language

A specialized programming language designed for database systems.

MySQL Command-Line Client

A text interface for connecting to the MySQL Server, performing administrative functions, and executing SQL statements.

Foreign Keys

Columns that refer to a primary key in another table.

Primary Keys

Columns used to identify a row in a table.

SQL Syntax

Composed of operators, expressions, literals, keywords, identifiers, and comments.

Rules

Constraints that ensure data consistency and integrity.

Data Control Language

Controls database user access.

Metadata

Data about the database, such as column names and the number of rows in each table.

Data Definition Language

Defines the structure of the database.

Database Designer

Determines the format of each data element and the overall database structure.

Database Programmer

Develops computer programs that utilize a database.

Transaction Manager

Ensures transactions are properly executed and restores the database in the event of a failure.

Database Models

Hierarchical, Network, Relational, Object, Graph, and Document.

Relational Systems

Ideal for databases that require an accurate record of every transaction.

Query Processor

Interprets queries, creates a plan to modify the database or retrieve data, and returns query results.

Data Transaction Language

Manages database transactions.

Data Manipulation Language

Manipulates data stored in the database.


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