DE US History Chapter 2

How did Pocahontas play a key role in Jamestown society?

She served as an intermediary between Powhatan and English leaders.

Which of the following statements is true of Queen Mary of England, who took the throne in 1553?

She temporarily restored Catholicism as the state religion of England.

Why was the death rate in early Jamestown incredibly high?

Disease and lack of food took a heavy toll

The separation of church and state in Massachusetts during the seventeenth century:

Does not resemble today's United States government

How did indentured servants display a fondness for freedom?

Some of them ran away or were disobedient to their masters.

The Mayflower Compact established:

a civil government for the Plymouth colony

Religious dissension in England during the first half of the seventeenth century resulted in:

a civil war.

At the heart of the English Civil War was:

a question of sovereignty in who would make decisions for the government.

Tobacco production in Virginia:

enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government.

For Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast, disease and:

environmental factors dramatically altered their way of life.

The minister Thomas Hooker:

expanded the amount of men who could vote in Connecticut

In the seventeenth century, New England's economy:

focused on the export of fish and timber

The Half-Way Covenant of 1662 addressed:

generational conflicts

Maryland's founder, Cecilius Calvert:

held most of the power in the colony

The Diggers of Great Britain:

influenced the development of the American colonies, because some of their members and ideas crossed the Atlantic to the New World.

__________ described best the actions of the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Bay.

intolerant

The Virginia Company can be called a failure primarily because:

it ultimately did not make money.

Compared to the Chesapeake colonies, New England had more economic equality because it had more:

landowners

Who would most admire today's America with its constitutional protections of equal rights for all?

levellers

The Native American leader Powhatan:

managed to consolidate control over some thirty nearby tribes.

Opechancanough

mounted a surprise attack against Plymouth in the 1620s.

During the English political upheaval between 1640 and 1660:

new religious sects began demanding the end of public financing and special privileges for the Anglican Church.

Anne Hutchinson:

opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace.

The Massachusetts General Court:

reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference.

In the battles between Parliament and the Stuart kings, English freedom:

remained an important and a much-debated concept even after Charles I was beheaded.

During the reign of __________, the English government turned its attention to North America by granting charters to Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh for the establishment of colonies there.

Elizabeth I

In regard to conflicts, which European power was most thorough at removing Indians from the land?

England

When comparing English colonies to Spanish ones:

England sent more people to the Americas in the seventeenth century.

How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?

English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny.

What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty?

He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good.

Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church?

He wanted a divorce, and the Pope refused to grant it.

__________ describes best the actions of the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Bay.

Intolerant

Just as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in Spanish New World colonization, the methods used in which of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?

Ireland

What role did the "enclosure" movement play in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England?

It created a crisis where many people had no way to make a living.

How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development?

It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage

What was at the center of the religious doctrine of John Calvin?

It was predetermined by God who was going to receive salvation.

Which of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest?

Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island

Which colony adopted the Act Concerning Religion in 1649, which institutionalized the principle of religious toleration?

Maryland

What benefited the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth?

Native Americans, decimated by disease, had left behind cleared fields for farming.

In the 1650s, who pushed England toward a policy of expanding territory and commercialism?

Oliver Cromwell

Which English group did the most to reshape Native American society and culture in the seventeenth century?

Settlers farming the land

In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?

Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials, only men who were full church members could vote in local elections.

Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land?

Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought their land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians.

Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s?

Because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic.

Maryland was established as a refuge for which group?

Catholics

Who was most likely to build the best relationships with the Native Americans?

Pilgrims

A central element in the definition of English liberty was:

Right to trial by jury

Why did Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh fail in their attempts to colonize the New World?

The government provided insufficient financial support.

Why did Puritans decide to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s?

The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings.

What did Mary Rowlandson's book demonstrate?

The brutality of New England Indians.

Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century?

They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines.

To solidify control of Virginia, what did the English do?

They put the colony under the control of the crown.

Which of the following is true of the Puritans' dealings with Quakers?

They welcomed the Quakers and thus were happy to help them set up the Pennsylvania colony.

How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state?

They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact prereligious legislation.

Maryland was similar to Virginia in that:

Tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society

As leader of the Jamestown Colony, John Smith:

Used rigorous military discipline to hold the colony together

Where in the Americas did the Pilgrims originally plan to go?

Virginia

Of the half million people who left England between 1607 and 1700, which area in the Western Hemisphere received the most settlers?

West Indies

During the English political upheaval between 1640 and 1660:

accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent

The Magna Carta:

allowed Baptists and Quakers to attend, but not join, Puritan churches

As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries:

efforts were made to encourage those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis.

As the sixteenth century progressed in New England, the growing commerce:

brought religious and economic values into conflict.

The Levellers:

called for the strengthening of freedom and democracy at a time when those principles were seen as possibly contributing to anarchy.

Boston merchants:

challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control.

In 1607, the colonists who sailed to Jamestown on three small ships:

chose an inland site partly to avoid the possibility of attack by Spanish warships

Roger Williams argued that:

church and state must be totally separated

Anne Hutchinson's trial demonstrated that:

church elders lacked tolerance.

Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists?

colonial and European merchants

In contrast to the Chesapeake region, the population in New England:

did not stress family-based activities.

Why did many women in Virginia not start a family until their mid-twenties?

women mostly came to Virginia as indentured servants

For most New Englanders, Indians represented:

savagery

During the seventeenth century, indentured servants:

suffered a high death rate

It can be argued that conflict between the English settlers and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when:

the Native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony, not just a trading post.

The significance of the Pequot War of 1637 was that:

the Pequots lost, but survived to become a valuable ally of the Puritans.

When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island:

the colony became a haven for Protestants of all kinds, but it banned Jews

When comparing the Chesapeake colonies to the New England settlements:

there were more indentured servants in the Chesapeake region.

The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was:

to be unquestioned.

What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity?

tobacco

In England, the idea of working for wages:

was associated with servility and the loss of liberty.

Virginia House of Burgesses

was included in the original charter for the Jamestown Colony

The separation of church and state in Massachusetts during the seventeenth century:

was similar to Virginia's colonial government

Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:

was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691

The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home:

were all men, reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society.

In regard to geography, English colonies:

were in colder climates than Spanish colonies.

In regards to geography, English colonies

were in colder climates when compared to Spanish colonies.

In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who:

were landowning church members

Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England:

were lower-class men.