DBB: Chapter 12 Study Guide

Which statement about cocaine abuse/dependence and cognitive function is true?

-

Which statement about pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence is false?

-

What is the minimum dopamine transporter (DAT) occupancy required to achieve a "high" from either cocaine or methylphenidate, based on imaging studies?

- 40-60%

Which of the following is not a drug used to treat ADHD?

- Ephdrine - drugs used to treat ADHD: Ritalin, Concerta, Celery, Strattera

Which condition will produce the greatest psychostimulant effect, based on dopamine transporter (DAT) occupancy?

- IV administration of a drug

Cocaine _______ and _______ in the dorsal striatum can be produced in cocaine-dependent individuals by exposure to videos of cocaine-related cues.

- MAYBE: craving; release of dopamine

Long-access (6 hours per day) cocaine self-administration by rats has been shown to cause

- MAYBE: depicts in vivo micro dialysis measurements of DA (dopamine) overflow in the nucleus accumbens following a cocaine challenge

Cocaine binges may

- MAYBE: result in a period of exhaustion, depression, and cravings

Mephedrone, methylone, MDPV, and α-PVP are all members of the class of

- MAYBE: synthetic cathinone derivatives

Which statement concerning the drugs used to treat ADHD is true?

- Most of these drugs affect dopamine, with the exception of new Strattera that works by affecting norepinephrine

What technique has allowed researchers to study the effects of psychostimulants on measures like DAT occupancy in the living human brain?

- PET

Lack of cocaine self-administration by mutant mice expressing a cocaine-insensitive dopamine transporter tells us that

- blockade of the dopamine transporter plays a key role in the reinforcing action of cocaine

Which of the following statements about early cocaine use is false?

- cocaine use typically begins as early as 10

Vaccines against cocaine

- could act by creating antibodies that bind to the cocaine molecules, reducing the amount of the drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier

Chronic or high dose cocaine use can cause all of the following except

- damage to somatosensory systems

The approach of a contingency management program involves reducing _______ while increasing _______, and is based on the idea that drug-taking is an operant response.

- drug-associated reinforcement; non drug reinforcers

Chronic methamphetamine use has been associated with all of the following except

- enhanced cognition - has been associated with: psychosis and flashbacks, increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction, and premature aging

Which of the following is not an effect of low to moderate doses of cocaine?

- incoherent speech

Chronic, high dose use of psychostimulants can lead to all of the following effects except

- increased sexual interest

How is amphetamine different from methamphetamine?

- methamphetamine is more toxic to neurons in the brain than amphetamine

Freebasing

- method of reducing impurities in cocaine and preparing the drug for smoking - smoking cocaine that was dissolved in water, add an alkaline solution such as ammonia, then extract the cocaine base with an organic solvent, typically ether - is especially dangerous because the ether used to extract the cocaine is highly flammable

Cocaine acts in the nervous system by blocking _______ and _______ channels.

- monoamine transporters; voltage-gated sodium channels

Modafinil is primarily used therapeutically for the treatment of

- narcolepsy

Brain imaging studies of cocaine-abusing or -dependent individuals have found

- reduced methylphenidate-induced dopamine release in the dorsal striatum compared to controls (non-cocaine using individuals)

Amphetamines increase catecholamine release in part by

- reversing the transporter

A serious effect of heavy cocaine use, that might even be fatal, is

- stroke, heart failure, intracranial hemorrhage, ALL OF THE ABOVE

In which situation has amphetamine not been used medically and/or legally?

- substitute medication for cocaine addiction

Which of the following is a sympathomimetic effect of cocaine?

- vasoconstriction

Ephedra

- was banned by the FDA after many adverse reactions were reported